CC BY
27
2020
The citizenship and its relationship with the social responsibility among physical education teachers
Kenioua M.12ABCDE 1 Institute of Physical Education and Sport University of Ouargla, Algeria 2SAMH laboratory University of Mostaganem, Algeria
Authors' contributions: A - Study design; B - Data collection; C - Statistical analysis; D - Manuscript Preparation; E - Funds Collection. Abstract Purpose:
Material:
Results:
Conclusions:
Keywords:
The study aimed to know the level of citizenship and the level of social responsibility among the teachers of physical education and examine the relationship between the citizenship and the social responsibility. The participants were 49 physical educations teachers' (male) from middle schools. The citizenship and the social responsibility scales were used as search tools.
the level of citizenship and social responsibility is high among teachers of physical education, and there is a positive correlation between citizenship and social responsibility.
To enrich the results of this study it is better to do other studies in the future, such as a comparative study on citizenship among teachers of physical education in the middle and secondary stage, a study on citizenship and its relationship to cultural and social background. citizenship, social responsibility, physical education, teachers, middle schools.
Introduction
The concept of citizenship is defined as a systemic concept that refers to fundamental human rights, civil and political rights, social, economic and cultural rights [1]. The concept of citizenship is defined by its linkage to time and space [2], as well as collective rights, they relate to all areas of personal, private, public and political human activity [3]. Affiliation to a homeland means that citizens have full membership, and that there is equal rights and duties between them [4] and consolidating the principle of tolerance and respect despite diversity and difference in custom, religion, thought, financial status and political affiliation [5].
Social responsibility is the commitment of the individual to his / her actions towards society by contributing a range of social activities related to community service [6]. Social responsibility is associated with several concepts including rights and duties, identity and citizenship, ethics and values, individual and collective conscience [7].
It is inconceivable that a society with a whole slice does not fulfil its role at home [8]. It is inconceivable that a society lacks conscience and responsibility towards themselves and those around them, and lacks a sense of community and home issues, believing in the important role and practice of personal, social and legal responsibility is part of the continuation and survival of societies and individuals and the maintenance of their balance [9, 5]. Society cannot appoint an observer for each individual in the execution of his duties, what is required of him in his work, in the role he plays in serving the society, and in following public order, everyone must have a certain amount of responsibility in the performance of their duty, and do their part before there is accountability or legal question [10]. The sense
© Kenioua M., 2020
doi:10.15561/26649837.2020.0202
of citizenship values is the intergenerational struggle over citizenship that every generation has belonging to the homeland more than others [11], and that some people are less belonging to the homeland and this is due to the selfish and individualistic behaviors of many members of the homeland and reluctance to participate seriously in building the homeland, which is represented in the natural environment, human environment and technological environment [5, 7].
Teacher of physical education, like other teachers must exercise his affiliation in front of his students and the community [12], emphasizing his identity and proud of his culture and traditions, tolerant, opposed for everything that threatens his identity and doubts his affiliation [13]. Physical education teacher must assume multiple social responsibilities, such as instilling a culture of citizenship for students and raising awareness for the members of the community in which he lives [14], one of his most important roles is to modify and develop students behavior in line with the customs, ethics, and social traditions prevailing in society [15, 16, 17].
The aim of this study is to know the level of Citizenship and Social responsibility, to investigate relationship between Citizenship and Social responsibility among physical education teachers, no research studies to date have combined this unique set of variables specifically in the field of physical education and sports.
For the purpose of this study, the research study hypotheses were as follows:
HYP.1 There is high level of Citizenship among physical education teachers.
HYP. 2 There is high level of Social responsibility among physical education teachers.
HYP.3 There is (positive) correlation relationship between Citizenship and Social responsibility among physical education teachers.
PEDAGOGY I of Physica'
Culture and Sports_
Material and methods
Participants
The statistical community in our study represents all teachers of physical education in the middle schools of the city of Ouargla, after conducting the exploratory study on ten (10) teachers (psychometric characteristics) were among the sample to be studied, and after retrieving the questionnaires the number of members of the sample of the basic study were (49) teachers.
Procedure
This field study started in February 2019 until April 2019 ,the researcher distributed the scale of citizenship and social responsibility in the form of a questionnaire based on a set of questions addressed to (59) teachers from the middle schools of Ouargla city , These questionnaires were retrieved in order to carry out the necessary statistical operations (49 questionnaires were returned).
Instruments
In this study, two scales were used to collect data. The first scale is citizenship was prepared by Labouz [18], the scale consisted 102 items, was distributed according to the Likert type scale, to three dimensions: A-Independence and critical thinking (includes 37 items).B-Tolerance, solidarity and acceptance of the other (includes 22 items).C- Openness and liberation from political and social hatred (includes 43 items). During the study, the researcher used only dimension A and B they serve the purpose of the study. Cronbach alpha reliability value of the scale was found (0.80). The second scale is social
responsibility was prepared by Bakar [19], the scale consisted 78 items, was distributed according to the Likert type scale. Cronbach alpha reliability value of the scale was found (0.92).
Data analyses
Data analyses were carried out by means of statistical packet for social sciences (SPSS) 25.00 software program. The Mean, Std. Deviation and Pearson Correlation were used in the main study. In addition, alpha-Cronbach was used in the exploratory study.
Results
Level of citizenship among physical education teachers
In Table 1, it was found that the highest arithmetic mean of citizenship scale was estimated at (M=2.95) at standard deviation (SD=0.19), while the lowest arithmetic mean of citizenship scalewas (M=1.38) at standard deviation (SD=0.67), it was also found that the value of the total arithmetic mean of the citizenship scale was estimated at (M=2.21) with a standard deviation of (SD 0.16), which shows that the level of citizenship is somewhat high among physical education teachers.
Table (02) shows that the highest arithmetic mean of the social responsibility scale was estimated at (M=3.79) at standard deviation (SD=0.45), the lowest arithmetic mean of the social responsibility was (M=1.93) at the standard deviation (SD=1.19), it was also found that the value of the arithmetic mean as a whole of the social
Table 1. Shows the means and standard deviations of theLevel of Citizenship among physical education teachers citizenship scale among physical education teachers
Item N Mean(M) SD Item N Mean(M) SD
1 49 2.51 .810 23 49 1.93 .870
2 49 2.57 .760 24 49 2.75 .560
3 49 2.71 .610 25 49 1.55 .790
4 49 2.87 .330 26 49 2.20 .880
5 49 2.00 .930 27 49 2.67 .680
6 49 2.83 .470 28 49 2.26 .860
7 49 2.85 .400 29 49 1.38 .670
8 49 2.26 0.860 30 49 1.57 .790
9 49 2.69 .680 31 49 2.71 .570
10 49 2.73 .670 32 49 1.32 .710
11 49 2.77 .510 33 49 1.53 .760
12 49 2.16 .740 34 49 1.55 .700
13 49 2.77 .510 35 49 1.97 .940
14 49 2.48 .640 36 49 1.87 .780
15 49 1.69 .890 37 49 1.87 .800
16 49 2.46 .790 38 49 1.89 .820
17 49 1.63 .750 39 49 1.75 .850
18 49 1.71 .840 40 49 2.46 .760
19 49 1.61 .860 41 49 2.61 .570
20 49 2.63 .690 42 49 2.26 .830
21 49 2.95 .190 43 49 1.61 .730
22 49 2.36 .780 Total 49 2.21 .160
Table 2. Shows the mean and standard deviations of the social responsibility scale among physical education teachers
Item N Mean SD Item N Mean SD Item N Mean SD
1 49 3.44 .810 23 49 3.46 .910 45 49 3.32 1.00
2 49 3.75 .590 24 49 3.34 .960 46 49 2.20 1.15
3 49 3.79 .570 25 49 3.71 .640 47 49 3.28 1.02
4 49 3.36 .830 26 49 3.79 .570 48 49 3.71 .610
5 49 3.65 .770 27 49 3.79 .450 49 49 3.61 .750
6 49 3.67 .740 28 49 2.73 1.07 50 49 3.65 .720
7 49 3.61 .860 29 49 2.26 1.07 51 49 3.75 .630
8 49 3.59 .810 30 49 3.08 1.11 52 49 3.53 .790
9 49 3.65 .720 31 49 3.46 .950 53 49 3.87 .380
10 49 3.51 .790 32 49 3.18 .830 54 49 3.67 .680
11 49 2.95 .990 33 49 2.67 1.10 55 49 3.75 .480
12 49 3.22 .790 34 49 3.46 .950 56 49 2.16 1.21
13 49 3.04 1.01 35 49 3.44 .760 57 49 3.36 .830
14 49 3.38 .780 36 49 3.06 .960 58 49 3.16 1.08
15 49 3.10 1.02 37 49 3.44 .790 59 49 2.83 1.23
16 49 3.53 .760 38 49 3.40 .970 60 49 3.63 .720
17 49 3.63 .660 39 49 3.34 1.05 61 49 2.53 1.20
18 49 2.83 1.02 40 49 1.93 1.19 62 49 3.87 .380
19 49 3.65 .770 41 49 2.95 1.11 63 49 3.67 .550
20 49 3.67 .770 42 49 2.20 1.02 64 49 3.83 .550
21 49 3.00 1.00 43 49 3. 24 .900 65 49 3.81 .520
22 49 2.55 1.04 44 49 3.12 .970 Total 49 3.32 .280
Table 3. Shows the Pearson correlation coefficient between the scales of citizenship and social responsibility among physical education teachers
Citizenship scale social responsibility scale
Correlation coefficient
Significance level
49
0.61
0.01
N
responsibility scale was estimated at (M=3.32) with a standard deviation (SD=0.28).Thus, it was found that the level of social responsibility is somewhat high among physical education teachers.
The relationship between Citizenship and Social responsibility among physical education teachers
It is clear from table (03) that there is a positive correlation between citizenship and social responsibility amongphysical education teachers, where the value of the correlation coefficient Pearson was (0.61) at the level of significance (0.01), meaning that the greater the awareness of the concept of citizenship, the more sense of social responsibility.
Discussion
In this study, we sought to investigate the level of f citizenship and social responsibility among physical education teachers, and to know the correlation between citizenship and social responsibility.
As results of this study, it was concluded that the physical education teachers had high level of citizenship, this shows the spirit of patriotism they enjoy, as well as their possession of the values of citizenship and love
and ending their homeland and carrying out their duties towards him. It also shows that this category of teachers seeks in various ways and methods to gain and instill such values and others in the personality of the student, it contributes significantly to the preparation of a good citizen in the community to serve his community and his homeland. These findings coincided with the study of Labouz [18] which concluded that the level of citizenship is high among teachers in the intermediate education level, as well as the study carried out by Bouziane [20], which confirmed that the Algerian school contributes effectively in establishing the pillars of citizenship at the level of principle and application. Citizenship or education is not only a set of constitutional texts, laws and articles that define the rights and duties of members of society, individuals must be made aware as citizens, since it is considered a primary point of conducting their activities in daily life.
Results were concluded that the physical education teachers had high level of social responsibility, it is an important characteristic of the teacher, whether it is his responsibility towards the family, or towards the institution in which he works, his colleagues, friends,
PEDAGOGY I °f Physica'
Culture and Sports
neighbors, and other people who mix with them, towards society in general, or to humanity at large. Cooperation, sacrifice, altruism, love and help of others are behaviors, which reflect on the nature of society and the degree of stability of the positive. These results coincided with the results of Musharraf [21] study, which concluded that students of the Islamic University of Gaza have a high level of social responsibility.
Results were concluded that significant correlation between citizenship and social responsibility. among physical education teachers, the result is logical because the concept of citizenship is reinforced by a sense of social responsibility and the opposite is true; whenever teachers realize the rights and duties of citizenship, this puts on them the burden of the responsibility of the homeland, which shows through their social responsibility, it is the same conclusion reached by Al-Asfoor [22] when he
examined a survey of citizens' opinions on the factors that increase the sense of citizenship, the most important of these factors is the citizen's capability to shoulder his responsibility towards the country and the other citizen.
Conclusion
Through the descriptive study about citizenship and social responsibility among physical education teachers in the middle school, which is a sensitive subject considering the changes taking place in the world today in general and the Arab world in particular, it was concluded through the study that the level of citizenship and social responsibility is high among teachers of physical education, and there is a positive correlation between citizenship and social responsibility.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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2020
Information about the author:
Kenioua M.; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5405-5723; moukenioua@gmail.com; Institute of Physical Education and Sport, University of Ouargla; SAMH laboratory University of Mostaganem; Mostaganem, Algeria.
Cite this article as:
Kenioua M. The citizenship and its relationship with the social responsibility among physical education teachers. Pedagogy of
physical culture and sports, 2020;24(2):59- 63.
https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2020.0202
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en).
Received: 03.11.2019
Accepted: 24.11.2019; Published: 30.12.2019
