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Econimics
УДК 339.1:637.5:636.5 DOI 10.21661/r-466534
О.Ф. Кирилюк
Тенденции на рынке птицеводства в условиях глобализации
Аннотация
По мнению автора, в современных условиях глобализации продовольственных рынков важное значение приобретают исследования состояния отечественного рынка продукции птицеводства с целью обеспечения населения полноценными продуктами питания. Установлено, что формирование спроса на рынке мяса птицы происходит главным образом за счет производства отечественными товаропроизводителями, импортные поставки за исследуемый период сокращаются и удовлетворяют преимущественно потребности предприятий.
I Ключевые слова: рынок продукции птицеводства, отрасль птицеводства, экспорт мяса птицы, производство и потребление продукции птицеводства.
O.F. Kyryliuk
Trends in the market of poultry production in the conditions of globalization
Abstract
According to the author, in modern conditions of globalization of food markets, the researching the state of the domestic market of poultry products in order to provide the population with high-grade food products is important. It is established that the formation of demand in the poultry market is mainly due to production by domestic producers, while imports for the period under review are being reduced and meet mainly the needs of processing industry enterprises.
I Keywords: market of poultry products, poultry industry, export of poultry meat, production and consumption of poultry products.
~¥"\elevance. In modern conditions, the poultry f-T industry is economically attractive. The dynamics -X Vof the market of eggs and poultry meat indicates an increase in demand and supply for poultry products. The dynamics of the consumer price of meat confirms that the industry's dietary products are available to consumers. In recent years, poultry products have formed a segment of the market, use a stable demand and is an attractive business for investors. For ten years of the industry development in Ukraine (2008-2016), the share of poultry meat in per capita consumption increased by 50%, its share in the balance of consumption funds increased from 38.8% to 46.0%. During the period 1990-2000, the number of birds decreased due to the impact of both economic factors and the emergence of sharp outbreaks of bird flu. Since 2000, private industry
has been reorganizing the industry, technical re-equipment of existing enterprises and construction of new poultry farms, veterinary support are improving. Over the past decade, in conditions of insufficient supply of other types of meat on the market, poultry enterprises increase the number of birds, increase its productivity, and increase the share of poultry meat in the structure of meat consumption funds. In solving the problems of ensuring the level of food security, as well as ensuring the protection of the interests of the domestic commodity producer, taking into account the purchasing power of the population, leading positions of poultry products are increased. Despite the rapid development of the industry, the creation of favorable conditions for ensuring the efficiency of poultry farming with a sharp rise in the price of energy resources, raising
Экономика
i
Fig. 1. Dynamics of the level of self-sufficiency of the population of Ukraine with basic types of food
social standards of living of the population, and increasing competition in the domestic and foreign markets remain unresolved.
Analysis of research and publications. Studies of the problems of the development of the domestic poultry industry, tendencies in the development of a competitive environment in the domestic and world food markets are reflected in the scientific developments of well-known scientists: P. Boroday, R. Buryak, M. Ilchuk, D. Kyryliuk, V. Topykha, I. Svynous, A. Yaroshenko and others. However, the poultry industry is developing at a rather rapid pace, and therefore requires constant attention and research on the trends in the development of the poultry production market in the context of the globalization of food markets.
The purpose of the article is to generalize the features of the development of domestic poultry
farming and to assess the prospects for the development of the industry, to find ways to retain and enhance competitive positions in foreign markets.
Poultry farming in Ukraine is one of the industries that develop mainly through intensification of production, carry out expanded reproduction through the introduction of advanced technologies, the use of innovations and the production of competitive products. As a result of such intensive development of poultry farming in Ukraine, the level of self-sufficiency of the population with food products has significantly increased. Thus, for the period 2008-2016 the level of provision of the population with eggs, potatoes, vegetables, milk was the highest (Fig. 1).
The level of self-sufficiency of the population with meat in 2008 was only 81%, a self-sufficiency of fruits and berries was also low. In
subsequent years, there has been a trend towards better food security for the population [2]. In this case, the indicator for potatoes and vegetables are reduced, self-meat of milk, eggs, fruits and berries has tend to increase. Domestic poultry meat producers provided the demand of the population with their own production, which led to an increase the level of self-sufficiency of the population with meat in 2016 to 105.4%. During the period under study, meat production as a whole increased by 22%, including pork - by 27%, poultry - by 47%, while beef production decreased by 22%. The analysis of the dynamics of meat production showed that the production of beef and other types of meat is declining, while the total meat production was increased mainly due to the production of poultry meat and pork (Chart 1).
It should be noted that until 2012 the production of poultry meat has tended to increase, for 2013-2014 there was a reduction in the volume of production under the influence of a number of political and economic factors, in subsequent years there was an increasing of the production of this type of meat [3]. The increase in the supply of poultry meat in the food market was made possible by the construction of modern high-tech poultry farms. The increase of meat consumption per capita from 21.5 kg to 23.6 kg was mainly due to consumption of poultry meat, its share in the consumption structure increased from 42% to 46%.
The conducted researches showed that the formation of the supply in the food market occurred mainly due to own production of products (Chart 2).
Chart 1
Dynamics of production of poultry meat in Ukraine (thousand tons)
Type of meat / Years 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Beef 480 454 428 399 388 428 413 384 376
Pork 590 527 631 704 701 748 743 760 748
Poultry meat 794 894 954 995 1075 1168 1165 1144 1167
Other types of meat 42 43 467 45 46 45 40 35 34
Total, thousand tons 1906 1918 2060 2143 2210 2389 2361 2323 2325
Average per capita meat consumption, kg 50,6 49,7 52,0 51,2 54,4 56,1 54,1 50,9 51,4
Including of poultry meat, kg 21,5 23,0 23,2 22,5 23,8 24,4 24,3 23,9 23,6
% 42 46 45 43 44 45 45 47 46
78 Интерактивная наука | 12 (22) • 2017
Econimics
Chart 2
Dynamics of the balance of poultry meat (thousand tons, %)
Indicators/Years 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2016 к 2008, %
Production, thousand tons 794 894 954 995 1075 1168 1165 1144 1167 147
Import 262 196 157 65 116 74 65 64 85 32
Total resources 1010 1084 1103 1082 1171 1258 1243 1209 1253 124
Export 9 19 33 50 82 146 176 163 241 26,7 р
Consumption fund 994 1060 1066 1029 1086 1108 1047 1022 1008 101
The share of poultry meat,%:
In the production of meat 41 47 46 46 49 49 49 49 50 +9
In the import of meat 48 45 42 27 27 22 32 41 46 -2
In the export of meat 32 48 69 63 66 80 81 66 80 +48
In the consumption fund 42 46 45 44 44 43 45 47 46 +4
Calculated by the author according to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. URL: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/
It was established that poultry production increased by 47% during the period under study. The expansion of production by domestic producers ensured the satisfaction of demand in the domestic market, as a result of which imports decreased from 262,000 tons to 85,000 tons. Import of poultry meat is intended mainly for processing at food industry enterprises. Studies have shown that during this period there was a significant decrease of the purchasing power of the population with a sharp increase of prices in the food market, which became an objective reason for the reduction in demand for poultry products in the domestic market and a decrease in the incomes of its producers. These prompted domestic enterprises to search for new product markets: since 2013, the export of poultry meat has increased actively. Large commodity producers are emerged to foreign markets, strengthening their export-orientation, expanding the geography of markets and increasing the volumes of sales.
The conducted researches allow to draw a conclusion, that the offer of the domestic vertically integrated poultry-farming enterprises will gradually decrease at escalating of export deliveries to the markets of the European Union, Asia and Africa. This will stimulate the development of farms in order to ensure the demand of regional markets of organic poultry products and will enable the implementation of the rural development program. Formation of demand and supply of poultry products on the food market will be formed under the influence of negative factors that caused the economic crisis in the country. The export-oriented strategy should be the basis for the development of the poultry industry for the future, which will allow to balance supply and demand in the domestic market, the import substitution policy that will stimulate the development of poultry farms, a balanced mix of interests of production, processing and market enterprises.
Литература
1. Официальный портал Государственной службы статистики Украины [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/
2. Кирилюк Д.А. Анализ современного состояния рынка продукции птицеводства в Украине. Экономика АПК. -2014. - №2. - С. 116-119.
3. Кирилюк Д.А. Качественные параметры продукции птицеводства и формирование предложения на рынке яиц и мяса птицы. Биоресурсы и природопользования. - 2014. - Т. 6. - №1-2.
References
1. Ofitsial'nyi portal Gosudarstvennoi sluzhby statistiki Ukrainy. Retrieved from http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/
2. Kiriliuk, D. A. (2014) Analiz sovremennogo sostoianiia rynka produktsii ptitsevodstva v Ukraine. 2. р. 116-119 Ekonomika APK.
3. Kiriliuk, D. A. (2014) Kachestvennye parametry produktsii ptitsevodstva i formirovanie predlozheniia na rynke iaits i miasa ptitsy. Bioresursy i prirodopol'zovaniia. 1-2.
