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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18454/RULB.2020.23.3.17
ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕРМИНЫ, ОБРАЗОВАННЫЕ НА ОСНОВЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЙ ОБЩЕУПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬНЫХ СЛОВ В СЛОВАРЯХ АЛБАНСКОГО ЯЗЫКА 1980 И 2006 ГГ.
Научная статья
Плана ^ни1 *, Плана Садетe2, Брезница Плана Альбульена3
1 2 Приштинский университет «Хасан Приштина», Приштина, Республика Косово;
3 Техникум "Lutfi Musiqi", Вуштри, Республика Косово
* Корреспондирующий автор (gani.pllana[at]uni-pr.edu)
Аннотация
При изучении лексики языка тот факт, что содержание (концепт) имеет преимущество над формой имеет особое значение для разграничения таких типов лексики, как общеупотребительные слова (нетермины) и специализированные слова (термины), так как часто одна и та же лексическая единица в зависимости от ситуации переходит с одного уровня на другой (таким образом, границы значений смешиваются) или занимает промежуточное положение между двумя уровнями, что затрудняет ее идентификацию как общеупотребительного слова или термина, например, kembe, dere, makire (англ. foot (нога), door (дверь), machine (машина)) и т.д.
В данной работе будут рассмотрены группы терминов, образованные на основе значений общеупотребительных слов, присутствующих в словарях албанского языка 1980 и 2006 годов, и относящиеся к различным элементам повседневной жизни, таким как предметы, явления и процессы.
Ключевые слова: словари, общеупотребительная лексика, технические термины, терминология.
TECHNICAL TERMS FORMED ON THE BASIS OF THE MEANINGS OF COMMON WORDS IN THE DICTIONARIES OF THE ALBANIAN LANGUAGE 1980 AND 2006
Research article
Pllana Gani1 *, Pllana Sadete2, Breznica Pllana Albulena3
1 2 University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo;
3 Technical School "Lutfi Musiqi" Vushtrri, Republic of Kosovo
* Corresponding author (gani.pllana[at]uni-pr.edu)
Abstract
The highlight during the study of the language lexicon concerning the advantage of the content (the concept) before the form has specific importance for the designation of borders of the types of lexicon, as common words (non-terms) and specialized words (terms), since often the same unit according to the situation, pass from one level to another (so, the boundaries become mixed). Alternatively, it occupies an intermediate position between the two levels, which complicates its identity as a word or term, as in kembe, dere, makine (Eng. foot, door, machine ), etc.
Groups of terms formed on the basis of the meanings of common words present in the Albanian language dictionaries of 1980 and 2006 and related to different elements of ordinary life, such as objects, phenomena, processes, will be treated in this paper.
Keywords: dictionaries, common vocabulary, technical terms, terminology.
An overview of terminological studies of terminology
A series of studies have been written on the problem of terminology, in which the place and the role played by the common ambiguous words of the type are emphasized for creating terms, for example, point, tooth, head, foot, pocket, etc. By addressing the problem of the formation of the new terms, A. Duro states in his paper, "Lindja dhe perhapja e termave пё gjuhe- Birth and spread of terms in language" [3, P. 40-50], that the term is easily put in use when it is formed on the level of a term from the basis of a common word when it is used with its specialized meaning in a certain field of knowledge or human activity. For example, the author brings up words raised in terms, such as kokë (buloni) — head (of bolt); dhëmb (rrote) — tooth (of wheel); krah (leve) — arm (of lever), dritare (e jashtëqitjes) — window (of feces); etc. In the field of linguistics, Sh. Rrokaj and V. Bello [13, P. 168-178], in addition to addressing general problems of linguistic terminology, pay attention to the problem of terminology. They note that "the linguistic terminological system thus constructed relies on the Albanian dough, making its formation easier. "
From the works on military terminology, we are mentioning H. Qipuri [1, P. 46-72], according to whom "terms denoting parts of a weapon or its mechanization are based on the common Albanian lexicon", for example, boshti i tytës — barrel shaft, gojëz e shiritit — ribbon or mouthpiece, këmishë e predhës — shell or projectile, krehër fisheku- cartridge comb, piruni i rnshqMsit — fork slider". In the same way, the above terms are used in the field of technology, as well, like boshti (i automobilit, i rrotullimit, i rrugës) — axis (of a vehicle, of rotation, of road); kokë (e bastunit, e gozhdës, e gjip^s, e shkrepëses) — head (of a cane, of a nail, of a needle, of a match), etc. According to Sh. Demiraj [2, P. 222], S. Frasheri has used many Albanian words solely to mark knowledge, scientific, or political-administrative terms. Addressing the issue of term formation in the field of economics, H. Pasho [8, P. 33-38] brings examples of the use of the common words, "krah" -arm and "degë" — branch, in new terminological meanings, like "krah pune" — working arm and "degë banke " — bank branches, underlining the fact that the dictionary of 1980 "has followed this line of approximation between the terminology of economics and the lexicon of the general language also through the reflection of a series of Albanianized terms, helping to extract a series offoreign terms out of the language. "[9, P. 49-72]. According to V. Memisha, "The reflection of the terms — phrases in an explanatory dictionary has to do with the very concept and limit of the terminological phrase" [7, P. 107].
Demonstration of technical terminology reflected in philological dictionaries
The meanings of the terms formed on the basis of the meanings of common words are reflected in the explanatory dictionaries of Albanian in the semantic structures of their words. Meanings of these words when they appear as terms like "kembe" — foot (word) and "kembe" — foot (term), which stand out as such when used in the relevant field of knowledge, gives the opportunity to examine this lexical intermediate stratification in relation to the general lexicon with other groups of terminological lexicon, as well as the cases of functioning in the discourse practice of each field.
From the review of the different groups of terms in the explanatory dictionaries, it is noticed that the relations of the technical-terminological lexicon with the general language from one dictionary to another, from the dictionaries of 1954 and 1980 to the dictionary of 2006, in terms of semantic-lexical developments, they have become more complicated, but sometimes even better differentiated between them. The phenomenon of complexity is related to the addition of new terminological meanings (concepts) related to a sign, which has to do with the phenomenon of terminology, where the latter also comes out with the negative side (concepts are added, but the signs remain the same), but also with the addition of new terms themselves, created by the term-formation path, where signs are added alongside concepts, and where signs, in reality, enrich terminological systems. Regarding the development of these two processes in any terminology, it should be noted that the terminology process has prevailed before the formation of new terms with the path of origin, where, in the latter, the formation of new terms is occasionally inhibited due to taking over itself from existing signs of expression as new concepts in the terminology process as mentioned above, like "gisht" — finger, "xhep" — pocket, "koke" — head, "dhemb" — tooth, etc. However, it can be noticed that since the dictionary of 1954, the terminology has gone hand in hand with the term-formation (formation of new terms), and based on this circumstance, analyses can be made regarding these two processes relying on the entire course of Albanian dictionaries. Here, it should be noted that, viewed from a terminology point of view, the dictionaries of 1980 and 2006 serve as a basis for the analysis of technical terms, as they break down in more detail the semantic structure of each word. Within each word are revealed more clearly isolated terminological meanings, as well as cases of transition from one meaning to another (from the common meaning to the terminological one and vice versa). Therefore, these dictionaries have served and continue to serve as the basis for a broad analysis of the relationships that are established between ordinary words of terms and terms created on the basis of their meaning [10, P. 109].
Below, we present the groups of terms formed on the basis of the meanings of ordinary words presented in the dictionaries of 1980 and 2006 and related to various elements of ordinary life, such as objects, phenomena, processes, etc. This is how general words are used as terms in techniques and technology that mark:
a) terms formed over a meaning of words that mark parts of the human body:
• ballei (galerie) (min.), balle2 (pistoni) (mek.), balle3 fishekesh) (ushtr.),
• fore1 (of gallery) (min), fore2 (of piston) (mech.), fore3 (of cartridges) (mil.),
• buzei (ene) (mek.), buze2 (rruge) (nd.), buze3 (morse) (mek.),
• edgei (of dish) (mech.), edge2 (of road) (cons.), edge3 (of vice) (mech.),
• hundei (gekani) (mek.), hunde2 (anije) (det.),
• nose1 (of hammer) (mech.), nose2 (of ship) (sea),
• kokei (buloni) (mek.), koke2 (gozhde) (mek.), koke3 frezuese) (mek.),
• headi (of bolt) (mech.), head2 (of nail) (mech.), head3 (of milling) (mech.),
• trup1 (vidhe) (mek.), trup2 (anijeje) (det.), trup3 (motori) (mekaniz.), trup4 (buloni) (mek.),
• bodyi (of screw) (mech.), body2 (of ship) (sea.), body3 (of engine) (mechanism), body4 (of bolt) (mech.)
• veshi (dadoje) (mek.), vesh2 (sfurku) (bujq.) etj.
• ear1 (of nut) (mech.), ear2 (of fork) (agric.) etc.
b) terms formed over a meaning of words that denote human clothing and their parts:
• breze1 (muri) (nd.), breze2 (pluhurash) (mek.),
• belti (of wall) (cons.), belt2 (of dust; powder) (mech.),
• kapote1 (motori) (mek.),
• hoodi (engine) (mech.),
• rrip1 (trasmisioni) (mek.), rrip2 (rruge) (nd.),
• belt1 (of transmission) (mech.), belt2 (of road) (cons.),
• veshje1 (zjarrduruese) (mek.), veshje2 (kanali) (nd.),
• clothing1 (fireproof) (mech.), clothing2 (of channel) (cons.),
• xhep1 (pluhurash) (mek.), xhep2 (minerali) (min.) etj.
• pocket 1 (of dust; powder) (mech.), pocket2 (of mineral) (min.) etc.
c) terms formed over a meaning of words that denote parts of trees:
• dege1 (galerie) (min.), dege2 (hekurudhe) (kom.),
• branch 1 (of gallery) (min), branch2 (of railways) (comm.)
• kurore1 (dhembi) (mek.), kurore2 (dhembezori) (mek.), kurore3 (peme) (bujq.),
• crown1 (of tooth) (med.), crown2 (of gear) (mech.), crown3 (of tree) (agri.),
• nyje1 (i sharruar) (nd.), nyje2 (litari) (nd., bujq.), nyje3 (shtylle) (el.),
• knot1 (sawn) (con.), knot2 (of rope) (con., agri.), knot3 (of pillar) (el.),
• rrenje1 (peme) (bujq.), rrenje2 (dhembi) (mek.),
• rooti (of tree) (agri.), root2 (of tooth) (med.),
• trungi (i sharruar) (nd.), trung2 (shtylle) (el.) etj.
• trunki (sawed) (con.), trunk2 (pillar) (el.) etc.
d) terms formed over a meaning of words that denote animals, poultry, and parts of limbs of animals or poultry:
• bishti (frethi) (mek.), bisht2 (sfurku) (bujq.),
• tail1 (of lathe carrier) (mech.), tail2 (pitchfork) (agriculture)
• bri1 (kudhre) (mek.), bri2 (kapësi) (det.) etj.
• horn (of anvil) (mech.), horn (of catcher) (sea.), etc.
e) terms formed over a meaning of words for parts and accessories (tools or devices) that a person uses for personal hygiene:
• furçë1 (diskore) (mek.), furçë2 (kolektori) (mek., nd.),
• brush 1 (disc) (mech.), brush2 (collector) (mech., construction)
• gërshërë1 (elektrike) (el.), gërshërë2 (profilesh) (mek.),
• scissors 1 (electric) (el.), scissors2 (profiles) (mech.),
• tegel1 (saldimi) (mek.), tegel2 (ribatinash) (mek.) etj.
• tegeh (weld) (mech.), tegeh (rivettedjoint) (mech.) etc.
f) terms formed over a meaning of words that denote objects and working tools:
• bosht1 (kardanik) (mek.), bosht2 (lëkundës) (nd.), bosht3 (bobine) (el.),
• shaft 1 (cardan) (mech.), shaft2 (oscillator) (con.), shafts (bobbins) (el.),
• kovë1 (ngjyre) (met.), kovë2 (ekskavatori) (mek.),
• ladle 1 (of slag; slag ladle) (met.), ladle 2 (of excavator) (mech.),
• lopatë1 (turbine) (mek.), lopatë2 (ventilatori) (nd.), lopatë3 (kompresori) (el.),
• blade 1 (of turbine) (mech.), blade2 (of fan) (con.), blade3 (of compressor) (el.)
• urë1 (automobili) (mek.), urë2 (hekurudhore) (nd.), urë3 (orë elektrike) (el.) etj.
• bridge 1 (automobile) (mech.), bridge2 (railway) (con.), bridge3 (of electric clock) (el.) etc.
g) terms formed over a meaning of words that denote kitchen tools and devices:
• lugë1 (llaçi) (nd.), lugë2 (ekskavatori) (mek.),
• spatulla1 (of mortar) (cons.), spatulla2 (of excavator) (mech.),
• pirun1 (kardani) (mek.), pirun2 (bashkori) (mek.),pirun3 (udhëzues) (mek., nd.) etj.
• fork1 (universa;-joint fork) (mech.), fork2 (of clutch) (mech.), fork3 (guide; guide fork ) (mech., cons.) etc.
h) terms formed over a meaning of words that denote buildings and constituent parts inside and outside them:
• derë1 (furre) (mek.), derë2 (zjarrduruese) (mek.), derë3 (dhome) (nd.),
• door1 (of oven) (mech.), door2 (fire-proof door) (mech.), door3 (of room) (cons.),
• dhomë1 (kondensimi) (mek.), dhomë2 (ventilimi) (mek.), dhomë3 (thithjeje) (mek.),
• chamber 1 (of condensation; condensing chamber) (mech.), chamber2 (of ventilation) (mech.), chamber3 (inlet chamber; admission chamber) (mech.),
• kullë1 (ftohëse) (mek.), kullë2 (tharëse) (mek., nd., bujq.),
• tower1 (cooling tower) (mech.), tower2 (drying tower) (mech., cons., agriculture.),
• mur1 (ndrës) (nd.), mur2 (kanali) (nd.), mur3 (galerie) (gjeol.) etj.
• wall1 (divider) (cons.), wall2 (of channel) (cons.), wall3 (of gallery) (geol.) etc.
Conclusion
From what we outlined above, it can be concluded that, on the level of conceptual content, each lexical unit of language is identified as a common word when it falls (is) in the low level, which is presented as the base of the word and as a specialized unit (word or compound word) when it operates in a high level, which is accepted also as the base term. This means that the identity of each unit, term or non-term (ie.), special unit or non-special unit, depends on the level it is used, where the conceptual content is primary and not the form, when the unit is a single word, as described in the examples above, këmbë (njeriu) (fjalë) (Eng. foot [human] [word] and këmbë [minerali] [term]) (Eng. foot [mineral] [term]) or derë1 (fjalë e zakonshme) (Eng. door1 [common word] and derë2 [term në ndërtim]) (Eng. door2 [term in construction] and when the unit is a compound word [two words and more]), where the conceptual content is revealed by the terms of the unit, e.g., këmbë e urës, derë rrotulluese (Eng. foot of bridge, revolving door), etc.
The dictionaries of 1980 and 2006 also serve as a basis for the analysis of technical terms, since in them, the semantic structure of each word is analyzed in more detail and within it, the isolated terminological meanings are more clearly revealed, as well as the cases of transition from one meaning to another (from the common meaning to the terminological one and viceversa). Therefore, the dictionaries of 1980 and 2006 have served and continue to serve as the basis for a broad analysis of the relationships that are established between ordinary words of terms and terms created on the basis of their meaning.
The structure of the words derived from these dictionaries is given in an expanded and complete way, reflecting the meaningful components of the word according to the basic principles of their compilation.
The highlight during the study of the language lexicon concerning the advantage of the content (the concept) before the form has specific importance for the designation of borders of the types of lexicon, as common words (non-terms) and specialized words (term), since often the same unit according to the situation, pass from one level to another (so, its boundaries become mixed). Alternatively, it occupies an intermediate position between the two levels, which complicates its identity as a word or term, as in këmbë, derë, makinë (Eng. foot, door, machine ), etc.
Не указан.
Конфликт интересов
None declared. Список литературы / References
Conflict of Interest
1. Çipuri, H. Zhvillimi i terminologjisë ushtarake në gjuhën shqipe / Çipuri, H. -"Sf', nr.2, Tiranë, 1986. -46-72p.
2. Demiraj, Sh. Gjuha shqipe-Probleme dhe disa figura të shquara të saj / Demiraj, Sh. Tiranë, 2003. -222p.
3. Duro, A. Lindja dhe përhapja e termave në gjuhë / Duro, A. -"GJUHA JONË", nr. 2, Tiranë, 1981. -40-50p.
4. Duro, A. Terminologjia si sistem / Duro, A. -Panteon, Tiranë, 2001.
5. Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe, -AKADEMIA E SHKENCAVE E REPUBLIKË SOCIALISTE E SHQIPËRISË INSTITUTI I GJUHËHISË DHE I LETËRSISË, Tiranë, 1980.
6. Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe, AKADEMIA E SHKENCAVE E SHQIPËRISË INSTITUTI I GJUHËSISË DHE I LETËRSISË , Tiranë, 2006.
7. Memisha, V. Termat-togfjalësh në fjalorët shpjegues të shqipes / Memisha, V. në "Gjendja dhe zhvillimi terminologjisë shqipe. Probleme dhe detyra" -ASHSH dhe ASHAK, Tiranë, 2009. -107p.
8. Pasho, H. Përdorimi i termave të ekonomisë / Pasho, H. -"GJUHA JONË", nr.2, Tiranë, 1982. -33-38p.
9. Pasho, H. Zhvillimi i terminologjisë së ekonomisë pas Çlirimit dhe pasqyrimi i saj në dy fjalorët shpjegues të gjuhës shqipe / Pasha, H. "Sf", nr. 1, Tiranë, 1984, -49-72p.
10. Pllana, G. Formimi i terminologjive teknike shqipe mbi bazën e leksikut të përgjithshëm (Procese të krijimit, të pasqyrimit në gjuhë dhe të standardizimit) / Pllana, G. - QENDRA E STUDIMEVE ALBANOLOGJIKE INSTITUTI I GJUHËHISË DHE I LETËRSISË, BOTIMET ALBANOLOGJIKE, Tiranë, 2017. -109p.
11. Pllana, G., Objekctives of the standardiszation of Technical Terminology Nowadays in Albanian / Pllana, G. -WASET, june 11-12, 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark. -1529p.
12. Pllana, G. Group word terms in the terminology of the theory of mechanics in Albanian and English" / Pllana, G.; Pllana, S. -2nd Symposium of Social Sciences and Humanities PhD Students "Education Culture and Society - Nowadays Challenges", in Wroclaw on 14th-17th of October 2013 at the University of Wroclaw (Poland), 2013.
13. Rrokaj, Sh.; Bello, V. Mbi domosdoshmërinë e një fjalori të termave të gjuhësisë në gjuhën tonë / Rrokaj, Sh.; Bello, V. -Konferencë shkencore "GJENDJA DHE ZHVILLIMI I TERMINOLOGJISË SHQIPE-PROBLEME DHE DETYRA", Tiranë, 2009. -168-178p.
14. Shumeli, A. Disa shënime mbi terminologjinë e agromekanikës në Fjalorin e 1980-ës / Shumeli, A. -"KËRKIME GJUHËSORE" Vëll. II, Konferencë shkencore ndërkombëtare mbajtur më 4 korrik 2013, Tiranë, QSA IGJL, Botimet Albanologjike, Tiranë, 2014. -41-48p.
Список литературы на английском / References in English
1. Çipuri, H. Zhvillimi i terminologjisë ushtarake në gjuhën shqipe [Development of military terminology in the Albanian language] / Çipuri, H. -"Sf", nr.2, Tiranë, 1986. -46-72p. [In Albanian]
2. Demiraj, Sh. Gjuha shqipe-Probleme dhe disa figura të shquara të saj [Albanian language-Problems and some of its prominent figures] / Demiraj, Sh. , Tiranë, 2003. -222p. [In Albanian]
3. Duro, A. Lindja dhe përhapja e termave në gjuhë [Birth and spread of terms in language] / Duro, A. - "GJUHA JONË", nr. 2, Tiranë, 1981. -40-50p. [In Albanian]
4. Duro, A. Terminologjia si sistem [Terminology as a system] / Duro, A. -Panteon, Tiranë, 2001. -21p. [In Albanian]
5. Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe -AKADEMIA E SHKENCACE E REPUBLIKË SOCIALISTE E SHQIPËRISË INSTITUTI I GJUHËSISË DHE I LETËRSISË [Dictionary of today's Albanian language AKADEMIA OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA INSTITUT OF LINGUISTIC AND LITERATURE], Tiranë, 1980. [In Albanian]
6. Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe, -ASHSH INSTITUTI I GJUHËSISË DHE I LETËRSISË [Dictionary of the Albanian language AKADEMIA OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA INSTITUT OF LINGUISTIC AND LITERATURE], Tiranë, 2006. [In Albanian]
7. Memisha, V. Termat-togfjalësh në fjalorët shpjegues të shqipes [Terms-wordgroup in Albanian explanatory dictionaries] / Memisha, V. në "Gjendja dhe zhvillimi terminologjisë shqipe. Probleme dhe detyra" -ASHSH dhe ASHAK [In "The state and development of Albanian terminology. Problems and tasks" -AKADEMIA OF SCIENCES OF ALBANIA and AKADEMIA OF SCIENCES AND ARTS OF KOSOVA], Tiranë, 2009. -107p. [In Albanian]
8. Pasho, H. Përdorimi i termave të ekonomisë [Use of economic terms] / Pasho, H. -"GJUHA JONË", nr.2, Tiranë, 1982. -33-38p. [In Albanian]
9. Pasho, H. Zhvillimi i terminologjisë së ekonomisë pas Çlirimit dhe pasqyrimi i saj në dy fjalorët shpjegues të gjuhës shqipe [Development of the terminology of economics after the Liberation and its reflection in the two explanatory dictionaries of the Albanian language] /Pasho, H. -"Sf", nr.1, Tiranë, 1984, -49-72p. [In Albanian]
10. Pllana, G. Formimi i terminologjive teknike shqipe mbi bazën e leksikut të përgjithshëm (Procese të krijimit, të pasqyrimit në gjuhë dhe të standardizimit) [The creation of the Albanian technical terminology based on general lexicon (Processes of creation, of reflection on language and standardisation) ] / Pllana, G. - QENDRA E STUDIMEVE ALBANOLOGJIKE INSTITUTI I GJUHËSISË DHE I LETËRSISË, BOTIMET ALBANOLOGJIKE [CENTRE OF ALBANOLOGICAL STUDIES INSTITUT OF LINGUISTIC AND LITERATURE], [ALBANOGICAL PUBLICATIONS], Tiranë, 2017. -109p. [In Albanian]
11. Pllana, G., Objekctives of the standardiszation of Technical Terminology Nowadays in Albanian / Pllana, G. -WASET, june 11-12, 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark. -1529p.
12. Pllana, G. Group word terms in the terminology of the theory of mechanics in Albanian and English" / Pllana, G.; Pllana, S. -2nd Symposium of Social Sciences and Humanities PhD Students "Education Culture and Society - Nowadays Challenges", in Wroclaw on 14th-17th of October 2013 at the University of Wroclaw (Poland), 2013.
13. Rrokaj, Sh.; Bello, V. Mbi domosdoshmërinë e një fjalori të termave të gjuhësisë në gjuhën tonë [On the necessity of a dictionary of linguistic terms in our language] / Rrokaj, Sh.; Bello, V. -Konferencë shkencore "GJENDJA DHE ZHVILLIMI I TERMINOLOGJISË SHQIPE-PROBLEME DHE DETYRA" [-Scientific conference "CONDITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALBANIAN TERMINOLOGY-PROBLEMS AND TASKS"], Tiranë, 2009. -168-178p. [In Albanian]
14. Shumeli, A. Disa shënime mbi terminologjinë e agromekanikës në Fjalorin e 1980-ës, në "KËRKIME GJUHËSORE" Vëll. II, Konferencë shkencore ndërkombëtare mbajtur më 4 korrik 2013 [Some notes on the terminology of agromechanics in the 1980 Dictionary, in "LINGUISTIC RESEARCH" Vol. II, International Scientific Conference held on July 4, 2013], QSA IGJL, Botimet Albanologjike [CENTRE OF ALBANOLOGICAL STUDIES INSTITUT OF LINGUISTIC AND LITERATURE, ALBANOGICAL PUBLICATIONS], Tiranë, 2014. -41-48p. [In Albanian]
