TALABALARNING KASBIY BILIMLARI ASOSIDA XORIJIY TILLARNI O‘RGATISHNING MAQSADLARI VA MOHIYATI Текст научной статьи по специальности «Науки об образовании»

ТАЪЛИМ МУАММОЛАРИ

TALABALARNING KASBIY BILIMLARI ASOSIDA XORIJIY TILLARNI O'RGATISHNING MAQSADLARI VA MOHIYATI

Raxmanova Muxayyo NamMQI, o'qituvchisi, +998999855820, nicknamerakhmanova@gmail.com

Annotasiya. Ushbu maqolada oliy ta'limda hozirgacha dolzarbligicha qolgan talabalarga ingliz tili darslarini sohaga bog'lab o'tishning mohiyati va maqsadlari haqida so'z boradi.Talabalarga kasbiga bog'lab til o'rgatilganda qaysi metodlardan foydalanish va darslarni qanday o'tish haqida maslahatlar berilgan.Sohaga oid darslar tashkil etish zamonamiz talabi ekanligi ta'kidlab o'tilgan. Metodikaning kommunikativ maqsadini darslarda qanday tashkil qilish va uning talabalarning til o'rganishidagi foydalari haqida fikr yuritilgan

Аннотация. В данной статье обсуждаются мнения о методике преподавания иностранного языка в Узбекистане, а также отражается современное состояние методики преподавания английского языка для студентов высших учебных заведений. В рамках методики понимания английского языка студентами определены цели и задачи методики и установлены основные принципы психолингвистического, педагогического и методического характера.

Annotation. In this article, opinions about the methodology of foreign language teaching in Uzbekistan are discussed, as well as the current state of the English language teaching methodology for students of higher education institutions is reflected. Within the framework of the methodology of understanding English for students, the goals and objectives of the methodology were determined and the main principles of psycholinguistic, pedagogical, and methodological character were established.

Kalit so'zlar: o'qitish metodikasi, mexanizatsiyalashtirish, psixolingvistik tamoyillar, pedagogik tamoyillar, uslubiy tamoyillar, ingliz tilini o'zlashtirish, jarayon, tahlil, kamchilik, taqqoslash, imkoniyat, taminlash, mustahkamlash

Ключевые слова: методика обучения, механизация, психолингвистические принципы, педагогические принципы, методические принципы, овладение английским языком, процесс, анализ, недостаток, сравнение, возможность, обеспечение, подкрепление.

Keywords: teaching methodology, teaching aims, pedagogical methodological character, framework, principles of psycholinguistic, pedagogical, education, foreign language.

Fan, ta'lim, madaniy-ma'rifiy, iqtisodiy, savdo-sotiq, turizm kabi xalqaro aloqalar rivojlanib borayotgan bir paytda kelajakni yaratuvchi yosh avlodga chet tillarni va chet elliklar bn muomala qilishni o'rgatish davr talabi bo'lib qoldi. Oliy ta'limning turli yo'nalishlarida chet tillarni o'qitishni mutaxassislikka yo'naltirilganlik asosida tashkil qilish bo'lajak mutaxassislarni xorijiy adabiyotlardan foydalanishlari, shuningdek, internet tizimidan o'z kasblariga oid kerakli axborot materiallaridan unumli foydalanishlari uchun zamin yaratadi.

Boshqa fanlar kabi ingliz tili fani ham ko'p qirralidir. Bu haqda o'z davrida B.Gumbolt gapirgan edi. U o'sha davrda til o'rganishni faqatgina qog'ozga tushurilganinigina emas balki nutqda qo'llash haqida ham fikr bildirgan edi. Hozirgi kunda esa tilni ko'pgina qirralari yaqqol namoyon bo'lyapti. Hozir biz fikr yuritayotgan sohaviy metodika ham tilning bir qirrasi desak xato qilmagan bo'lamiz.

Oliy ta'limda chet tillarni talabalar o'rganayotgan kasbga yo'naltirib o'rgatish nafaqat hozir o'zlashtirayotgan bilimlarini balki oldin o'rgangan bilimlarini ham mustahkamlash uchun imkoniyat yaratib beradi. Lekin ushbu o'zlashtiralayotgan bilimlar va imkoniyatlar zamirida fan maqsadlari yotadi. Chet tili o'qitish metodikasi kabi sohaviy metodikada ham ushbu maqsadlar mavjud. Ular quyidagilar:

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1. Kommunikativ maqsad

2. Rivojlantiruvchi maqsad

3. Tarbiyaviy maqsad

4. Ta'limiy maqsad

Har bir maqsadning zamirida albatta talabalarning chet tilidagi ko'nikmalari va malakalarini rivojlantirish turadi. Shunday bir vaziyatda ingliz tili o'qituvchilarining oldida turgan asosiy maqsad ham talabalarda ingliz tili kommunikativ kompetensiyasini rivojlantirishga qaratilgan bo'lishi zarur. "Chet tili kommunikativ kompetensiyasi - o'rganilayotgan chet tili bo'yicha egallangan bilim, ko'nikma va malakalarni muloqot jarayonida qo'llash qobiliyati" bo'lib, bu rasmiy ingliz tilini jonli so'zlashuvga yaqinlashtirishni taqazo etadi. Boshqa maqsadlar kabi kommunikativ maqsad talabalardan tilni aloqa vositasi sifatida o'rganishni, undan fikr almashish vositasi sifatida foydalanish ko'nikma va malakalarini shakllantirish va rivojlantirishni nazarda tutadi. O'z navbatida kommunikativ maqsad ham ikkiga ajratiladi, ya'ni og'zaki nutq ( tinglab tushunish ,gapirish va so'zlash) va yozma HyT; ( o'qish va yozish ).

Oliy ta'limda chet tili fanining birinchi bosqichida tinglab tushunish, gapirish va o'qish ko'nikma va malakalarini shakllantirish va rivojlantirish talab qilinadi. Shu bilan birga chet tilidan aloqa vositasi sifatida foydalanish o'rgatiladi. Bu jarayonning ikki tomonini ko'rib chiqish zarur:

Birinchidan, til vositasida o'zgalar axboroti qabul qilinadi. Bu axborot og'zaki va yozma ravishda bayon qilinishi mumkin. Bu faoliyatlar fanda tinglab tushunish (listening), o'qib tushunish (reading) deb ataladi. Bu esa nutqning retseptiv tomonini tashkil qiladi.

Bunday faoliyatni tashkil qilish bosqichida o'qituvchi talabalarni mutaxassisligiga oid matnlarni tanlashi, matndagi atamalarni o'zbek tiliga tarjima qilishi va talaffuziga e'tibor berishi kerak. Matn ustida ishlashda esa turli xil qiziq mashqlardan foydalanish mumkin. Masalan, mavzumiz " The famous buildings in the world" bo'lsa, o'qib tushunish uchun quyidagicha matnlar, mashqlar tanlashimiz mumkin.

Exercise 1. Read the text about The Statue of Liberty and answer the questions

The Statue of Liberty is one of the most famous landmarks in the world. It is located in the harbor of New York City, USA, on Liberty Island. The statue was a gift from the people of France to the United States and was dedicated on October 28, 1886.

The statue was designed by French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi and its framework was built by Gustave Eiffel, the same engineer who designed the Eiffel Tower. The statue represents Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom, and it holds a torch and tabula ansata (a tablet evoking the law) in its hands.

To visit the Statue of Liberty, people take a ferry from Park in Manhatten of Liberty Island. There, they can explore the statue and the museum located on the island/Visitors can also climb to the crown of the statue for a breathtaking view of New York City.

The Statue of Liberty has come to symbolize freedom and democracy. It was a welcoming sight for millions of immigrants arriving in the USA in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The statue's location on an island in New York Harbor made it one of the first sights seen by immigrants coming to America by ship.

Over the years, the statue has undergone restoration to preserve its copper exterior, and in 1984, the statue was designed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Statue of Liberty stands for the power of freedom and democracy. Its iconic status and historical significance continue to attract visitors from around the world, making it a must-see landmark for anyone visiting New York City.

Exercise 2. Fill in the gaps and translate them into your language

Famous_, located_, dedicated_, designed_, held_,

Liberty_, explore_, breathtaking_, first_, power of

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Exercise 3. Correct the sentences.

1 Its framework was built by Gustave Eiffel, the different engineer who designed the Eiffel Tower

2 There, they can explore the statue and the museum located on the landmark.

3 Visitors can also swim to the crown of the statue for a breathtaking view of New York

City.

4 Its gold status and historical significance continue to attract visitors from around the world.

THE ICE HOTEL

Exercise 2. Read the text and answer the questions

1 When can you check in to this wonderful hotel?

2 What is made this hotel of?

3 When was this building built?

4 Why is this place popular?

Are you keen on skating? Is winter your favorite season? If you are a fan of snow and ice, you should stay at the Ice Hotel in Quebec, Canada. Unfortunately, you can only check in to this hotel during the winter months. Because this hotel is made entirely of ice and snow! This wonderful place is built every December. There are 32 rooms for visitors and 80 guests can stay there each night. There is a movie theater, an art gallery, and a church at this hotel. Of course, all of these parts like the furniture, art, lights, and even plates and glasses for drinking at the hotel are made of ice. Because this hotel is so unusual, it has become very popular with its amazing things. People from all over the world come to the Ice Hotel to see the spectacular view of this architectural design. This place appeals to people with its fantastic ice art, and ice dishes, and experience the unique atmosphere. Some couples have even gotten married in the hotel's ice church. However, all the guests keep their winter coats on! Because of all the ice, the temperature inside the hotel is always between -2 and -5o C. Surprisingly, sleeping is not a problem in the freezing cold hotel rooms. Because some fur blankets and special cold-weather sleeping bags are given to the visitors. These keep them cozy and hot until morning.

Exercise 3. Correct the sentences

1 All of these parts like the furniture, art, lights, and even plates and glasses for drinking at the hotel are made of glass.

2 Some couples have even gotten married in the hotel's mud church.

3 Sleeping is a problem in the freezing cold hotel rooms.

4 Some feather blankets and special cold-weather sleeping bags are given to the visitors.

Ikkinchidan, til vositasida axborotni og'zaki yoki yozma ravishda bayon qilinadi. Bunday nutqiy faoliyat produktiv nutqiy faoliyat deyiladi. Produktiv nutqiy faoliyatga gapirish va yozish kiradi.

Ma'lumki, dars jarayonida o'rgatiladigan ingliz tili bilan jamiyatda, real hayotda qo'llaniladigan ingliz tili orasida tafouvutlar mavjud. Buning yaqqol dalili sifatida shuni ko'rsatish mumkinki, darsda va yana ayrim qo'shimcha kurslarda ingliz tilini darsliklar orqali o'rgangan ko'p sonli o'quvchilar real hayotda undan foydalana olishmaydi. Buning boisi, darsliklarda berib boriladigan grammatik mashqlarning aksariyati haqiqiy, real so'zlashuv kontekstiga mos emas. Bu til ko'nikmalarinigina o'rganishning o'zi yetarli emasligini anglatadi. Ushbu muammolarni chetlab o'tish uchun esa, albatta, darsda produktiv faoliyat retseptiv faoliyat bosqichidan keyin tashkil qilinadi. Darsda ko'proq autentik materiallardan foydalanishga harakat qilishimiz kerak. Autentik materiallar dars jarayonini boyitishga hamda talabalarning til o'rganishga bo'lgan qiziqishini yanada oshirishga yordam beradi. Agar autentik materiallar dasrliklarda keltirilgan o'quv dasturlariga qarab tanlansa, ularni izlash hamda tanlash jarayonida muammoga duch kelinmaydi, shundagina ushbu materiallar uzviylik va mantiqiy

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TAtHHM MYAMMOHAPH

ketma-ketlikka ega bo'ladi. Autentik manbalar tanlashning mohiyati shundaki, til o'rganivchi ushbu materialdan foydalanar ekan, real hayotdagi , ya'ni o'z sohasida ishlatiladigan iboralar, akademik so'zlar va atamalarga duch keladi. Va bunday matnlar tilning asosiy xususiyatlari bilan tanishish imkonini beradi. O'zlashtirilgan grammatik mavzu va bunday sohaga oid autentik matnda yoritilgan so'zlar asosida dialoglar tuzish yoki kichik matnlar yozish vazifasi talabala rga osondek tuyulishi mumkin. Bunda albatta osondan qiyinga qarab ketiladi. Talabalarning til bilish darajalari va imkoniyatlari hisobga olinadi. Bu esa turli xil guruhlarga turli xil darajada mashqlar berishni taqozo qiladi. Shu yo'llar orqali, talabalarga chet tilida gapira olish va yoza olish imkoniyatini bera olamiz, chunki chet tilini o'rgatishning eng asosiy maqsadi talabalarni boshqa tilda so'zlashishga, o'z fikrini bayon qila olishga o'rgatish hisoblanadi. Bu quyidagicha bo'lishi mumkin.

Write the advertisement as an exercise 1.

This charming flat is situated in the center of Tashkent, Yunusabad. This flat is conveniently located on the main road and shopping malls. It is quite expensive but it is very large and modern. There is a modern bedroom with a bed, shelf, carpet, and a comfortable kitchen with a cooker, cupboard, and fridge. Next to the lovely living room, you can see a spacious bathroom with a toilet and shower. You can see the spectacular view of the city from the big balcony.

Exercise 2. Write the advertisement as in exercise 1 above using the sentences in exercise

2.

Namangan Dustlik, lovely dining room, spacious living room, cheap, modern kitchen, small bathroom, wide bedroom.

Exercise 1. You are an architect in the Sky Scrapers company in London. You have to

write about yourself to your boss. You should start with: Hello. I am ............ And, you can

write about your routine, family and friends. You can start with: I wake up.......... Then,

introduce your colleagues who work at your company. You can use: He / She is..........

Bunday namunalarni ko'pgina keltirish mumkin. Bu parchadan ko'rinib turibdiki, har bir qurilish xodimi bo'laman degan talaba bu gaplarga befarq bo'lolmaydi va yuqorida berilgan xona nomlarini yodlab olishga harakat qiladi va o'z nitqida qo'llahga harakat qiladi. Har bir oliy ta'lim o'qituvchisi borki, shu metodni o'z darsida qo'llasa darsi juda qiziq va noan'anaviy bo'ladi deb o'ylayman. Shuningdek, shuni ham ta'kidlab o'tish kerakki nafaqat matnlar, boshqa ko'nikmalar ya'ni grammatik, fonetik, tinglab tushunish va yozish ko'nikmalari ham mutaxassislikka bog'lab, tanlab rejaga kiritilsa , maqsadga muvofiq bo'lar edi.

Hammaga ma'lumki, hech kim hattoki o'z ona-tilisida ham hamma mavzuda bir xil ravon va erkin gaplasha olmaydi, shuning uchun mavzular tanlanayotganda tematika ham cheklanishi kerak, ya'ni, bu mavzular talabalarning qiziqishi va tanlagan kasbi asosida tuziladi va osondan qiyinga qarab ketiladi. Cheklangan mavzular va matnlar talabaning kommunikativ ko'nikma va malakalarini rivojlanishini osonlashtiradi.

Ko'rinib turibdiki, chet tili o'qitish metodikasi bilan sohaviy metodikasi bir biri bilan chambarchas bog'liq. Sohaviy metodika chet tili o'qitish metodikasi faniga suyanadi.

Lekin ushbu fanlararo bog'liqlik sekin asta bosqichma bosqich rivojlantirilishi kerak. Maktabda o'rgatilgan grammatik,fonetik qoidalar va talabaning so'z boyligi sekin asta rivojlantirilishi kerak.

Mutaxassislikka oid matnlar, internet manbalari va kasbga oid terminlar talabalarda chet tiliga bo'lgan qiziqishini orttiribgina qolmay balki o'z mutaxassisliklariga oid chet tilidagi yangi innovatsion yangiliklarni ham o'rganib olishlariga zamin yaratadi. Talabalarda o'rganilayotgan fanga nisbatan havas uyg'otilishi o'sha fanning o'zlashtirilishi uchun keng imkoniyat yaratilishiga sabab bo'lishi hech kimga sir emas.

Hozirgi kunda oliy ta'limlarda talabalarga o'tiladigan fan mavzularini xorijiy

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adabiyotlardan foydalanib keng ,batafsil o'rgatilyapti. Bu esa talabalarga o'z kasblariga oid matnlarni chet tilidan o'z ona tillariga bemalol tarjima qila olish va sohaga oid terminlardan foydalanib matn tuza olish bundan tashqari o'z nutqlarida shu so'zlardan foydalana olish imkonini beradi. Masalan, qurilish yo'nalishi talabalariga qurilishga oid texnikalar,asboblar,xom ashyolar va ushbu kasb sirlari haqida matnlar berilsa,talabalar bu matnlarni chet tilini o'rgangan holda tushunib anglasa va mavzuni nafaqat ona tilida , balki kelajakda chet tilida tushuntirib berishga o'rgansa,bu albatta, hozirgi davr talabida tashkil etilgan darslar sirasiga kiradi.

Xulosa qilib shuni aytish mumkinki, til o'rganishni mahsuldor va qiziqarli qilish, hamda boyitish maqsadida faqat darsliklar bilan cheklanib qolmasdan,sohaga va kasbga doir materiallardan o'quv materiallari tayyorlab, ta'lim berishga chuqurroq yondashilsa ko'zlangan natijalarga samarali erishish mumkin. Chet tilini boshqa fanlar bilan bog'lab o'rgatish darsda talabalarni faol qatnashishiga, o'z mutaxassislaklariga oid yangiliklardan boxabar bo'lishiga, internet manbalaridan bemalol foydalanishiga zamin yaratadi.

ADABIYOTLAR

1. Raxmanova Muhayyo Nabijanovna. (2022). PEDAGOGICAL AND COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS. European Journal of Humanities and Educational Advancements, 3(12), 139-140. Retrieved from https://scholarzest.com/index.php/ejhea/article/view/3080

2. Raxmanova Muxayyo. (2023). METHODOLOGY TO DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS' WRITING SKILL THROUGH TECHNICAL TEXTS. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences, 9, 92-94. Retrieved from https://americanjournal.org/index.php/ajrhss/article/view/452

3. Muxayyo, R. (2023). DEVELOPING STUDENTS'WRITING SKILLS IN TEACHING ENGLISH. Gospodarka i Innowacje., 32, 192-195.

4. CHET TILI TA'LIMINI OLIY TA'LIMDA MUTAHASSISLIKKA BOG'LAB O'TISH MAQSADLARI: CHET TILI TA'LIMINI OLIY TA'LIMDA MUTAHASSISLIKKA BOG'LAB O'TISH MAQSADLARI R Muxayyo - "Qurilish va ta'lim" ilmiy jurnali, 2023

5. QURILISH YO'NALISH TALABALARIDA INGLIZ TILI FANINI O'QITISH METODIKASI: QURILISH YO'NALISH TALABALARIDA INGLIZ TILI FANINI O'QITISH METODIKASI R Muxayyo - "Qurilish va ta'lim" ilmiy jurnali, 2023

6. English for the students who learn economics NI Raimjanova

7. THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES НИ Раимжанова, ИГ Тожахмедова - Science Time, 2016 Цитируется: 73 Похожие статьи Все версии статьи (2)

8. PROBLEMS OF TEACHING SPEAKING IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASSES RN Inamjanovna Science Time, 272-275

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