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TAKING PURE CELLULOSE FROM TOMATO STEM-(SOLÁNUM LYCOPÉRSICUM)
Normatov Gayrat Alijanovich, assistent, the Faculty of chemitry technology E-mail: [email protected] Pimqulov Maxmud Temurivich, Doctor of technical Sciences, Uzbekistan, Tashkent city E-mail [email protected] Ismailov Ikromjon Ibroxim ogli, assistent, the Faculty of chemitry technology E-mail: Ismailov [email protected] Saodatov Azizbek Azamjonivich, assistent, the Faculty of chemitry technology Namangan Institute of Engineering Technology E-mail: [email protected]
TAKING PURE CELLULOSE FROM TOMATO STEM-(SOLÂNUM LYCOPÉRSICUM)
Abstract. In the following article it is searched for taking hemi cellulose from the tomato stem, and the optical functions of chemical reproducing fresh cellulose's fiber instruction which is taken from the tomato stem. Keywords: Cellulose, Hemicelluloses, less cellulose, optical properties.
Introduction
Research aimed onchemical processing of various plants and producing pulp suitable for paper production are carried out in the leading research centers and higher educational institutions of the world, in particular in STFI Institute (Stockholm, Sweden), Madrid Technical University (Spain), Hamburg University (Germany), Tvendensky University (Netherlands), Dresden Technical University (Germany), Berlin Technical University (Germany), Moscow State University (Russia) [1; 2]. As a result of the researches, conducted in the world, on obtaining composite polymeric materials achived a number ofscientific results, including: the new technology of improvement of cellulosequality (Codra Cell, Sweden) has been introduced; technology of transformation ofcellulose from the difficult period of synthesis on the simplified stage (Stockholm, Sweden) has been developed; optimum parametres have been created at obtaining cellulose from various woods and annual plants (Dresden, Germany); introduced into manufacture soda process of obtaining cellulose from wheat straw with cooking in 3% of alkali solution (NaOH) at a temperature of 150 (French Pulp paper research, France). Scientific researches are being carried out worldwide in the field of obtaining composition
polymeric materials on the basis of cellulose, in particular in following priority directions: an intensification of manufacture systems for several times; process management with high precision due to preliminary determination of the factors that influence during the synthesis of products; obtaining cellulose with high molecular weight and its derivatives under the influence of various parameters; modernization of system by correction of various parameters and factors.
Uzbekistan has a very large source of raw materials (guza-paya and rice straw, straw, hemp, etc.) to obtain paper from annual plants [3].
Nowadays, as the demand for paper and paper products is rising, it has called us to obtain other types of paper products. For this purpose, a series of investigations have been carried out.
2. Materials and methods
For obtaining pure cellulose we measured 5gr of hemi-cellulose in the analytical weighning and reproduced that. At the result, pure cellulose was taken. We took each hemi-cellulose and boiled it in the water, alkaline, and nitric acid for 5 hours in 1:40 module. After boiling, all of them was washed in the alkaline and treated in 3% hydrogen. Hemicelluloses which were taken from the tomato stem retreated and obtained pure cellulose (Table 1).
Table 1.- Physical and physical-chemical nominations of tomato stem hemicelluloses
Raw material Chemical treatment condition Length of 10 fibers, mm Capacity mass gr/l The water soak degree of the model,%
1 2 34 5 6
Tomato leaf cellulose hemicelluloses
NaOH, 5%, H2O2 3%, 7% 0.66-0.87 350 166.1
HNO3, 100 °C, 6 hours
Section 14. Chemistry
1 2 34 5 6
Tomato brunch cellulose hemicelluloses 0.82-0.97 400 169.0
NaOH, 5%, 7% HNO3, H2O2 3% 100 °C, 6 hours
Tomato body cellulose hemicelluloses 1.27 440 175.6
NaOH, 5%, 7% HNO3, H2O2 3% 100 °C, 6 hours
Hemicelluloses fibers of tomato stem's body
■ Ji/.' .
WV 'V i
Pure cellulose fibers of tomato stem's body
k, mm
a) b)
Figure 1. The appearance of hemicelluloses of tomato stem and cotton
TAKING PURE CELLULOSE FROM TOMATO STEM-(SOLANUM LYCOPÉRSICUM)
In the next step, cellulose part was filtered, washed by yielding water till the neutral condition and boiled again for 6 hours in 5% nitrate acid. Cellulose separated from the liquid and washed till neutral condition. It was boiled in 3% hydrogen peroxide for 60 minutes. It was left in the room temperature for completing reaction. Whitened cellulose was filtered, washed till neutral condition and dried in the room temperature. It is well known that after chemical retreating the functions of cellulose fibers are changed. We characterized these changes by the characters of capacity mass and water soak degree. In the 3.7 schedule there are given following physical-chemical functions: water soak degree ash quantity, optical nominations and polymer degree. If the soak degree of hemicelluloses which are taken from tomato stem, brunch, and leaf are from 14 about 30%, pure cellulose's water soak degree is higher: from 66 75%. Dimension of fibers- pure cellulose smaller: from 0, 57 0,92mm. Capacity mass of pure cellulose is heavier than hemicelluloses: about 10-15% heavier. The reason is that during the procedure of reproducing hemicelluloses the fiber's dimension is shortened, and condense becomes higher.
General appearance of cellulose fibers which are obtained from tomato stem is given in the 1st pictures: Cellulose fibers of tomato stem differs from the external appearance of the cellulose fibers of cotton wool (Figure 1).
3. Results and discussion
The fibers from the tomato stem are sticky, inaccessible. The reason of that is considered as the fibers were made smaller in the laboratory. The device has an opportunity to access the cellulose fibers. However, in the laboratory we do not have this kind of chance. Though, the difference between the structures of pure cellulose and hemicelluloses can be seen in the pictures. The length and width are close to each other. This is because of the hydrogen's power, namely, the fibers are not separated well from each other.
We have learnt some physical-chemical functions of pure cellulose and the quantity of hemicelluloses which are obtained from tomato leaf, brunch and body. The degree of polymerizing, the quantity of ash and capability for soaking water are also learned. 60% pure cellulose is taken from the hemicelluloses of tomato leaf. More than 10%pure cellulose is obtained from the brunch and body of tomato. The reason of that is considered as the quantity of cellulose of tomato brunch and body is rough. There is a difference in the quantity of ash too. Ash of tomato leaf is more than another part with 1.0-1.5%. Soaking degree of cellulose obtained from all part of tomato is about 13-15%, degree of polymerizing 310-320 too. Tomato stem's cellulose is compared with another products' cellulose in water soaking. The result is in the (Table 2).
Table 2.- Comparison of soaking water of tomato body's cellulose and whitened cotton, Samarakand paper, wheat satalk, cotton (taken from the factory in Yangiyul) cellulose
№ The name of cellulose and paper Quantity of water soaking,0/»
1. Cellulose of tomato stem's body 13,0
2. Whitened cotton wool 3,1
3. Samarkand (from the mulberry bark) paper 7,0
4. Wheat stalk paper 14,2
5. Cotton cellulose (Yangiyul factory) 19,0
4. Conclusion
Whitened cotton wool, Samarkand paper, wheat stalk and Yangiyul cotton cellulose are compared. The result characterized well the structure of the models. The reason is technology. Yangiyul cotton's cellulose soaked more water with 19%. Capability of soaking water of whitened cotton cellulose is almost the same,13-14%. The reason is that the structure of cellulose fibers are nearly the same.
References:
1. The USA. The Cotton Foundation. Journal of Textile Science & Engineering. 3 / 2014.
2. Oliveira R. L. de, Barud H. S., Assungao R. M.N. de, Meireles C. S., Carvalho G. O., Filho R. G., Messaddeq Y., Ribeiro S. J.L. Synthesis and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose produced from bacterial cellulose // Journal of.
3. Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2011.- Vol. 106.- No. 3.- P. 703-709.
