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Section 9. Materials Science
Babakhanova Khalima, doktor of technical sceinces, the Faculty of Printing Тashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry E-mail: halima300@inbox.ru Galimova Zulfiya, assistant, the Faculty of Printing, Тashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry E-mail: GalimovaZ@mail.ru Babakhanova Madina, assistant, the Faculty of Printing Тashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry E-mail: madinaB@inbox.ru
PAPER WITH ADDITION OF LICORICE CELLULOSE
Abstract: This study examines the possibility of using paper based on lint cellulose with addition of licorice cellulose for printing. The physical, mechanical and printing characteristics of paper, were studied towards this end. Keywords: Quality, Printing, Paper, Cellulose, Optical Density, Ink Trapping.
1. Introduction
Paper printability, is determined by printing properties, which are characterized by optical characteristics of a printed copy National Standard [NSt 13-299-87].
The problem of studying the degree of influence on printing characteristics of used paper raw materials and process parameters of its production are examined in the system «Paper machine - Paper - Ink- Printing machine -
Initial raw materials
As initial raw material, the cotton cellulose was used for paper production with given printing characteristics. It is produced from cotton lint (Uzbekistan) with cellulose addition of waste licorice root, which is unfit for use on direct application. However, after appropriate treatment,
Printed copy» (Fig.1.). In the given system for research the output, resulting parameters are quality indices of printed copies, and the input (factor) - initial raw materials for paper production.
The use of lint cellulose in cellulose-paper industry of Uzbekistan Republic, the country of limited timber resources, provides the possibility of producing different paper types with high saturating capacity and chemical uniformity.
Printed
they can be used as raw materials for paper production in accordance with the developed technology. In the work, the study has been made of influence regularities with licorice cellulose addition on printed copy optical density, printing quality.
Figure 1. System approach to control paper-printing characteristics
PAPER WITH ADDITION OF LICORICE CELLULOSE
2. Methods
For sheet formation it has been received a cellulose from licorice root waste according to the developed method under different conditions [17]. To calculate paper density, we used the mass values of square meter and paper thickness and defined it according to NSt 13199-67. The paper ash content was determined in accordance with NSt 7629-77. Paper sponginess, medium size of voids, degree of sizing, smoothness on the Bekka gauge have been determined according to description shown in [18]. The fastness has been determined according to NSt 13199-67. The paper printing characteritics with addition of licorice cellulose: ink accep-
tance and printing through, bonding paper strength and ink trapping have been determined according to methods [19].
3. Results and discussion
In different kinds of raw material the content of cellulose is within 40-60%, in straw footstalks - 30-35%, cotton fibers contain 90-95% of cellulose. According to indices of cellulose from licorice root waste it is shown that licorice contains 85% of cellulose, i. e. it is quite suitable for paper production.
The use of licorice cellulose in cellulose-paper industry will solve the problem concerning not only raw materials but the ecology at the same time due to utilization of licorice root waste and use of hydrogen peroxide instead of carcinogenic sodium hypochlorite.
Tablel. - paper characteristic based on cotton and licorice cellulose
Name of indices Paper by Ratio of Cotton Cellulose: Licorice Cellulose
10: 0 10: 1 10: 2 10: 3 10: 4 10: 5
№ 1 № 2 № 3 № 4 № 5 № 6
Weight of one square meter (g) 81.0 85.0 84.0 87.0 82.0 84.0
Thickness (mm) 0.099 0.100 0.095 0.080 0.101 0.096
Humidity (%) 4.40 6.00 4.50 4.41 4.62 4.50
Sponginess (%) 45.9 42.7 42.9 40.5 46.3 42.1
Sizing (mm) 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Medium size of voids (n) 0.044 0.024 0.031 0.030 0.041 0.033
Density (g/sm3) 0.82 0.86 0.88 0.89 0.84 0.87
Bulkiness (sm3/g) 1.21 1.16 1.14 1.12 1.19 1.15
Roughness (mL/min) Felt side 362 350 340 340 330 315
Roughness (mL/min) Wire side 631 618 600 594 581 580
Tearing strength (mN) 400 412 438 457 472 486
Breakdown force (N/15 mm) 85 80 76 72 65 59
Stretch at breaking point (%) 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.1
The optimum amount of water (from 4.4-6%) in the paper will provide printing process without complications. Short weight of cellulose licorice filled mesh cell of the long fibers,
which is confirmed by the values of sponginess. By medium size of voids of the paper have a microstructure (0.01-0.05 microns). Research roughness showed that matte paper.
Ratio of Added Licorice Cellulose (%)
Figure 2. Diagram of changing whiteness and opacity from percentage ratio of added licorice cellulose
The analysis of paper properties (Table 1) containing licorice and cotton cellulose reaffirms the possibility of using cellulose as additive into paper composition.
According to the research of the results of paper whiteness and opacity (Fig. 2) which define paper printing properties, it
is possible to conclude that the research paper is fit for printing of single-color outputs.
To conclude, the addition of licorice cellulose into paper composition results in increase of smoothness, mechanical strength by 15%, decrease of sponginess by 8.5%. The paper under investigation has medium size void structure.
10:0 10:1 10:2 10:3 10:4 Percentage ratio of added licorice cellulose Figure 3. Dependence of printed copy optical density from percentage ratio of added licorice cellulose
Figure 3 shows the increase of licorice cellulose quantity leads to the increase of printed copy optical density.
Ink trapping shows (Fig. 4) that for all samples more than 50% of ink passes from a plate. The ink transference from a
plate onto a paper is increased with increasing of licorice cellulose content in it.
Percentage ratio of added licorice cellulose Figure 4. Dependence curve of ink trapping from ratio of added licorice cellulose
Thus, the research showed that addition of licorice cellulose into paper mass from cotton cellulose produces positive influence on paper printing properties.
4. Conclusions
By studying physical, mechanical and printing paper properties it has been established that a reduction of paper sponginess by 15% increases the resolution capability - smoothness and provides high legibility of image.
References:
1. National standard Paper, Gap heterogeneity, Indices nomenclature. NSt 13-299, - 1987.
2. Shahidova F. H. and Babahanova H. A. Paper Based Cotton and Licorice Cellulose, Graphic art, - Volume 2. -P. 58-59. - Moskow, - 2011.
3. Shahkeldian B. N. and Klimova E. D. Graphic Art Materials,. Paper and binding materials, Part-1, - Moskow, - 1992.
4. NSt 24356-80, Paper, Method of Printing Characteristics Determination.
