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14favorite and became a nickname. "Neznamovo" from the ancient Russian name Neznam (probably one who did not know his parents) [2, c. 48].
There are also names that characterized when the settlement was founded by its representatives in a certain kind of activity or profession.
The villages of Bocharovka and Shepherd have names that denote a kind of profession, such as a bochar and shepherd, respectively. And the last variety of this section is oikonims, which are based on the names of fauna. In Starokskaya area, examples of such toponyms are the names of Kotovo and Snake.
The following section includes oikonims, the topographies of which reflect the types of villages. Among the toponyms of this section are such as the village of Soldiers. The etymology of oikonim "Soldiers" explains the history of the foundation of this village. According to legend, the first settlers and founders of the village were soldiers - brothers Thomas and Jacob Kortikov, who served on the Belthe line. In connection with the armistice in the Russo-Japanese War, the brothers arrived at the visit and settled here. Hence the name - Soldiers. At that time, as a fee, soldiers were allowed to find free land and settle on it - perhaps soon other fellow Kortikov settled in this way nearby. Since the land was fertile, there was the purest river, meadow and forest nearby - a large village formed here over time.
In our province there is a village, which received its name in honor of its founder. It is the village of Shatalovka. To prove this fact, let 's turn to the history of the village. According to the Census Book of the Old Skok County for 1718, he was the first to settle in the places here, in the village of Potudani Christmas Parish (the future village of Shatalovka), landlord Athanasiy Petrovich Shetalov from the copeymen (category of serving people).
Over time, the name "Shetalovka" changed to the well-sounding "Shatalovka" [3, c. 255].
In the Staroskol district there are seals named after a church holiday or by the name of a church built there. In this regard, it can be assumed that the village of Znamka was named after the Celebration of the Sign of the Holy Virgin. And she sat Archangel and Preobrazhenka respectively on the Archangel and Preobrazhenskiy churches.
The conducted research allows to claim that toponyms of Staroskol district are unique monuments of the history of the region, cultural traditions of our ancestors, features of relief. That is why the study of toponyms in school is a very important aspect for the education of patriotic feelings of schoolchildren. Not knowing the history of the place where you were born and raised means not respecting yourself and your ancestors.
This was said wonderful by Soviet and Russian philologist, cultural scientist, art historian D.S. Likhachev: "The sense of the Motherland needs to be carefully nurtured, instilled spiritual residence. If there are no roots in the native side - there will be a lot of people, similar to the dried-up plant skewy-field. " We agree with the opinion of academician Lihachev and believe that instilling a sense of patriotism is an integral part of education. That is why the study of the history and traditions of the native region in school needs to be paid as much attention as possible.
List of literature
1. Bondaletov V.D. Russian Anomaly: Study. Ped student allowance. Moscow: Enlightenment, 1983. 224 p.
2. Zhilenkova I.I. Toponyms of the Belthe region (system lingvoanalysis of names of settlements): educational manual on linguism. Prod. 2nd - Belgorod: ID "Belgorod," 2012. 124 p.
3. Nikulov A.P. Old Oskol (Historical Study of the Oskol Region.). - Kursk: GUIPP "Kursk," 1997. - 329 p.
4. Fasmer M. Etymological Dictionary of Russian Language/Per. With him. (with additional). - M.: Progress, 1971. - Vol. 3. - 160 p.
5. Encyclopedia Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron. - SPb.: "Terra," 1993, - 355 p.
STYLISTIC TECHNIQUES AND MEANS OF CREATING PUBLICITY
Goga D.A.
Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Scientific adviser —Candidate of Sociological Sciences, docent
Prokopenko Yu. A.
Abstarct. This article discusses stylistic techniques and means of creating journalism in Federal and regional print media in 2016-2018. The main lexical and syntactic means of both creating publicity and artistic expression, which have an emotional impact on the reader, are identified and studied.
Keyword: mass media, artistic journalism, stylistic device, expression._
The mass media have become one of those components of the psychosocial environment of mankind, which claims to be a very powerful factor in the formation of the worldview of the individual and the value orientation of society [Polikarpov, 2002 : http]. Besides, having a certain topicality, the media, namely artistic journalism, is a reflection of modern Russian speech, presenting it in the process of development.
Journalistic style of speech is a functional variety of literary language, actively used in various spheres of public life, including Newspapers and magazines. V. Kostomarov defines the basic stylistic principle of journalism as unity, conjugation of expression and standard, which is the specificity of newspaper speech [Kostomarov1971 : 109].
Among the main linguistic features of the journalistic style, we should mention the fundamental heterogeneity of stylistic means; the use of special terminology and emotionally colored vocabulary, the combination of standard and expressive means of language, the use of both abstract and concrete vocabulary.
Artistic journalism is a unity of information and influencing component, including evaluation and emotionality. For the maximum performance of these tasks in journalism, almost all means of literary language with expression are used. It finds its expression through the use of sentence parcelling, gradation, paragraph division and their unity of command, through the use of techniques of retrospection and prospectus, the presence of a large number of rhetorical questions and exclamations:
"The practice of life was tragic. Dreams lost. And want-simply. Without an occasion. About him" (Maksimov A. Death-not a reason for enthusiasm // RG, № 182, 20.08.2018); "I don't know where you found them or who crosses their cordon; who cares about Switzerland, much less Zealand, pardon me?!" (Bykov D. Hospitable // NG, № 52, 21.05.2018).
Headings and beginnings of texts, which can be constructed as an antithesis, have an important style-forming function: "New old word" (Troitsky A. // NG, № 95, 30.08.2017), "Splendor and poverty of the black sea " (Zhilin
I. // NG, № 105, 22.09.2017), or as occasionalisms: "Submerged" (Bykov D. // NG, № 6, 22.01.2018), "Parapoliticsprocess" (Martynov K. // NG, № 15, 12.02.2018).
The texts actively use oppositions, double negation and the characteristic "from the opposite", which gives them even greater publicity: "Censorship in our country is not, andfoul language is. (... ) First, a resident of Stary Oskol was arrested for three days for swearing on Furmanov street. Second, the state Duma approved a bill on petty hooliganism and, in particular, on punishment for Mat at home"(Bronstein B. Three letters of the law // NG, № 68, 28.06.2017).
Analyzing the literary texts of the Federal and regional press, such means of artistic expression as personifications, comparisons, metaphors and epithets were encountered. For example: TV "suddenly began lie to", from him waited Council, and he "prisovetoval millions shares MMM", he "splash out collected for day information slop" (Makarov Ya. TV, sorry! // BP, № 69-72, 20.05.2016).
Authors of journalistic texts actively use neutral, bookish: "patrimony", "home ownership", "enthusiastic writing", "good-quality", "authenticwindows" (Dudka I. Tag-tag! // BP, № 43, 25.10.2018), colloquial vocabulary: "green serpent", "tarnished reputation", "let go a little" (Vladov W. That have sober on mind // NB, № 36, 14.09.2018), there are speech standards: "it is impossible to ignore", "reverent attitude", "tidbit" (Korenko Yu. "The Best milkmaid of the region" // BP, № 41, 11.10.2018), and speech stamps: "trustplaced", "on the verge of despair", "version of the events" (MartynovK. President and girl in pink // NG, № 31, 26.03.2018), phraseologisms: "And after all, hand on heart, it is impossible not to admit that all this is really enough" (Kharitonov V. Internet and melons // NG, № 91, 21.08.2017), professionalisms and occasionalisms that are carried in the headings of texts: "Submerged" (Bykov D. Submerged // NG, № 6, 22.01.2018), "Porn political process" (Martynov K., Porn political process // NG, № 15, 12.02.2018).
The journalistic style is open to the use of international political vocabulary: "mandate", "parliament", "early election"," temporary office" (Mirakyan N. The Prime Minister is, there is no government // RG, № 116, 30.05.2018), "bureaucracy", "press conference", "missive" (Bykov D. What is read in the Kremlin // NG, № 135, 04.12.2017), and scientific terminology: "zoomed in image", "acoustic sensor", "video recording" (Baitinger E. Smart cameras, panic buttons // BP, №. 49, 06.12.2018).
As producing bases in journalism names of persons, for example, politicians, businessmen are often used: "Nemtsov's bridge"(B.A. Dina YakovlevnaNemtsova. About son // NG, № 12, 05.02.2016), "navalnyata"(Kirillova N. how to scare "navalnyata" // NG, № 140, 15.12.2017), «Leninism» (Khlebnikov O. "We decided here..." // NG, № 73, 11.07.2018), "the Communists-Zyuganovts" (Martynov K., Drain in libertarian // NG, № 82, 01.08.2018), "Zhirinovts"(Khachaturov A. Country of frightened atoms // NG, № 141, 19.12.2018).
The use of vernacular and colloquial vocabulary in the texts was dictated by the creation of the character's speech characteristics: "Two men, indistinguishable in khaki jackets and knitted hats up to their eyebrows, are talking: "Matuskova that have merged? ".— "It is clear, merged, like tomorrow brings down on the homeland". — "What do you mean, home?" — "To Prague!" — "Who told you?" — "Yes, guber, say, for the recovery of the atmospherein labour collectives".— «absolutely freaked out »(Fomina N. Tolyatti at the poultry house // NG, №
II, 03.02.2016).
The syntax of artistic journalism is characterized by frequent fragmentation of sentences-parcelling, which can both convey the author's train of thought and the dynamics of action: "The practice of life was tragic. Dreams lost. And want-simply. Without an occasion. About him" (Maksimov A. Death-not a reason for enthusiasm // RG, № 182, 20.08.2018); "There is a social network. There is no oxymoron. He's a normal professional film" (Bykov D. Time oxymoron // NG, № 18, 19.02.2016).
In the journalistic style, all kinds of one-part sentences are presented: nominative, definite-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal ("Hurray! Satellite! Satellite!" (Glazunov E. Cosmonauts
live on earth // NB, № 14, 14.04.2017), "Ihave two hundred channels here!", "And what kind of transmission? Or a movie? Or the show?", "Not remember", "That's exactly what you're flipping through!" (Shevtsov O. How to save yourself from thinking clips // BP, № 4, 26.01.2017).
All analyzed publications have a pronounced author's opinion and are created using such means of expression as parcelling, rhetorical questions and exclamations, metaphor, retrospection and unity of command, and others.
The authors of journalistic texts actively use neutral, book, spoken and foreign language vocabulary, there are speech standards and stamps, phraseologismsunits, professionalism and occasionalism. In addition, the authors Express expression and thanks to the syntactic means already listed, and with the help of nominative, definitely-personal, vaguely-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal sentences, dialogues and monologues.
All these techniques and tools are used by the authors to give the text more journalistic and expressive, allowing a greater effect on the reader.
References
1. B.A. Dina Yakovlevna Nemtsova. About son // NG, № 12, 05.02.2016.
2. Baitinger E. Smart cameras, panic buttons // BP, № 49, 06.12.2018.
3. Bronstein B. Three letters of the law // NG, № 68, 28.06.2017.
4. Bykov D. Hospitable // NG, № 52, 21.05.2018.
5. Bykov D. Submerged // NG, № 6, 22.01.2018.
6. Bykov D. Time oxymoron// NG, № 18, 19.02.2016.
7. Bykov D. What is read in the Kremlin // NG, № 135, 04.12.2017.
8. Dudka I. Tag-tag! // BP, № 43, 25.10.2018.
9. Fomina N. Tolyatti at the poultry house // NG, № 11, 03.02.2016.
10. Glazunov E. Cosmonauts live on earth // NB, № 14, 14.04.2017.
11. Khachaturov A. Country of frightened atoms // NG, № 141, 19.12.2018.
12. Kharitonov V. Internet and melons // NG, № 91, 21.08.2017.
13. KhlebnikovO. "We are here to decide..." // NG, № 73, 11.07.2018.
14. Kirillova N. "As afraid of "bulk" // NG, № 140, 15.12.2017.
15. Korenko Yu. "The Best milkmaid of the region" // BP, № 41, 11.10.2018.
16. Kostomarov, V. G. Russian on the newspaper page [Text] / R. G. Kostomarov // Moscow: MSU, 1971. — 268 с.
17. Makarov Ya. TV, I'm sorry! // BP, № 69-72, 20.05.2016.
18. Martynov K. Porn political process // NG, № 15, 12.02.2018.
19. Martynov K. Sliv in libertarian // NG, № 82, 01.08.2018.
20. Martynov K. The President and the girl in pink // NG, № 31, 26.03.2018
21. Martynov K. V. Porn political process // NG, № 15, 12.02.2018.
22. Maximov A. Death - not reason for raptures // RG, № 182, 20.08.2018.
23. Mirakyan N. the Prime Minister is, there is no government // RG, № 116, 30.05.2018.
24. Polikarpova, E. V. Axiological functions of mass media in modern society [Electronic resource]. — Access mode: http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Gurn/Polikarp/01.php (accessed: 07.06.2019).
25. Shevtsov O. How to save yourself from thinking clips // BP, № 4, 26.01.2017.
26. Troitsky A. New old word // NG, № 95, 30.08.2017.
27. Vladov W. That have sober on mind // NB, № 36, 14.09.2018.
28. Zhilin I. Shine and poverty of the black sea region // NG, № 105, 22.09.2017.
КРЫЛАТЫЕ ИЗРЕЧЕНИЯ
Фомина Майде Анатольевна,
Преподаватель Шамсиев Кахрамон Камариддинович,
Стажёр-ассистент преподаватель Самаркандский Государственный Медицинский Институт г. Самарканд, Узбекистан
Аннотация. В разных ситуациях мы часто используем знакомые, очень мудрые пословицы. Они делают нашу речь яркой, интересной, образной. Характерно, что можно найти аналогичные пословицы в разных языках.
Resume. Proverbs and sayings are often used in different situations to make our speech bright. We can find adequate proverbs in different languages, i.e. they have the same meaning.
Ключевые слова: изречение, пословица, значение, интерпретация, ситуация, труд, реакция, поступок.
