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1УДК 811.11-112 Научная статья
СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ ВРЕМЕНИ И ПРОСТРАНСТВА В
АНГЛИЙСКОМ И КАЗАХСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
Батаева Ф. А., Жаксылыкова А. Е. Кокшетауский университет имени Абая Мырзахметова (г. Кокшетау, Республика Казахстан)
Аннотация. В статье описываются стилистические средства и приемы, функции которых, помимо прочего, создают художественное пространство и время в английском художественном тексте. Из всех выразительных средств только повторение может создать временной слой, определяющий продолжительность действия. Однако при создании пространственных характеристик используются гипербола, сравнение, персонификация и т.д. Отмечается, что выбор упомянутых средств и функции, которые они выполняют в тексте, создают пространственно-временной континуум, характерный только для литературного стиля.
Ключевые слова: стилистические средства, время, пространство, английский, казахский, перевод, семантика.
Для цитирования: Батаева Ф. А., Жаксылыкова А. Е. Стилистические средства выражения времени и пространства в английском и казахском языках // Наука и реальность. 2024. № 1 (17). С. 93-96.
STYLISTIC MEANS OF EXPRESSING TIME AND SPACE IN ENGLISH AND
KAZAKH
Bataeva F. A., Zhaksylykova A. E. Abay Myrzakhmetov Kokshetau University (Kokshetau, Republic of Kazakhstan)
Abstract. The article describes stylistic means and techniques, the functions of which, among other things, create artistic space and time in the English literary text. Of all expressive means, only repetition can create a temporal layer, determining the duration of the action. However, in creating spatial characteristics, hyperbole, comparison, personification, etc. are used. It is noted that the choice of the mentioned means and the functions they perform in the text create a space-time continuum, characteristic only of a literary style.
Keywords: stylistic means, time, space, English, Kazakh, translation, semantics.
For citation: Bataeva F. A., Zhaksylykova A. E. Stylistic means of expressing time and space in English and Kazakh languages // Science and Reality. 2024. no. 1 (17). pp. 93-96. (in English).
The semantics of space and time has a variety of means of expression at all levels of the language system. The categories of time and space are decisive for the genre orientation of the text, therefore, identifying the means that embody these categories can contribute to the further development of the typology of texts. The article describes stylistic means and techniques, the functions of which, among other things, create artistic space and time in the text of English literary text. Of all expressive means, only repetition can create a temporal layer, determining the duration of the action [1, p. 138]. However, in creating spatial characteristics, hyperbole, comparison, personification, etc. are used.
Stylistic tools are used to give the text an emotional tone, increase expressiveness and create a unique style. The choice of specific tools depends on the purpose of the author, the context, and the audience to whom the text is addressed.
Stylistic means of expressing time and space in English and Kazakh languages are metaphors, epithets, alliteration, etc. may include various linguistic methods such as Let's look at some of the stylistic devices that can be used to express time and space in both languages in a creative and emotional way.
It is noted that the choice of the mentioned means and the functions they perform in the text create a space-time continuum, characteristic only of a literary text. Translation from English to Kazakh requires not only conveying meaning, but also taking into account stylistic features, emotional tone and cultural nuances. Here's how some stylistic devices might look in translation:
The translator should choose words and phrases that most accurately convey the meaning and stylistic features of the original Kazakh language. The translator should take into account which images, metaphors and phrases may be more understandable and relevant for the Kazakh audience. In order for the translation to convey the same tone and mood, it is important to preserve the emotional coloring and intonation of the original. The translator must not only be a master of both languages, but also understand the intricacies of the stylistic design of the text in order to convey not only the meaning of the original, but also the artistic effect [2, p. 93].
Stylistic devices in English:
Metaphors about time: Time is a thief that steals our youth. The city that never sleeps. "Time marches on, never looking back.
Space epithet: "The vast expanse of the desert stretched endlessly."
Alliteration with a spatial meaning: "A gentle breeze blew through the blooming meadow."
Irony about time: "Oh, great! Another flat tire. What a wonderful way to spend my time."
Stylistic tools in the Kazakh language:
Metapor about time: "Ya^biT - 6i3,a,iH, a3aMaTTbi?bi^Tbi anyrao."
Epithet expressing spatial meaning: "kmm64t 6aHTa^TMH aHM^Tan T^p."
Alliteration: "^arbiM,a,bi :em,a,e :a= :aHbin."
Irony: "OraH KeMeK KepceTy YLiH ya^MTTa."
Hiperbole: "I've told you a million times." "MeH caraH mmh, peT aftTTOMMH."
In each of these examples, stylistic methods have a special effect on the description of space and time, making the text vivid, emotional and figurative.
Example of spatial transformations:
"The bustling streets of New York City were alive with the sounds of honking horns and people rushing to work."
"HbR-HopKTiH, ^ap6anac Kernenepi ,m6mctm^ CHrHan,ap MeH :^MMC^a acbi^aH a,aM8apra to?m 6o?,m ».
The translator used "^ap6anac Kernenepi" instead of "The bustling streets" to convey the image and preserve the energy of the place described.
Example of common transformations:
"As the clock ticked, memories of the past flooded back, creating a nostalgic atmosphere in the room."
"CaraT rim co^aH caftbiH, eTKeH kyhhlh, ecTemKTepi rnoFon, 6e?Me,a,e HOCTa?braa?bi^ aTMOcHepaHM Ty8op8o.."
The translation uses "CaraT rim co^aH caftoH" instead of "As the clock ticked," to convey the same chronological nature of events, but taking into account the peculiarities of the Kazakh language.
The linguistic artistic picture of the world conveys a person's attitude to the world, his aesthetic, value orientation, worldview position, therefore the linguistic artistic picture of the world does not so much reflect the world as it embodies the results of human creative activity in a speech work of art. In this regard, it is quite justified to consider the linguistic artistic picture of the world as a component of consciousness that has certain phenomenological properties: a structure and a system of categories, integrity, which can be defined as a sign level of the existence of artistic meanings. The linguistic artistic picture of the world is the zone in which the epistemic approach to man and the world is combined with the axiological, ethical and aesthetic [3, p. 114].
Let's study some examples:
"Oh, great! Another flat tire. What a wonderful way to spend my time."
«0, Be?HKO?enHo! Em,e oaho cnym,eHHoe >o?eco. Ka>OH 3aMeKaTe?bHMH cnoco6 npoBecTH BpeMa».
"0, TaMarna! Taro 6ip 8oH,ra?aB; :apo?on Ya^MTOM^o TaMarna eTKi3eriH
6o?8om!".
In this example, a stylistic technique of irony is used, which emphasizes regret and bitterness about wasted time. If there is no time shift when translating into Russian, then in the Kazakh translation time shifts to the plan of the past, performed action.
"The stars twinkled like diamonds in the night sky."
«3Be3,o Mepu,a?H b hokhom He6e, >a> 6pH??HaHTM».
«^Y?8M3,ap TyHri acnaH,aro rayhap TacTaft :biMbiH,,a,a,a,bi».
The stylistic device of comparison makes the description of place and time of the action romantic and full of love, hope, warmth. Transformations in the translations into Russian and Kazakh occur only in the order of words and are due to the norms of the languages.
As a result of the research, ideas about the system of linguistic means of expressing space and time, about the interaction of lexical and stylistic means of expressing the semantics of space and time were enriched, and the theory of actual sentence division was supplemented with new ways of actualizing space and time in simple and complex sentences.
A comprehensive analysis of the categories of space and time in the linguistic artistic picture of the world from the position of the stylistic direction allows not only to identify and describe linguistic means of different levels with temporal and local semantics, thereby enriching the idea of the semantics of space and time in language, but also to identify universal and peculiar features of categories that are significant for the linguistic artistic picture of the world, manifested primarily in the functions of these linguistic means in a literary work.
References
1. Arutyunova, N.D. Time: models and metaphors of the Text. / N.D. Arutyunova // Logical analysis of language. Language and time. - M.: Indrik, 1997. - pp. 51-61.
2. Punin, H.H. Khlebnikov and the State of Time Text. / H.H. Punin // The world of Velimir Khlebnikov. - M.: Languages of Slavic culture, 2000. - pp. 159-174.
3. Tkacheva, P.A. Art space as the basis for the interpretation of the art world: diss. candidate of philological sciences Text. / P.A. Tkacheva. Tver, 2002. - 211 p.
BaTaeea (po3a AcaHOBHa, KaH8H,aT H<?onorHKecKHx HayK, ,a,ou,eHT, KoKmeTayoHH yHHBepcHTeT HMeHH A6aa Mbip3axMeToBa (r. KoKrneTay, Pecny6?HKa Ka3axcTaH).
Bataeva Froza Asanovna, candidate of philological sciences, Abay Myrzakhmetov Kokshetau University (Kokshetau, Republic of Kazakhstan).
: asanfroza@gmail.com
^aKCbi?biKOBa AfiflaHa Ep5o?Kbi3bi, MarHcTpaHT, KoKmeTaycKHH yHHBepcHTeT HMeHH A6aa MMp3axMeToBa (r. KoKrneTay, Pecny6n<Ka Ka3axcTaH).
Zhaksylykova Aidana Erbolkyzy, master's student, Abay Myrzakhmetov Kokshetau University (Kokshetau, Republic of Kazakhstan).
fl,aTa nocTynneHHa: 13.02.2024
© EaTaeBa A., ^aKcbmbmoBa A. E., 2024
