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45Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
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STYLISTIC ASPECT OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES IN ENGLISH AND
UZBEK
Shukurov Shuhrat Muhiddinovich
MA student, Minnikulov I.U.,
PhD in Philological Sciences, Uzbekistan State University of World Languages Email: [email protected]
The article is devoted to the analysis of stylistic aspect of conditional sentences in English and Uzbek. It contributes to the development of comparative typology in general, syntactic typology of two genetically non-related languages in particular. In particular, it compares stylistics of conditionals in compared languages. The results of the study as follows: a) conditional sentences in both languages are stylistically marked so that the emotional and expressive effect should be placed on the reader; b) the ungrammaticality of the conditional constructions in English are observed so as to exert a stylistic effect; a rhetoric question of main clause and repetition of subordinate clauses in Uzbek and a complex sentence consisting of main and subordinate clauses in Uzbek are means of producing a stylistic impact on a reader.
Keywords: stylistics, style, language use, conditionals, conditional form, conditional meaning, conditional sentence.
Статья посвящена анализу стилистического аспекта условных предложений в английском и узбекском языках. Это способствует развитию сопоставительной типологии вообще, синтаксической типологии двух генетически неродственных языков в частности. В частности, сравнивается стилистика условных предложений в сравниваемых языках. Результаты исследования следующие: а) условные предложения в обоих языках стилистически маркированы таким образом, чтобы эмоционально-экспрессивное воздействие должно было воздействовать на читателя; б) соблюдается неграмматичность условных конструкций в английском языке для оказания стилистического эффекта; риторический вопрос главного предложения и повторения придаточного в узбекском языке и сложное
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ABSTRACT
АННОТАЦИЯ
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предложение, состоящее из главного и придаточного предложений в узбекском языке, являются средствами стилистического воздействия на читателя.
Ключевые слова: стилистика, стиль, употребление языка, кондиционалы, условная форма, условное значение, условное предложение.
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, preservation, scientific research and analysis of the linguistic richness of each nation in its native language is one of the important tasks facing the field of linguistics. In particular, an in-depth study of the field of linguistics, which is closely related to the mutual cultural values of peoples, the study of linguistic riches such as sentences that are a direct part of it, and the analysis of factors contributing to the enrichment or decline of peoples' syntactic knowledge. Stylistics as one of the branches of linguistics plays an important role in language research. Especially, comparative stylistics is of great importance in revealing language identity and cultural differences in compared languages. In the process of globalization, many researchers have begun to study the interrelationships of cultures and explored the interrelationships between the concepts of linguistics and culture. In the process of conducting lingvocultrological research, scientists have identified the active and inactive language layers among the world's languages and made a conceptual and empirical analysis of the factors that led to its developmental stages. English, which has become a common language in the international arena, was also selected. As a result, the integration of cultures has highlighted the need to make English an international language of communication.
LITERATURE REVIEW
We state that stylistics deals with language styles used in various contexts. In particular, stylistics is an approach that investigates the various styles used in language. Literary stylistics, on the other hand, refers to the study of style in literary language. "It can be regarded as the study of the fusion of form with content". Stylistic analysis, mainly, plays an essential role in comprehending and understanding a literary work. It, usually, studies the styles and techniques that an author uses in composing his literary work.
In addition, a viewpoint that stylistics is concerned with language choice according to a context is also claimed by us in our research. The choice of linguistic elements is determined by the pragmatic axis or the syntagmatic axis, for instance, the writer can choose between 'dead' and 'pass away'. His / her choice is determined by his / her personality, since every person has his / her own distinctive features that
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 4/2 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
distinguish him / her from one another. Thus, the style of any person may be shaped by his social and political background, his education, geographical location, etc.
R. Bradford states that "Stylistics provides us with details description of the text in hand and as a result, deepens the process of interpretation and evokes critical thinking (Bradford, 1997, 12). Stylistics can tell us how to name the constituent parts of a literary text and enables us to document their operations, but in doing so it must draw upon the terminology and methodology of disciplines which focus upon language in the real world". On the other hand, Crystal and Davy (1969), as mentioned by Ogunsiji, says that, "The aim of stylistics is to analyze language h abits with the main purpose of identifying from the general mass of linguistic features common to English as used on every conceivable occasion. Those features which are restricted to certain kinds of social context, to explain, where possible, why such features have been used, as opposed to other alternatives, and to classify these features into categories based upon a view of their function in the social context".
So, stylistics are concerned with the following issues: language styles used in different contexts; the individual style (the author's style); language choice according to a context.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this research, qualitative analysis is used. In addition, linguistic description (to describe main issues of stylistics, to review related literature), stylistic analysis (to reveal stylistic properties of conditional sentences in compared languages), comparative analysis (to reveal allomorphic and isomorphic features of stylistics of conditional sentences in compared languages) methods are used. The research is theoretical by nature. Research materials are conditional sentences in the literary works of English and Uzbek writers.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Now, it is essential to analyze the stylistic features of conditionals in compared languages.
Example 1: But he seems calm, he thought, and following his plan. But what is his plan, he thought. And what is mine? Mine I must improvise to his because of his great size. If he will jump I can kill him. But he stays down forever. Then I will stay down with him forever. (Ernest Hemingway, The old man and the Sea, 1952, 29).
Example 2: They spoke of her as a contestant or a place or even an enemy. But the old man always thought of her as feminine and as something that gave or withheld great favours, and if she did wild or wicked things it was because she could
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not help them. The moon affects her as it does a woman, he thought. (Ernest Hemingway, The old man and the Sea, 1952, 15).
Example 3: Each line, as thick around as a big pencil, was looped onto a green-sapped stick so that any pull or touch on the bait would make the stick dip and each line had two forty-fathom coils which could be made fast to the other spare coils so that, if it were necessary, a fish could take out over three hundred fathoms of line. (Ernest Hemingway, The old man and the Sea, 1952, 15).
From the examples (1,2,3) above, it is clear that in English literary texts, especially, in the work of The old man and the Sea by E.Hemingway, the conditional sentences are selected and used for the sake of the expression of the aim of the author. Stylistically, such sentences are marked so that the emotional and expressive effect should be placed on the reader. In the examples above, the conditional constructions are built in a way which is not grammatically correct. For example, according to the standard English, after the conditional conjunction if the future present suffix will is not used, but in the sentence above, the suffix will is used as a result, it produces an emotional impact on the reader. Here, the conditional meaning is forced and as a result, emotional and expressive effect is achieved.
Now, it is essential to analyze stylistic aspect of the conditional sentences in Uzbek.
Example 1: «Х,али менга осиляпсанми? Сен менинг кимлигимни сураяпсанми? - буви угай кизнинг оркасидан газабланарди.- Агар мени худо жазоламаганда, агар у менинг беш гудагимни багримдан юлиб олмаганда, ёлгиз углим ун саккиз ёшида урушда уцца учмаганда, чолгинам, мехрибонгинам Татар сурув билан буронда кртиб крлмаганда, мен сиз, урмон одамларининг орасида юрармидим? Мен сенга ухшайманми, сенга-я, тугмас? Мен кариган чогимда сенинг жиннисифат отанг Мумин билан яшаб юрармидим? ^айси айбим - гунохларим учун сен мени бунча кийнадинг, лаънати худо? (Chingiz Aytmatov, Oq kema,1970, 14).
It is clear from this example, in Uzbek, conditional sentence is too long. It consists of main clause and subordinate clause. The main clause is in the form of a question, particularly, a rhetoric question. A specific feature is that the subordinate clauses are composed of four clauses, two of which are marked by the conditional conjunction if, whereas the other two are unmarked, without the conditional conjunction. Here, the emotiveness is achieved by means of a conditional sentence, as the sentences is repeated (repetition of stylistic devices); it consists of 4 clauses of
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 4/2 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
antecedent clauses and one head clause. So, here a stylistic coloring is due to a rhetoric question of main clause and repetition of subordinate clauses.
Example 2: У яна мактабида якинда узларининг урмонида пайдо булган уч бугу хакида кандай килиб хикоя килиб беришигача уйлаб куйди, яъни бугуларнинг ок ургочиси - бу уша Шохдор она бугу, унинг каттагина ва бакувват боласи хам бор, улар билан улкан шохли бахайбат кунгир бугу хам бирга, у жуда кучли булиб, Шохдор она бугу ва унинг болаларини бурилардан куриклайди. У яна шулар билан бирга, агар бугулар шу ерда цолиб, х<еч цаёцца кетиб цолмаса, унда Шохдор она бугу тезда Уразкул амаки билан Бекей холага сехрли бешик келтириб беришини %ам уцкоя цилишни кунглига тугиб куйган эди. (Chingiz Aytmatov, Oq kema, 1970, 58).
In this sentence, we can see that the conditional sentence consists of main clause and a subordinate clause. The main clause is complex by its structure. It consists of a complex sentence. The subordinate clause is also expressed by a long sentence. Here, a stylistic effect is achieved by a complex sentence consisting of main and subordinate clauses.
Example 3: Тохир ёмон бир фалокатни олдиндан сезгандай юраги увушди: -Шошилмай гапир! Сузган булса, цон оцдими?
-Кон? Х,а, ха.. Кон тиркираб кетди.
-Ундай булса курцма. Тушдаги кон - ёруглик. Отам доим шундай дейди.
-Тангрим шу таъбирни рост келтирсин! Тохир ога, мен... Агар Андижонга сиз бормасангиз... мен х<ам кетмасмен. Неки булсак, шу ерда... бирга... (Pirimqul Qodirov, Yulduzli Tunlar, 1978, 3).
The example clearly shows that the first conditional sentence Сузган булса, кон оцдими? is expressed by without a conditional conjunction, the verb form "sa" is used to express the conditional meaning. This is a specific feature for Uzbek, and the inversion is also observed, the meaning is compensated by the context here, such linguistic means are useful to express stylistic meaning. The second conditional sentence Ундай булса курцма is characterized by a specificity such as indicative pronoun instead of a sentence, and imperative form as a main clause. So, some linguistic means in the component of conditional sentence are helpful to place a stylistic effect on the reader.
CONCLUSION
As results of our investigation, the following conclusions on the comparative stylistics of conditionals in English and Uzbek are drawn: a) conditional sentences in
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 4/2 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
both languages are stylistically marked so that the emotional and expressive effect should be placed on the reader; b) the conditional constructions in English are built in a way which is not grammatically correct so as to place a stylistic impact on a reader; a stylistic coloring is due to a rhetoric question of main clause and repetition of subordinate clauses in Uzbek and a stylistic effect is achieved by a complex sentence consisting of main and subordinate clauses in Uzbek.
REFERENCES
1. Bradford. R, (1997), Stylistics, London and New York: Routledge.
2. Chingiz Aytmatov. Oq kema.-Toshkent: Adabiyot uchqunlari, 1970.-158 b.
3. Hemingway, Ernest. 1952. The Old Man and the Sea. London, England: Arrow Books.
4. Ogunsiji, A. (2013). Literary Stylistics. Nigeria. National Open University of Nigeria: School of Art and Social Sciences.
5. Pirimqul Qodirov. Yulduzli tunlar.-T.: Yangi asr avlodi, 2015.-668 b.
