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DOI:10.29013/AJT-24-5.6-33-38
STUDYING THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND FILTERABILITY OF INTERMEDIATE, FINAL SOLUTIONS AND SUSPENSIONS FORMED WHEN PROCESSING SULFATE-CONTAINING SALTS
Ulashova Nafisa Aktam kizi1, Kucharov Bakhrom Hayrievich1, Erkaev Aktam Ulashevich 2, Kim Rimma Nikolaevna1, Zakirov Bakhtiyar Sabirzhanovich1, Olimov Tolmas Farkhodovich 2
1 Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Academy
of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
2 Institute of Chemical Technology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Cite: Ulashova N. A., Kucharov B. H, Erkaev A. U, Kim R.N., Zakirov B. S, Olimov T. F. (2024). Studying the Rheological Properties and Filterability of Intermediate, Final Solutions and Suspensions Formed When Processing Sulfate-Containing Salts. Austrian Journal of Technical and Natural Sciences 2024, No 3 - 4. https://doi.org/10.29013/AJT-24-5.6-33-38
Abstract
The purpose of the research was to study the rheological properties and filtration rate of glaserite and schenite suspensions depending on the L:T ratio. Experimental studies have established that changes in the density and viscosity of the formed suspension depend on the L:S ratio and the characteristics of the constituent salts of the system. And the filtration rate of glaserite suspensions fluctuates in the ranges of 1937.10^2056.33 kg/h • m2, and for the solid phase - with an increase in the L:S ratio, an increase in filtration rate is observed, which ranges from 404.98-2165.80 kg /h • m2. When using chenite suspensions, the filterability in the liquid phase is in the range of 1940.10^2234.90 kg/h • m2. The solid phase filtration rate fluctuates in the ranges of 550.81^1996.25 kg/h • m2, sediment moisture is on average 2.5-2.6% lower, and the filtration rate is on average 100-200 kg/h • m2 more than glaserite sediments. Keywords: system, rheology, density, viscosity, filtration, potassium sulfate, fertilizers, sulfate salts, astrakhanite, schenite, glaserite
Introduction
The potash industry is characterized by very high rates of development. Potassium is one of the most important nutrients for agricultural crops. Its deficiency in the soil leads to a significant decrease in soil fertility (№ PP-3236 dated August 15, 2017).
In terms of the amount of potassium fertilizers used per hectare of arable land, our country lags behind developed countries. A persistent deficit in potassium fertilizers has determined their primary use for industrial crops and vegetables. The yield of grain crops is determined mainly by the natural fertility of the soil. Wider use of potash fertilizers for grain
crops is one of the most important reserves for their productivity (Osichkina R. G., Popov V.S., Tilyakhodzhaev Kh. -№5003.-12.07.84).
The specialization of Uzbekistan in cotton production necessitated the creation of the development of the chemical industry in the republic and its subordination, first of all, to the tasks of intensifying cotton growing. For each hectare of crops, an average of 220-250 kg of nitrogen, 100-120 kg of phosphorus pent-oxide and 90-70 kg of potassium fertilizers (K2O) are applied. As a result of an agrochem-ical survey of irrigated lands in Uzbekistan, it was found that on 75% of the areas of cotton-growing areas and as a result of the use of insufficient doses of potassium fertilizers, the removal of potassium with the harvest and annual leaching of saline lands, the soils are depleted of exchangeable potassium.
The need for potash fertilizers in cotton growing in Uzbekistan alone reaches more than 800 thousand tons. The need to increase the norms of potassium fertilizers has been proven not only for cotton, but also for other crops (corn, melons, fodder), which will further increase the demand for potash approvals (Kurnakov N. S., Shoikhet D. N., SFHAD 984). Chlorine-free potassium fertilizers can also be obtained from glauconite and through complex processing of alunites and syenites. However, further research is needed to select the most rational ways of processing and using this type of raw material (Sokolovsky A. A., Unanyants T. P., 1977.).
Further development should be achieved by enterprises producing potassium fertilizers by converting potassium chloride into sulfate salts chenite, langbeinite, glaserite, as-trakhanite, etc. Several schemes for the conversion production of potassium sulfate have been proposed, in particular options where iron sulfate, an industrial waste, is used as a sulfate component - inorganic pigments and etching of metals with sulfuric acid. This method as a whole also does not solve the problem of chlorine-free potassium fertilizers (Sedletsky V.I. 1982, Popov B.S., Osichkina R. G., Dep. VINITI. -No. 3232. 1981).
In the Central Asian region, it is possible to organize the production of potassium sulfate on the basis of local raw materials of sulfate salts (thenardite, mirabilite, astra-khanite) from the salt deposits of the Aral
Sea region (Akkala, Kushkanataw), located in Karakalpakstan. Reserves of mirabilite at the Akalinskoye deposit alone exceed 2 billion tons (Mirzakulov Kh. Ch., Zhuraeva G. Kh., Kh.Ch. Mirzakulov, G.Kh. Zhuraeva. 2014).
Methods and materials
The density of solutions was determined by the hydrometric method according to GOST (state standard) 18481 for general purpose with a division scale of 1 kg/m3 (0.001 g/cm3), the error in the accuracy of the results ranges from 0.0005 to 0.02 g/cm3 (GOST (state standard) 18995.1-73. 2004). Viscosity was determined using a glass capillary viscometer brand VPZ (hanging level viscometer) in the temperature range 10-40 °C, the maximum deviation of which is ± 0.02 mm (GOST (state standard) 10028-81. 2005).
The sodium and potassium content in the obtained samples was determined according to the GOST (state standard) 20851.3-93 method (GOST 20851.3-93. 1995). To determine the composition of an aqueous solution, sulfate ions were determined according to the GOST (state standard) 8.315 method (GOST 24024.12-81. 1981) and the permissible relative error of the certified value was no more than 1.0%. Chlorine ion was determined according to the GOST (state standard) 4245-72 methods.
Results and discussion
For the purpose of physical and chemical substantiation, development of scientific foundations and technology for processing salt deposits of the Aral region and obtaining potassium sulfate from sulfate deposits with the establishment of optimal process parameters, an analysis of the solubility diagram of the system 2Na+, 2K+, Mg2+, // SO42-, 2Cl- - H20 was carried out by isothermal method at temperatures 25, 50 and 75 °C (Kucharov B. Kh., Zakirov B. S., A.U. Erkaev, Z.K. Toirov, O. A. Mursaev, N. A. Ulashova. 2016, Kucharov B. Kh., Zakirov B. S., Erkaev A. U., Orak-baev A. A., Reymov, 2019, Kucharov B. Kh., Zakirov B. S., Erkaev A. U. 2019).
From the results of a theoretical analysis of the solubility diagram, it was revealed that the salt deposits of the Aral region mainly consist of sodium or magnesium sulfates and/or their mixtures at certain ratios.
We also investigated the physicochemical properties of sulfate deposits of the Aral region (astrakhanite, glaserite and schenite), which can serve as raw materials for the production of potassium sulfate (N.A. Ulashova, Kucharov B. Kh., Erkaev A. U., Zakirov B. S. 2024).
Basedonatheoreticalanalysisofthesolubil-ity diagrams of 2Na+, 2K+, Mg2+//SO42-, 2Cl--- H20 at 0; 25 and 75 °C, to provide practical recommendations for the processing of salt deposits, we have proposed a technological scheme. The process of producing glaserite and shenite is carried out using potassium chloride from "Dekhkanabad Potash Fertilizer Plant" JSC and astrakhanite from salt deposits of the Aral region. The technological process includes the following main stages:
- loading a circulating solution, potassium chloride, astrakhanite into the reactor, followed by conversion at 75 °C;
- filtration and separation of glaserite from the solution;
- adding the calculated amount of potassium chloride to the mother solution and dissolving;
- filtration and separation of chenite from the solution at 0 °C;
This article provides data on the study of the rheological properties and filtration ability of the suspension that is formed during the complex processing of astrakhanite, glaserite and schenite with potassium chloride.
When studying the rheological properties of the resulting suspension of glaserite and schenite, the L:S ratio was maintained from 1:1 to 4:1, and the temperature varied from 0 to 45 °C.
The obtained data are shown in (tables 1 and 2) and (figures 1-4). The tables and figures show the rheological properties of gla-serite and chenite solutions and suspensions. Table 1 shows that the rheological properties of glaserite suspensions with increasing temperature to 25 °C - the viscosity and density of the suspensions gradually increase, a further increase in temperature leads to a decrease in the density and viscosity of the formed suspensions. It was revealed that at L:S = 2:1 and L:S = 4:1, the maximum values of these parameters are observed at low temperatures than at high temperatures. This fact gives us reason to assume that the formation or splitting of double crystalline hydrates with single salts occurs.
Table 1.Rheological properties of the suspension during the conversion of Na2SO4 with potassium chloride
No. Ratio
Density, p g/cm3, at temperature, °C.
Viscosity, n, mm2/sec at temperature, °C.
1 2
3
4
5
L:S 1:0 1:1 2:1 3:1 4:1
10 1.213 1.282 1.242 1.240 1.237
25 1.210 1.271 1.282 1.243 1.288
40 1.205 1.260 1.240 1.230 1.221
10 1.750 2.231 2.220 2.022 1.830
25 1.642 2.091 1.932 1.851 1.733
40 1.412 1.635 1.528 1.417 1.322
Table 2. Rheological properties of the suspension during the conversion of MgSO4 with potassium chloride
Sample number corresponds to the table 1
Density, p, g/cm3, at temperature, °C
Viscosity, n, mm2/sec, at temperature, °C
0 15 30 45 0 15 30 45
1 1.144 1 140 1.138 1.134 1.930 1.8130 1.6769 1.4870
2 1.147 1 149 1.158 1.166 1.990 1.9040 1.8740 1.7060
3 1.155 1 158 1.170 1.170 2.144 2.0377 1.9607 1.4550
4 1.175 1 177 1.170 1.179 2.419 2.3940 2.3500 2.1449
5 1.224 1 235 1.221 1.217 - - - -
Figure 1. Change in suspension density depending on process parameters
Figure 2. Change in suspension viscosity depending on process parameters
From (Table 2) it follows that with an increase in temperature from 0 to 45 °C and with an increase in the S:L ratio from 1:1 to 4:1, the viscosity of the suspension decreases. When the S:L ratio changes from 1:1 to 4:1 and the temperature from 0 to 45 °C, an increase in the density of the formed suspen-
sions is observed, which is in the range of 1.134 - 1.1224 g/sm3. This is probably due to the characteristics of the constituent salts included in this system.
Table 2 shows the rheological properties of the schenite suspension.
Figure 3. Change in suspension viscosity depending on process parameters
Figure 4. Change in suspension viscosity depending on process parameters
1,3 -,-.-,-,-■-■-.-.-1—►
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Temperature, °C
Table 3. Filtration rate of glaserite and shenite suspensions, kg/(m2 m hour)
Sample When using Na2SO4
numbers Accord-
correspond By liquid ing to
to numbers phase the solid
table 1 phase
Solids
moisture,
%
When using MgSO4
Accord-By liquid ing to phase the solid phase
Solids moisture, %.
1953.35 2056.33 1984.40 1937.10
404.98 545.43 1021.16 2165.80
14.690 10.790 16.601 7.720
1940.10 2037.51 2234.90 2134.90
580.81 802.65 1186.20 1969.25
11.72 12.61 10.56 7.23
Table 3 presents data on the filterability of glaserite and chenite suspensions.
As follows from the data obtained, within the studied limits of L:S variation, the filtration rate of glaserite suspensions in the liquid phase fluctuates in the ranges of 1937.10^2056.33 kg/h • m2, and in the solid phase, with an increase in the L:S ratio, an increase in the rate is observed filtration, ranging from 404.98-2165.80 kg/h • m2. Precipitation humidity ranges from 7.72-16.60%.
When using chenite suspensions, the fil-terability in the liquid phase is in the range of 1940.10^2234.90 kg/h • m2. A similar pattern is observed in the solid phase: the filtration rate fluctuates in the ranges of 550.81^1996.25 kg/h • m 2, the sediment moisture is on aver-
age 2.5-2.6% lower, and the filtration rate is on average 100-200 kg/h • m 2 more than in glaserite sediments.
Conclusion
Thus, in order to provide practical recommendations for the production of potassium sulfate from sulfate salt deposits, we studied the rheological properties and filtration rate of suspensions that are formed during the complex processing of astrakhanite, glaserite and schenite with potassium chloride. It was established that changes in the density and viscosity of the formed suspensions depend on the L:S and the characteristics of the constituent salts of the system.
References
Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan № PP-3236 dated August 15, 2017
"On the program for the development of the chemical industry for 2017-2021". Osichkina R. G., Popov V. S. Tilyakhodzhaev Kh. N. Types of ores of the Gaurdak suite of the Upper Jurassic halogen formation of Central Asia. // Dep. VINITI. - No. 5003.12.07.84. - 110 p. [in Russian]
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Forecast of potassium in the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous halogen formations of the south of Central Asia. - Geology and conditions for the formation of potassium salt deposits. - L.: VNIIG, 1982. [in Russian] Popov B. S., Osichkina R. G. Problems of potash fertilizers in Central Asia. // Dep. VINITI. -
No. 3232. -1981. [in Russian] Mirzakulov Kh. Ch. , Zhuraeva G. Kh. Production of sodium sulfate. - Tashkent: Publishing
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-Minsk: Standards Publishing House, 1995.- 44 p. [in Russian] GOST (state standard) 24024. 12-81. Phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus compounds. Methods for determining sulfates. - M.: Standards Publishing House, 1981. - 4 p. [in Russian]
GOST(state standard) 4245-72. Methods for determining chloride content Interstate standard. - P. 487-492. [in Russian] Kucharov B. Kh., Zakirov B. S., Erkaev A. U., Toirov Z. K., Mursaev O. A., Ulashova N. A. Graphic modeling of the system Na+, K+, 1/2Mg2+ //1/2 SO42-, Cl- - H2O at 25 °C. // Uzbek chemical journal. - Tashkent. 2016. - No. 3. -WITH. 19-25. [in Ru ssian] Kucharov B. Kh., Zakirov B. S., Erkaev A. U., Orakbaev A. A., Reymov A. M. Volume diagram system Na+, K+, 1/2Mg2 + // 1/2SO42-, Cl- - H2O at 0 °C. // Science and education in Karakalpakstan. - Nukus. 2019. - No. 1. - P. 34-39. [in Russian] Kucharov B. Kh., Zakirov B. S., Erkaev A. U. Study of the process of conversion of astrakhanite potassium chloride. // International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. - Vol. 06. - Issue 06; June, 2019. [ISSN: 2350-0328]. - Rr. 97759780.
Ulashova N. A., Kucharov B. Kh., Erkaev A. U., Zakirov B. S., Physico-chemical studies of astrakhanite processing // International scientific-online conference "Innovative achievements an science 2024". - Russia. 2024. - Part 25. - Issue 1. - P. 132-134. [in Russian]
submitted 13.06.2024;
accepted for publication 27.06.2024;
published 30.07.2024
© Ulashova N. A., Kucharov B. H., Erkaev A. U., Kim R.N., Zakirov B. S., Olimov T. F. Contact: [email protected]
