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57
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/AJT-16-11.12-36-44
Adurasul Mamataliev, Senior staff scientist applicant, "Phosphate fertilizer" laboratory Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Shafoat Namazov,
Doctor of science, professor, chief of "Phosphate fertilizer" laboratory, Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected] Atanazar Seytnazarov, Doctor of Science, chief scientist, "Phosphate fertilizer" laboratory Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
E-mail: [email protected] Beglov Boris,
Doctor of Science, academician, "Phosphate fertilizer" laboratory Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
E-mail: [email protected] Alimov Umarbek,
PhD in technique, senior scientist "Phosphate fertilizer" laboratory, Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected]
Ammonium Nitrate Melt, Ammonium sulphate and phosphogypsum based nitrogen-sulphur containing fertilizers and their commodity
Abstract: In this article the samples of nitrogen-sulphur containing fertilizers in which the molar ratio of ammonium sulphate to ammonium nitrate varied from 1:1 to 1:8, have been prepared. The phosphogypsum, waste production ofJSC "Ammophos-Maxam", as additive was used in amount of 5; 10 and 15% of the total weight of ammonium nitrate-sulphate. The composition, density, viscosity, strength and dissolution rate of granules, hygroscopic point of water vapor sorption kinetics and sorption moisture capacity to them was determined. The introduction of 62.3% of ammonium sulfate and 15% of phosphogypsum into the melt of ammonium nitrate increases the strength of the product granules from 1.32 to 7.86 MPa.
Keywords: ammonium nitrate, melt, ammonium sulfate, phosphogypsum, nitrogen-sulphur containing fertilizer composition, and properties.
Introduction explosion hazard. The third drawback is determined
Ammonium nitrate is a concentrated, efficient and the by its composition. The ammonium nitrate is half the
most common in the world as a nitrogen fertilizer [1]. In nitrogen in the ammonium form and the other half is in
Uzbekistan, three major JSC "Maxam-Chirchik", "Navoi- the nitrate form. Nitrate nitrogen in the soil is not fixed
azot" and "Ferghanaazot" produce ammonium nitrate in the and washed out of ammonium nitrate in terms of the
amount ofmore than 1 million 750 thousand tons per year. normal moisture and irrigation. Therefore, ammonium
However, ammonium nitrate has some drawbacks. nitrate is not used for fertilizing of winter crops during
Firstly, it is caking during the storage. Secondly, it is its sowing spring and autumn is as the main fertilizer. These
drawbacks can be eliminated, if on the basis of ammonium nitrate to produce ammonium nitrate sulfate. Ammonium form of nitrogen is being in the ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate is in a well available to plants that is relatively a little mobile and is washed out of the soil [2]. The advantage of ammonium sulfate — nitrate to ammonium nitrate is also the presence of sulfur in it, which is a part of proteins and amino acids in the formation of the crop. According to the physiological role of sulfur in plant nutrition should be put on the third place after the nitrogen and phosphorus [2].
For the first time mechanical mixture, and ammonium nitrate melt with ammonium sulphate were made in Germany [3]. The higher the content of ammonium sulfate in ammonium nitrate, the less is hygroscopicity, caking and explosiveness. About decrease of ammonium nitrate explosibility in the presence of ammonium sulfate is in [4-6]. In [4], it was investigated that the influences of chlorine, sulfate and nitrite ions on ammonium nitrate decomposition in a strongly acidic aqueous solution at its boiling temperature. It has been found that sulphate ions do not revealed catalytic activity in the decomposition of NH4NO3 as opposed to chlorine ions, which allow the rapid expansion of NH4NO3 to N2O and H2O.
In [5] the ammonium nitrate was modified by chemical fertilizers, such as (NH )HPO , NHHPO,
' v 4'2 4 4 2 4'
(NH )SO , and K SO NH Cl, and then it was mixed
v 4'2 4' 2 4 4 '
with fuel oil and sawdust to produce explosives. It is found that the detonation of explosives is not started in the presence of 25% (NH4)2SO4 in a modified NH4NO3.
In [6], the non explosive composite material is patented, comprising ammonium sulfate nitrate. As product has the following composition: 14-35% of ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4; 60-85% of a double salt (NH4)2SO4 •
• 2NH4NO3; combination ofthe double salt (NH4)2SO4 •
• 3NH4NO3 and ammonium nitrate is up to 5%. This material is used as a fertilizer, which has the necessary level of nitrate ions. It has an excellent stability against detonation, higher density, and humidity resistance.
Let no one be confused by the above-mentioned double salts. These salts were discovered in the study of solubility in the system of(NH4)2SO4 - NH4NO3 - H2O wide temperature from -20 to + 100 °C and the concentration range [7-13] and in the melting system of NH4NO3 - (NH4)2SO4 [14].
In agriculture, it is widely used that product containing 65-67% of sulphate and 33-35% of ammonium nitrate (this molar ratio of (NH4)2SO4: NH4NO3 is slightly greater than unity), obtained by simple mixing of these salts. Before entering the salts are screened of large caked
pieces subjecting to crushing in the mixer, and then ammonium sulfate heat to 120 °C, and ammonium nitrate to 40-60 °C [3].
The most advanced approach for preparing ammonium sulphate nitrate is a dry mixture of ammonium sulfate with 83% solution of ammonium nitrate. Mixing is carried out in screw machines, from which the mass with approximately 6% of moisture content. This mass is crushed between two cast-iron rollers with spikes, dried to 0.1-0.2% of moisture content in a tumble dryer and dissipated.
The fraction with the larger size pieces more than 4 mm is crashed and returned to the screen, and the fraction ofparticles less than 0.8 mm are returned to the mixer.
It can be obtained the ammonium sulfate nitrate by neutralization ofa mixture ofsulfuric and nitric acids. The carbonator reactor equipped with a stirrer, is simultaneously fed a 50% nitric acid, 68% sulfuric acid and ammonia. Because the exothermicity and neutralization reaction a temperature in the saturator reaches 145-150 °C and heat is enough to vaporize the water introduced with acids. The gases (ammonia) from the saturator and water vapor flow into the distillation column from where the ammonia is returned to the saturator. Continuously melting that flows from the reactor contains 2.5-3% free acid. Excess melt acidity decreased to 0.1-0.3% by introducing ammonia into neutralizer-down. The melt containing 9798% dry salt and 2-3% moisture from neutralizer-down is directed to crystallization, which is carried on the surface ofthe cooling drum. [3]. The neutralized mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids also can be dried and granulated in the apparatus equipped fluidized bed [15].
Melt containing 80% of ammonium nitrate and 20% of ammonium sulfate can be granulated and in the granulation towers [16-18].
Currently, the Russian has developed the production of complex fertilizers, nitrogen sulphate NS 32: 5 (ammonium nitrate with the addition of 21% ammonium sulfate). This corresponds to a mole ratio of (NH4)2SO4: NH4NO3 = 1: 6) [19]. The novel sulfur-containing nitrogen fertilizer does not rebate, and in some cases exceed standard forms of nitrogen fertilizer on the effect on the yield and quality of grain of spring wheat.
Nitrogen of the fertilizers are better absorbed by this plant, its application rate is more than by 21%, and nitrogen washing out from the soil is less than with ammonium nitrate [20, 21]. In [19] it was shown that the introduction of sulfate anions in the form of ammonium sulfate in the ammonium nitrate melt leads to reduction initial rate of thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate and
no increase of the decomposition rate during the process in comparison with the kinetic laws decomposition of pure ammonium nitrate.
As effect observed is associated with a reduction in the concentration of molecular nitric acid in the melt due to its ionization with sulfate anion. Under the same environmental conditions explosion safety of high-temperature processing of complex fertilizers based on ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate mixtures are higher than for ammonium nitrate, produced as a fertilizer.
We have been also conducted studies to obtain ammonium nitrate melt based nitrogen-sulphur fertilizers with the additive in it two perspective additives, ammonium sulfate and phosphogypsum, composition, physico-chemical and product properties are summarized in this study.
Materials and Methods
As crystalline ammonium sulfate previously milled in a porcelain mortar until the particle size of0.063 mm. Phosphogypsum is from JSC "Ammophos-Maxam" that is in the form of calcium sulfate as dihydrate (CaSO4-2H2O) with a moisture content of18-20%. Therefore, before adding it to ammonium nitrate, the latter is dried in an oven at 90 °C, and then it is milled in a porcelain mortar. Composition of the dry phosphogypsum (wt.%.): P2O5total. 1.59; PO
2 5accep* P2OQwat.sol* 1.12; Ca0totaT 37.47; Ca°
3totaT
. 54.49; SO
3accep.
accep
. 27.4;
19.08; CaO t ,. 11.26; SO
' wat.sol '
SO3 t ,. 16.88.
3wat.sol
Experiments were carried out as follows. AN sample is melted in a metal cup by electric heating. Ammonium sulfate was added to the nitrate in an amount such that the ratio ofthe starting components (NH4)2SO4: NH4NO3 mixture is ranged from 14.5: 78.8 to 59.2%: 32.096.
Phosphogypsum additive is taken in amount of 5; 10 and 15% of the total weight of the mixture. The mixture was thoroughly stirred. The melts were kept at 190 °C for 15 minutes. The melt is poured into the granulator, representing the thimble with a perforated bottom, the diameter of the hole was at 1.2 mm. With pump the top of the thimble are pressurized and the melt was sprayed on the tenth floor of a building on the plastic film, lying on the ground. The fertilizer granules obtained were analyzed according to known techniques [22]. Pellet strength measurement was performed on the devise MIP-10-1 [23]. It should be note that when mixing the melt of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate with phosphogypsum according to the ratio of NH4NO3: CaSO4 • 2H2O in varying degrees double decomposition reaction occurs: 2NH4NO3 + CaSO4-2H2O -
■ Ca (N03)2 + (NHXSO4 +
+ 2H20
Therefore, we tested how the conversion is in the ammonium nitrate melt. Determining the degree of conversion of NH4NO3 was performed as described in [24].
There was studied the dissolution rate of the granules 2 mm. To this pellet was sunk into the glass with 100 ml of distilled water and observing visually, fixed time of its complete dissolution. The temperature was room was, and the test was five-time.
The nitrogen-sulphate fertilizers melt density determined by pycnometric method, and viscosity — viscometer using WPJ-2. For this purpose samples ofnitrate with the addition of ammonium sulfate and phosphogypsum melted, mixed thoroughly, cooled to room temperature and milled. The resulting powders were injected into the pycnometer, and the viscometer, which is then placed in a thermostat filled with glycerol.
Thermostat temperature was raised to a predetermined value. The powder in the pycnometer and vis-cometer melted. If the melt level is not reached in the pycnometer mark powder added to it. And if the melt exceed the mark, the excess melt cleaned by cotton placed on the end of the wire. Temperature was controlled with a contact thermometer.
The melt is kept at a predetermined temperature for 5-7 minutes, and then the measurements were made.
Point hygroscopic of fertilizer granules with size 2-3 mm at 25 °C is determined by exsiccator method [25]. Sorption moisture content of fertilizers also determined exsiccator method [25] with a relative humidity of 48.5; 62.5; 69.5; 80; 90 and 100%. For these samples of fertilizer is above the acid kept for 31 days. The results are shown in Table. 1, 2, and 3 and Fig. 1-3.
Results and its discussion
As it is seen from Table 1 that with increasing amounts of ammonium sulfate injected into melt of ammonium nitrate, from 14.5 to 59.2% decreased the total nitrogen content in the product from 27.58% to 24.89%, while the sulfur content is increased in the product from 6.63% to 15.27%. With increasing amount of additive phosphogypsum from 5 to 15%, the sulfur content is also increased from 4.89 to 6.63% at a ratio of (NH ) SO : NH NO = 1: 8, and from 15.27 to 15.96%
4 2 4 4 3
when (NH4)2SO4: NH4NO3 = 1:1. With increasing fraction as ammonium sulfate and phosphogypsum in ammonium nitrate melt increased strength of the resulting fertilizer granules. Thus, the strength of the granules of ammonium nitrate (mark "pure") is 1.32 MPa (0.67 kg/granule). Most maximum strength of granules of ammonium sulfate nitrate reached 7.86 MPa at a ratio of (NH4)2SO4: NH4NO3 = 1:1 with 15% of phospho-
Table 1. - Composition and commodity properties nitrogen-sulphur containing fertilizers
CO (0
Ratio of initial components Content in the products, weight,% Conversion degree of NH NO,, 4 3' % Strength of granule, MPa Complete dissolution time of granule, sec.
NH NO, 4 3 (nh4)2so4 Phosphogypsum (CaS04-2H20) n , total N am m. N . nit.. S
Гр анулир о в анный NH4N03 марки «ч» 100 - - 35 17.50 17.50 - - 1.32 44.6
(NH4)2S04.8NH4N03 78.8 16.2 5 29.86 16.12 13.74 4.89 3.58 6.46 76.34
(NH4)2S04.8NH4N03 74.6 15.4 10 29.14 16.09 13.05 5.77 5.22 6.52 77.72
(NH4)2S04.8NH4N03 70.5 14.5 15 27.58 15.26 12.32 6.63 6.87 6.60 79.20
(NH4)2S04.7NH4N03 76.9 18.1 5 30.64 17.21 13.43 5.38 6.35 6.68 82.48
(NH4)2S04.7NH4N03 72.8 17.2 10 29.02 16.31 12.71 6.22 8.44 6.72 84.04
(NH4)2S04.7NH4N03 68.8 16.2 15 27.37 15.35 12.02 7.10 10.08 6.74 85.90
(NH4)2S04.6NH4N03 74.5 20.5 5 30.23 17.27 12.96 5.96 9.12 6.82 88.62
(NH4)2S04.6NH4N03 70.6 19.4 10 28.66 16.35 12.31 6.78 11.55 6.88 90.14
(NH4)2S04.6NH4N03 66.6 18.4 15 27.08 15.44 11.64 7.59 13.20 6.90 91.76
(NH4)2S04.5NH4N03 71.4 23.6 5 29.82 17.34 12.48 6.68 12.89 6.98 94.52
(NH4)2S04.5NH4N03 67.7 22.3 10 28.24 16.41 11.83 7.46 14.71 7.03 96.08
(NH4)2S04.5NH4N03 63.9 21.1 15 26.74 15.58 11.16 8.25 16.38 7.06 97.54
(NH4)2S04.4NH4N03 67.3 27.7 5 29.29 17.54 11.75 7.69 16.26 7.13 100.20
(NH4)2S04.4NH4N03 63.7 26.3 10 27.76 16.63 11.13 8.44 17.82 7.19 101.98
(NH4)2S04.4NH4N03 60.2 24.8 15 26.18 15.67 10.51 9.17 19.61 7.21 103.82
(nh4)2so4.3nh4no3 61.3 33.7 5 28.45 17.75 10.70 9.16 19.43 7.29 107.20
(nh4)2so4.3nh4no3 58.1 31.9 10 26.91 16.77 10.14 9.79 21.02 7.33 108.56
(nh4)2so4.3nh4no3 54.8 30.2 15 25.47 15.89 9.58 10.45 22.67 7.37 110.34
(NH4)2S04.2NH4N03 52.1 42.9 5 27.14 18.05 9.09 11.38 22.20 7.45 113.54
(NH4)2S04.2NH4N03 49.3 40.7 10 25.72 17.11 8.61 11.89 24.14 7.51 114.82
(NH4)2S04.2NH4N03 46.6 38.4 15 24.28 16.14 8.14 12.46 25.87 7.59 116.24
(nh4)2so4.nh4no3 35.8 59.2 5 24.89 18.64 6.25 15.27 25.76 7.69 119.42
(nh4)2so4.nh4no3 33.9 56.1 10 23.56 17.65 5.91 15.59 27.38 7.77 121.08
(nh4)2so4.nh4no3 32.0 53.0 15 22.25 16.67 5.58 15.96 29.03 7.86 124.34
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gypsum. In this case, the product contains 22.25% of N and 15.96% of S.
The same parameters at a ratio of (NH4)2SO4: NH4NO3 = 1: 8 with the addition of 5% phosphogypsum equal to 6.46 MPa, 29.86% and 4.89%, respectively. When the same ratio of (NH ) SO,: NH NO , but with the ad-
4 2 4 4 3
dition of 15% of phosphogypsum contains by 27.58% of N and 6.63% of S, granule strength is 6.60 MPa.
High strength fertilizer granules of the nitrogen-sulphate indicate its thermal stability.
The introduction of ammonium sulfate phosphogyp-sum into the melt of ammonium nitrate increases the degree ofconversion ofammonium nitrate to calcium nitrate.
Thus, if the ratio of (NH4)2SO4: NH4NO3 = 1: 8 with a 5% of phosphogypsum addition conversion degree of
Table 2. - Rheological properties of ni
ammonium nitrate is 3.58% at the 15% of phosphogypsum addition, this indicator rises to 6.87%. When the ratio of (NH ) SO,: NH NO = 1: 1 ammonium nitrate
4 2 4 4 3
conversion degree increases from 25.76 to 29.03%.
The time of complete dissolution of granules of pure ammonium nitrate is 44.6 seconds. With the increase of the share as ammonium sulfate and phosphogyp-sum in the mixture with ammonium nitrate, time completely dissolution of nitrogen-sulphur fertilizers granules has been growing steadily and reach its maximum 124.34 seconds for sample with the ratio of the starting components (NH4)2SO4: NH4NO3 = 53%: 32% to 15% addition of phosphogypsum. This suggests that the resulting fertilizer will slowly washing out of the soil than pure ammonium nitrate. gen-sulphur containing fertilizers melt
Ratio of initial substances components Phosphogypsum content in the mixture, % Density, (g^m 3) at temperature, °C Viscosity, fcps) at temperature, °C
175 180 185 190 175 180 185 190
(NH4)2SO4 • 8 NH4NO3 5 1.589 1.578 1.565 1.557 8.14 7.68 7.22 6.76
(NH4XSO4 • 8 NH4NO3 10 1.621 1.612 1.598 1.589 8.98 8.47 7.98 7.49
(NH4XSO4 • 8 NH4NO3 15 1.654 1.643 1.629 1.620 9.82 9.29 8.76 8.22
(NH4)2SO4 • 7 NH4NO3 5 1.685 1.675 1.661 1.653 10.65 10.11 9.53 8.95
(NH4)2SO4 • 7 NH4NO3 10 1.716 1.706 1.693 1.681 11.49 10.86 10.31 9.68
(NH4XSO4 • 7 NH4NO3 15 1.749 1.739 1.724 1.714 12.33 11.72 11.07 10.41
(NH4XSO4 • 6 NH4NO3 5 1.782 1.771 1.757 1.746 13.17 12.45 11.84 11.14
(NH4)2SO4 • 6 NH4NO3 10 1.817 1.803 1.790 1.779 14.01 13.31 12.62 11.87
(NH4)2SO4 • 6 NH4NO3 15 1.848 1.836 1.822 1.805 14.84 14.07 13.38 12.63
(NH4)2SO4 • 5 NH4NO3 5 1.873 1.867 1.856 1.838 15.69 14.88 14.15 13.35
(NH4)2SO4 • 5 NH4NO3 10 1.906 1.899 1.885 1.870 16.52 15.60 14.93 14.06
(NH4)2SO4 • 5 NH4NO3 15 1.940 1.931 1.918 1.899 17.36 16.49 15.69 14.82
(NH4)2SO4 • 4 NH4NO3 5 1.974 1.964 1.953 1.931 18.20 17.32 16.46 15.54
(NH4)2SO4 • 4 NH4NO3 10 2.012 1.997 1.984 1.962 19.05 18.11 17.24 16.27
(NH4)2SO4 • 4 NH4NO3 15 2.037 2.025 2.016 1.993 19.87 18.87 18.01 16.99
(NH4)2SO4 • 3 NH4NO3 5 2.069 2.058 2.045 2.024 20.71 19.68 18.78 17.73
(NH4)2SO4 • 3 NH4NO3 10 2.103 2.091 2.079 2.055 21.55 20.46 19.55 18.45
(NH4)2SO4 • 3 NH4NO3 15 2.131 2.123 2.112 2.086 22.39 21.25 20.32 19.21
(NH4)2SO4 • 2 NH4NO3 5 2.166 2.155 2.147 2.117 23.22 22.09 21.09 20.96
(NH4)2SO4 • 2 NH4NO3 10 2.198 2.188 2.170 2.148 24.06 22.86 21.87 21.68
(NH4)2SO4 • 2 NH4NO3 15 2.225 2.219 2.206 2.179 24.90 23.64 22.63 22.42
(NH4XSO4 • NH4NO3 5 2.260 2.252 2.238 2.210 25.73 24.47 23.46 23.04
(NH4)2SO4 • NH4NO3 10 2.292 2.284 2.271 2.243 26.57 25.28 24.12 23.27
(NH4)2SO4 • NH4NO3 15 2.326 2.309 2.292 2.275 27.41 26.17 24.86 23.54
Further studies determined the rheological proper- As seen from the above materials, the density
ties of fertilizers melts derived. The results are summa- and viscosity of the ammonium nitrate melt significantly rized in Table 2 above. decreased with increasing amount of additives. Pure am-
monium nitrate is melted at 170 °C melts and naturally flows. However, addition of phosphogypsum and ammonium sulphate leads to increase of its melting point.
The mixture of ammonium nitrate with a molar ratio of ammonium sulfate and phosphogypsum at molar ratio sulphate to nitrate varying from 1: 1 to 1: 8 begins to melt at 175 °C and while the melt has a high viscosity, but it is flowing easily. An increase in the mass fraction of ammonium sulphate with 14.5 to 59.2 of (NH4)2SO4 and phosphogypsum addition and from 5 to 15% increases the density and viscosity of a nitrate-sulphate melt at 175 °C from
Table 3. - Hygroscopic point and moisture
1.589 to 2.326 g/cm 3 and 8.14 to 27.41 cps, respectively.
With an increase the temperature of the melt viscosity and density is decreased.
Fluid state of the melts of two-component fertilizer with the addition of ammonium sulfate and phosphogypsum in ammonium nitrate gives possibility to granulate them in the granulation tower.
There are given below the results of determination of hygroscopic point, kinetics of water vapor sorption and sorption moisture capacity of nitrogen-sulphur fertilizer granules (Table 3).
of the nitrogen-sulphur containing fertilizers
No samples Ratio initial components Content in the products, weight.% Hygroscopic point, % Moisture, %
NH NO, 4 3 (NHASO4 Phosphogypsum (CaSO4 • 2H2O)
1 (NH4)2SÜ4 • 8 NH4NO3 78.8 16.2 5 47.8 0.60
2 (NH4)2SÜ4 • 8 NH4NO3 74.6 15.4 10 47.5 0.63
3 (NH4)2SO4 • 8 NH4NO3 70.5 14.5 15 47.3 0.65
4 (NH^SÜ4 • NH4NO3 35.8 59.2 5 52.7 0.42
5 (NH4)2SO4 • NH4NO3 33.9 56.1 10 52.4 0.44
6 (NH4XSO4 • NH4NO3 32.0 53.0 15 52.1 0.46
7 NH4NO3 mark «ch» 100 - - 62.0 0.20
Table 3 presents data of initial moisture content of the first sample is 0.60%, the second 0.63%, the third — 0.65%, the fourth — 0.42%, the fifth — 0.44%, the sixth — 0.46%, the seventh — 0.20% (AN mark "pure"). Values of the hygroscopic points for the tested fertilizers are the following: for the first sample — 47.8%, for the second — 47.5%, for the third — 47.3%, for the fourth — 52.7%, for the fifth — 52.4%, for the sixth — 52.1% and for the seventh sample (AN) — 62.0%. Relative humidity in Uzbekistan is characterized by the following figures: the average monthly minimum — 46%, the average maximum — 74%, average — 60%. According to a scale hygroscopic of N. E. Pestova, all samples of ammonium sulfate-nitrate are highly hygroscopic, i. e. they are more hygroscopic than the original ammonium nitrate. The reason for the low value hygroscopic points ofproducts is due to the fact that the salt mixture is more hygroscopic than its component parts [26].
Fig. 1 and 2 show that the kinetic curves of water vapor sorption by granules of fertilizers under isothermal conditions at 25 °C and a relative humidity are 48.5; 62.5; 69.5; 80; 90 and 100%.
As can be seen from Fig. 1 and 2, with relative humidity of 80; 90 and 100% for all samples equilibrium is achieved within the test period. When humidity 69.5% pure AC (sample 7) and for samples 1, 2 and 3 is also
not established an equilibrium during the test period. For the fourth, fifth and sixth samples the equilibrium occurs only after 29-31 days. When the relative humidity of 62.5% is for samples 1-6 equilibrium occurs within 10-12 days, and for the seventh sample (pure AN) in 4 hours. At a humidity of 48.5% for samples 1-6 equilibrium is reached within 4-5 days. In this sample moisture sample -7 is not moistened, but it is dried.
Sorption moisture content is the most important indicator of the quality of fertilizers, for such it indicates the maximum amount of water absorbed, in which fertilizers retain their appearance and friability. Fig. 3 presents the curves of sorption moisture capacity for fertilizer samples as 1; 4; 6 and 7. The curves for samples 2, 3 and 5 are not shown in the figure, for such they are very close to curves for samples 1, 4 and 6. From this figure can be seen that the pure AN (sample 7) at 48.5% moisture air naturally does not absorb moisture, and the first, fourth and sixth samples adsorb 3.08; 2.91 and 2.76% of moisture, respectively. However, the granules retain their original appearance and friability. At a relative humidity of 62.5% in the first sample moisture content reaches 6.87% in the fourth — 6.75%, in the sixth — 6.58% in the seventh (pure AN) — 1.80%. The granules thus maintain their appearance, but it is lumped a bit.
When the relative humidity of 69.5%, moisture increase in pure AN is 27.9%, in the first sample is 26.27%, in the fourth — 24.15% and in the sixth — 23.08%. At the same time, all samples are liquefied. It was found that the granules of pure AN when the moisture 3.5%
strongly become compressed and lose their friability, and nitrogen-sulphur fertilizer samples retain the appearance and friability even when the moisture content of 5-6%. When the moisture equal to 7%, granules lose their ability to sowing only.
Figure 1. The kinetics of water vapor sorption by samples of nitrogen-sulphur fertilizer at a relative humidity: 1-48.5%; 2-62.5%; 3-69.5%; 4-80%; 5-90%; 6-100%
Figure. 2. The kinetics of water vapor sorption pure AN under relative moisture: 1 - 62.5%; 3 - 69.5%; 4 - 80%; 5 - 90%; 6 - 100%
Figure 3. Dependence sorption moisture AN and nitrogen-sulphur fertilizers from the relative moisture
Conclusion sulphur fertilizer produced based on ammonium nitrate
Thus, the results of the determination of physico- melt, ammonium sulfate and phosphogypsum should be
chemical properties show that novel kind of nitrogen- backed in paper or plastic bags.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/AJT-16-11.12-44-46
Nabiyev Akram Botirjonovich, lecture of Namangan State University, Republic of Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected]
Researching of influence of the electromagnetic field to the petroleum viscosity
Abstact: In this research work the results of influence of electromagnetic field on reologic peculiarity of petroleum are given. Also was observed decreasing more than 20 °C of energy of active of petroleum influence on electromagnetic field.
Keywords: high-viscosity reologic peculiarity, flowing, electromagnetic field, high frequency
It is commonly known that, during the transporta- Fluidity: some factors affect especially on reologic
tion of high-viscosity oil via pipelines, the increasing peculiarity of oil which is inclined, such as its compo-of its fluidity is of prime importance. nent, structural functions, temperature, physical and
