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Kurbanbaev Ilkham Djumanazarovich, doctor of biological sciences, Scientific secretary, Institute of Genetics and plant Experimental Biology of the Academy Of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
E-mail: ilhomak@mail.ru. Yunuskhanov Shavkat, doctor of biological sciences, professor, chief of laboratory biochemical genetics, Institute of Genetics and plant Experimental Biology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
E-mail: yushavkat@mail.ru. Narimanov Abdujalil Abdusamatovich, doctor of agricultural sciences, professor, director, Institute of Genetics and plant Experimental Biology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
E-mail: igebr_anruz@mail.ru. Azimov Abdulahat Abdujabborovich, Senior researcher, Ph D., Institute of Genetics and plant Experimental Biology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
E-mail: igebr_anruz@mail.ru.
STUDYING OF THE POLYMORPHISM OF ISOZYME SPECTRA OF ESTERASE IN SEEDS OF DIFFERENT WHEAT VARIETIES
Abstract. In the paper the data of study of electrophoretic structure of seed's esterase enzymes of different wheat varieties are submitted. Electrophoretic esterase's analysis of separate grains have shown, that electrophoretic spectrums of varieties Bezostaya-1, Intensivnaya, Sanzar-8 and Ulugbek-600 consist of two types of electrophoretic spectrums, varieties Skifianka, Marjon and Yenbosh - three types of electrophoretic spectrums, and variety Yuna - five types of electrophoretic spectrums appeared.
Keywords: wheat, esterase enzymes, polymorphism, Electrophoretic analysis, components.
Introduction
Modern intensive agricultural production requires wide application of the methods creating high productive varieties of the field crops in breeding based on the achievements of modern genetic and biotechnological science. Uzbekistan characterizes as a region with a sharp continental climate with different soil and climatic conditions and a complex peculiar relief. One of the moments that makes it possible to obtain stable yields with improved technological and baking qualities of the grain is the preservation of the genetic and breeding purity of the cultivated material.
For solving of this problem, certain results are obtained using the methods of biochemical genetics, allowing to assess the purity and quality of breeding and seed material on the genetic basis. The wide application of electrophoretic analysis of polymorphic proteins allowed at the qualitatively new level
to develop method of genetic markers. For wheat, acceptable and convenient class of molecular-genetic markers were proteins and isoenzymes. Using of the electrophoretic analysis made it possible to reveal between variety polymorphism and intravariety heterogeneity of isoenzymes [1].
Esterases are buffer-soluble grain fractions representing of the polymorphic system. They can serve as an effective genetic markers in solving many problems of plant physiology, genetics, practical breeding, and biochemical systematics of plants. Esterous loci in wheat are controlled by genes localized in the chromosomes of the third and sixth homeological groups [1]. Plant esterases catalyze the conversion of carbox-ylic esters into bioactive acids and alcohols, thereby playing a key role in many biological processes. The absence of epistatic interactions and the codominant nature of the inheritance of esterase isoform make them relevant for a rapid and accessible
Section 1. Biology
study of the processes of biochemical adaptation to changing environmental conditions. This type of markers is also convenient for solving practical problems of the breeding as a means that can accelerate and simplify the selection process of the significant breeding material [2].
In the present work, studies have been carried out to study the electrophoretic composition of the esterase enzymes of seeds of various wheat varieties.
Materials and methods of research
For the research, were used bread wheat varieties (Yuna, Bezostaya-1, Skifianka, Intensivnaya, Ulugbek-600, Sanzar-8, Yonbosh and Marjon) cultivated in various regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Extraction of esterases from flour, obtained from grinding a grain was performed with Tris-glycine buffer (pH-8.9) for 30 minute. Electrophoretic analysis of the esterases of individual grains was carried out according to the method of V. I. Safonov and M. P. Safonova (1971) [5].
Result and discussion
The data on the isozyme spectra of the studied wheat varieties are shown in (Fig. 1 and tab. 1). Esterase components are divided into slow and fast migrating migratory groups, the first which consists of the indistinct bands, and the second -gives clear shaped bands. Relative electrophoretic mobility of the slowly migrating components consists from 0.21 to 0.42, and as fast migrating components from 0.83 to 0.93. Intrava-rietal differences in the majority of the studied varieties are observed as in the composition of the slowly migrating, and as part of fast migrating components.
Electrophoretic analysis of the esterase of individual grains showed that the Bezostaya-1, Intensivnaya, Sanzar-8 and Ulug-
bek-600 varieties consist of two types of electrophoretic spectra, Skifyanka, Marjon and Yonbosh varieties from three types of electrophoretic spectra, and the Yuna variety revealed five types of electrophoretic spectra of the Esterase. Among the identified electrophoretic spectra in different wheat varieties, variants with the same composition of slow-migrating and fast-migrating esterase components were not detected.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Figure 1. Isozyme spectra of the esterase of the individual bread wheat grains in the polyacrylamide gel pH -8.9. 1-2 Skifyanka, 3-4 Intensivnaya, 5-6 Ulugbek -600, 7-8 Marjon, 9-10 Sanzar-8, 11-12 Yuna,13-Yonbosh
When studying the electrophoretic spectrum of gliadin in these varieties, it was shown that, according to this feature, most varieties are also polymorphic [3; 4]. For example, the varieties Yuna, Skifyanka consist five, and the variety Intensivnaya consists of the three electrophoretic variants [4].
Table 1. - Presence of electrophoretic components of esterase in some wheat varieties
№ Presence of the components (ОЭП) Wheat varieties
Bez os-taya-1 Skifyanka Intensivnaya Marjon Yon-bosh Yuna San-zar-8 Ulug-bek-600
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. 0.21 - - - - + - - -
2. 0.22 - - - - - - - -
3. 0.24 + + + - - + - -
4. 0.27 - - - + + + + +
5. 0.29 - - - - - + - -
6. 0.31 + + + + + + - +
7. 0.33 - - - - - + + -
8. 0.35 - + + + + + +
9. 0.37 - - - - - + - -
10. 0.38 + - - + + - - -
11. 0.39 - - - + + - - -
12. 0.42 - - - - - - + -
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
13. 0.83 + + + + + + + +
14. 0.87 - + + + + + + +
15. 0.90 - - + + + + + +
16. 0.93 - - - - - - + +
Conclusion Sanzar-8 and Ulugbek-600 consists of two types, Skifyanka,
Thus, it was shown that, according to the isozyme spec- Marjon and Yonbosh three types, and variety Yuna consists trum of esterase, the varieties Bezostaya-1, Intensivnaya, five types of electrophoretic spectra.
References:
1. Sozinov A. A. Polymorphism of proteins and its importance in genetics.- M.: Science, 1985.- 52 p.
2. Rudakova A. S., Rudakov S. V., Davidova N. V., Mirskaya G. V., Juravleva E. V., Chesnokov Yu. V. Isozyme analysis of esterases in mature seeds of hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) // Agricultural Biology, 2016.- Vol. 51.- No. 3.- P. 327-34.
3. Karshiev T. O. Studying polymorphism of prolamins of wheat and maize in connection with economic-valuable traits. Abstract of Cand. Thesis.- Tashkent, 1998.- P. 5-8.
4. Baboev S. K., Karshiev T. O., Kurbanbayev I. J., Yunuskhanov Sh. Comparative studying of the electrophoretic spectrum of gliadins of some wheat varieties cultivated in the Republic of Uzbekistan // Chemistry of natural compounds. 1998.-No. 6.- P. 818-820.
5. Safonov V. I., Safonova M. P. Investigation of plant proteins and enzymes by the method of electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel // Biochemical methods in plant physiology.- M., 1971.- P. 113-137.
