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Khamraev Nurbek Ulugbekovich, Senior Researcher of Khorezm Mamun Academy, E-mail: nurbek.hamraev@gmail.com
IDENTIFICATION OF GLIADIN PROTEINS OF LOCAL AND INTRODUCTORY WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN KHOREZM REGION
Abstract: The article contains information on gliadin proteins and their polymorphism in the grain of15 winter wheat varieties grown in Khorezm region.
Keywords: Wheat, grain, gliadin proteins, polyacrylamide gel, electrophoresis.
Introduction
Among the proteins in the plant, the reserve proteins which accumulate large amounts in the seeds play important role. Reserve proteins include gliadin and glute-nins in grains. Most of the proteins such as wheat, barley, maize, and rye are prolaminee and glutelin. Prolamines in the wheat are called gliadin.
For an ideal research of proteins, it is not only necessary to divide the protein from the plants, but to separate them into fractions. Most proteins are used for their solubility. Different types of proteins in plant tissue are isolated: albumen in water, globulins in the weak solution of salts, prolamines in alcohol and gluta-mines in alkaline solution [2].
Currently, proteins are widely used not only as markers of genes, but also as the markers of genes at the species level, as well as species of the species and plant varieties population.
Proteins with high polymorphic properties are of great practical interest. This interest is related to the fact that first of all, polymorphic proteins have the potential to be used as markers for genotype identification in genetic-selector research. The genotype identification, which does not require complex laboratory devices, can be realized in a short time with the help of protein markers, provides accurate and scientifically-based cataloging of modern varieties and hybrids, as well as helps control their genetic makeup [1; 3].
Research has shown that gliadins of wheat are coded on the basis of gene clusters, are located on the short side of 1A, 1B, 1D, 6A, 6B and 6D chromosomes [3; 8].
Reserve proteins, gliadin and glyutenin in the wheat grains are exceed 80%. They are called gluten
proteins and form insoluble, water-soluble substances. Wheat gliadin is a heterogeneous protein consisting of several groups. Using the modern method sequencing for proteins a, p and y gliadin, which constitute 80-90% of the total gliadin content, show that, amino acid residues are substantially close. In addition, the fraction of the gliadin differs greatly from the high molecular weight, amino acid composition and physi-cochemical properties. The 9-fraction is 10-20% of the total fractions (a, p, and y). The weak charge of the a - gliadin fractions is their main reason for their extremely electrophoretic movement. Increasing the proline in the molecule leads to the slowdown in the action of the components in the fractions. Thus, glia-dines are rich in proteins glutamine and prolamine that are closely interconnected in the structure of amino acids, internal molecular s-s, free of sour environment.
Materials and methods
Bushuk and Zilman's "Wheat cultivar identification by gliadin electrophoregrams" [5; 6] method was used for analyzing of wheat gliadin proteins on the polyacrylamide gels and also to study electro-phoregramma under method of Woychik "Polymorphism and proteins changing among the species" [7] was used. 15 winter wheat variety samples grown in Khorezm region were used in genetic analysis. Bezosta-ya-1 was used as a control variety. 100 seed samples were analyzed from each varieties.
Results
In the winter wheat, gliadin etalon spectrum has more than 30 main layers, its structural structure has shown below: a 01234567, p 12345, y 12345, 9 123456789101112
Section 1. Biology
Table 1. - The electrophoretic spectrum of gliadin proteins was as follows when the coding of the varieties for four fractions based on laboratory analysis results
Kroshka variety a 2356 P12345 Y 1345 913478
Sila variety a 457 P 2345 Y 1245 9 3478
Grom variety a 1356 P12345 Y 1345 9 3589
Dustlik variety a 2,3456 P2345! Y 234 9 9 3578
Krasnodar-99 variety a 13567 P 1345 Y 1345 9 578
Yaksart variety a 02.3457 P 1235 Y 234 9 35789
Zimnitsa variety a 356 P12345 Y12345 9 368
Tanya variety a 1257 P 1234 Y 1234 9123489
Asr variety a 1257 P 1245 Y 1234 91234589
Yonbosh variety a 3567 P 1234 Y 145 9 3489
Andijon-2 variety a 1256 P 1235 Y 1345 9 34678
Zvezda variety a 3467 P12345 Y 1345 9 2346789
Durdona variety a 1346 P124523456789 Y 1345 923456789
Chillaki variety a 346 P 2345 Y 1345 9 4589
Vostorg variety a 346 P 2345 Y 1234 91234789
Grain crop varieties, which do not contain too wheat and sucrose varieties in our country has revealed
much prolamine (about 100 grains) analyzing, will that there are numerous biotypes and genetic heteroge-
allow them to rely about genetic-homogeny level of neity of the prolamine gene locus is up to 17%. these variety populations. The analysis of varieties of
Figure 1. Electrophoregramma and scheme of winter wheat varieties grown in Khorezm region by PAGE electrophoresis (1-3 - Kroshka, 4 - Sila, 5 - Bezostaya - 1, 6 Grom, 7 -Dustlik, 8 - Krasnodar-99, - Yaksart, 10 - Zimnitsa, 11 - Tanya, 12 - Asr, 13 - Yonbosh, 14 - Andijon-2, 15 - Zvezda, 16 - Durdona, 17 - Chillaki, 18-20 - Vostorg)
The electrophoretic analysis of 15 winter wheat vari- laboratories ofthe Khorezm Mamun Academy and the In-eties grown in the Khorezm region was carried out in the stitute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology. The
results of the laboratory analysis showed that from 15 varieties of winte wheat varieties grown in the region, "Durdona", "Asr", "Yonbosh", "Chillaki", "Andijon-2" and varieties introduced from foreign countries "Zvezda", "Grom", "Sila" and "Vostorg" were observed internal polymorphism. The presence of internal polymorphism was detected, and "Durdona" four, "Asr" and "Yonbosh" three, "Chillaki" two, "Andijon-2" five and imported varieties "Zvezda" and "Sila" four, "Grom" and "Vostorg" three genetically different biotypes were discovered in the local conditions. It was observed that the Bezostaya-1 control variety electrophoresis of gliadin proteins was one of the simultaneous comparisons of the results by Sozinov and Poperelya [4].
Conclusions
The results of the analysis of winter wheat varieties show that many of them have gliadin varieties of heterogeneity, that is, one species of wheat, reflected by several biotopes, with gliadin coding locus alleles have been found to have variations. In conclusion, the studying of gliadin proteins in the composition of wheat grain with help of electrophoresis method in the polyacrylamide gel allows detecting polymorphism in the variety. Thereby, some different of biotopes are divided in the populations throw this. It is possible to create new resistant varieties of pest, biotic and abiotic stress factors in selection and seed breeding using differentiated gliadin-encoding locus.
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