CC BY
27
DOI https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2017-11.57
STUDY OF EFFICIENCY LEVEL OF SOME SOYBEAN VARIETIES' PLANTING METHOD IN THE LOWLAND AREAS
Arifin Z.*, Saeri M.
Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, East Java, Indonesia *E-mail: arifin bptpjatim@yahoo.co.id
ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the effect of planting method some soybean varieties in the lowland on growth and yield of soybean. The event was held in the Mojokerto and Lamongan District, east Java Indonesia the in dry season of 2014. Experiments in randomized factorial block design with 12 treatments and repeated 3 times, that is a factor I (3 varieties), that is: Anjasmoro; Sinabung and Kaba, and factor II (4 ways of planting): planting spread; planting spread + mulch; planting drill; and planting drill+mulch. Spacious plot of 4 m x 3 m with a drill spacing of 40 cm x 15 cm (seed as much as 40 kg/ha, and method to plant spread (seed as much as 80 kg/ha). Mulch of straw 5t/ha given evenly, the amount of fertilizer given based on recommendation from AIAT East Java. Results of the study in both locations showed that Kaba variety (2.13 t / ha), was the highest yield in Mojokerto and the Sinabung variety (2.18 t / ha) was the highest yield in Lamongan. Then the way of planting drill + mulch 5t/ha in Mojokereto and Lamongan together gives the highest result that are 2,11 ton/ha and 2,17 t/ha. Economic Analysis Soybean cultivation in lowland with Kaba (Mojokerto) varieties and Sinabung (Lamongan) by planting drill method with mulch was given most economically evisien, because R/C Ratio achieved respectively highest are 3,38 and 3,07 than others.
KEY WORDS
Method of planting, varieties, soybean, lowland, Lamongan, Mojokerto.
Soybean production of national can be increased through increasing productivity and expansion of planting area. The productivity of soybean at the farmer level is still low, ie an average of 1.3 t/ha with a range of 0.6-2.0 t/ha, while the potential yield can reach 3.0 t/ha. This enormous productivity gap provides an opportunity for increased production through increased productivity at the farm level [1].; [2]. According, low soybean production in addition to being influenced by low productivity at farm level, as well as local market has not been very attractive to farmers and the difficulty of developing soybean agribusiness due to limited soybean farming, and lack of adequate infrastructure and lack of seeds the good one. Increased productivity of soybeans can be achieved with farms that employ location specific soybean production technologies including using quality new superior varieties seeds and specific location fertilization, land preparation, maintenance and plant protection and post-harvest [3].
One of the determinants of the success of soybean farming is the provision of quality seeds from superior varieties and its supply following the precise six patterns of exact varieties, quality, time, quantity, place and price but this pattern is never fully achieved. Superior varieties greatly determine the level of productivity of crops and are technological components that are relatively easy to adopt farmers [4].; [5]. According to increasing soybean productivity can be achieved when applying appropriate technology (new superior variety and land, water, and plant disturbing organism) for each agroecosystem [6]. In Lowland agroecosystem, soybean is usually grown on DS. I planted after the first rice harvest or on DS II planted after the second rice harvest [7]. According to [8].; [9]. The success of technological package was determined by the application of technology approved by farmers and authors/counselors.
Common obstacles to soybean development in lowland rice are the saturation of the water at the beginning of the cropping season which is bad for the germination of soybean seeds, the solid soil structure will hamper the development of plant roots [10]. Soybean
variety selection should be based on maturity, yield potential, lodging, drought tolerance, and resistance to pests and diseases. The maturity period should be the first consideration when choosing a variety suited to your geographical zone .Therefore, on the solid soil structure it is necessary to consider proper land management. In general, farmers plant soybeans in lowland rice without preceding soil tillage, to avoid the delay of planting time that can reduce soybean yield. [11] According, treatment of soil tillage before planting in lowland does not increase yield compared with no tillage. Unprocessed soils are usually followed by straw cutting at the soil surface and used as mulch for soybean crops [4+], [3+], so mulch serves to suppress weed growth, seed fly attack and reduce evapotranspiration and increase chances results.
Soybean produces well over a wide range of planting dates, if moisture is available [12]. Soybean in lowland is planted drill or spread. Planting in a dispersed way is taken for two reasons, namely: (a) labor shortage, by planting the spread of planting power will be much less, and (b) to optimize the use of soil moisture, at harvest time the soil is still muddy cannot be planting drill, if waiting for the condition of the soil can planting drill means there will be loss of moisture, so that the soybean seeds are planted on a scattered land is still muddy [4++], [3++]. By way of planting spreads resulted in differences in planting time is faster and the need for more seeds than how to plant drill. In addition, planting scattering methods will make it difficult in plant maintenance such as fertilizing, weeding, spraying and harvesting.
This study aims to determine the effect of planting method and mulch usage of some soybean varieties in lowland on the growth, yield and efficiency level of soybeans.
MATERIALS AND METHODS OF RESEARCH
The research location of planting method of soybean varieties is located in lowland of Sidorejo Village, Sugio Sub-district, Lamongan District and Paterongan Village, Bangsal Subdistrict, Mojokerto District, at dry season of 2014. Experiments used randomized factorial block design with 12 treatments and repeated 3 times, ie factor I (3 varieties ): a) Anjasmoro, b) Sinabung, and c) Kaba, as well as factor II (4 method of planting): a) planting spread, b) planting spread + mulch, c) planting drill, and d) planting drill + mulch. Size of plot of 4 m x 3 m with a drill spacing of 40 cm x 15 cm (seed as much as 40 kg/ha, 2 seeds per hole), and method to plant spread (seed as much as 80 kg/ha). Rice straw mulch as much as 5 t/ha are given by way of evenly distributed, while the dose of fertilizer was 50 kg Urea/ha + 75 kg SP 36/ha + 75 kg KCl/ha + 1 ton of organic fertilizer/ha. The method of fertilization of organic fertilizer 1 t/ha and all doses of inorganic fertilizers is given by planting drill about 5 cm in addition to the line of plants, together with the time of planting soybeans. who states that wet land has adequate nutrient, and thus the yield is quite promising despite less addition of fertilizers [13]. The time of weeding of soybean plants was done at age 30 DAP and 60 DAP.
Plant observations included: plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 dry seeds and dry seed yield (t/ha). Analyze data using ANOVA followed by Duncan multiple range test (DMRT 5%) [14]. Analysis of soybean farming was done to determine the feasibility of soybean farming using R/C Ratio. [15].;[16].; [17].; [18]. Mathematically feasibility of soybean farming by calculating R/C, that is as follows:
R/C = TPV/TC If, R/C > 1: Feasible developing
where, R/C = Ratio of income and cost R/C = 1: Breakeven
NPT = Total production value (Rp/ha) BT = Total cost value (Rp/ha) R/C < 1: Not feasible developing
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The analysis of variance showed that the interaction between the treatment of several varieties and the method of planting in lowland that had real effect in Mojokerto District was found to 1 observed variables, namely: number of branches per plant age 40 DAP, while in Lamongan District found 2 variables that is on the number of leaves per plant age 40 DAP
and 70 DAP. The treatment of varieties in Mojokerto District had significant effect on 5 observed variables: height of soybean plant age 40 DAP and 70 DAP, number of leaves per plant age 40 DAP and 70 DAP, and number of branches per plant age 40 DAP, while in Lamongan District 5 varieties of varieties are significantly different, namely: high soybean plants age 40 DAP and 70 DAP, number of leaves per plant age 40 DAP and 70 DAP, and number of branches per plant age 70 DAP. For the treatment of planting method in Mojokerto District have significant effect on 2 observed variables, namely: the number of leaves per plant age 70 DAP and weight of 100 seeds, whereas in Lamongan District there are 6 variables that are significantly different, ie height of soybean plant age 40 DAP and 70 DAP, number of leaves per plant age 40 DAP and 70 DAP, weight of 100 seeds and seed yield (Table 1).
Table 1 - Recapitulation of various method of planting some of soybean varieties on growth and yield of soybean in Mojokerto District and Lamongan District, DS I 2014
Varieties Planting method Interaction
Variable (V) (P) (V x P)
Mjkerto Lmngan Mjkerto Lmngan Mjkerto Lmngan
High soybean plant age 40 DAP * * ns ** ns ns
Number of branches per plant age 40 DAP * ns ns ns ** ns
Number of leaves per plant age 40 DAP * * ns * ns *
High soybean plant age 70 DAP * ** ns ** ns ns
Number of branches per plant age 70 DAP ns ** ns ns ns ns
Number of leaves per plant age 70 DAP * * ** * ns *
Number of pods per plant ns ns ns ns ns ns
Weight of 100 dry seeds (g) ns ns * * ns ns
Seed yield (t/ha) ns ns ns * ns ns
Description: ** and * are each significantly different at the error rate of 1% and 5%; ns = no significant.
Effect of Variety and Planting Method Interaction. The interaction of the treatment of varieties with planting method in Mojokerto District with the number of branches per plant at the age of 40 DAP highest was found in the use of Anjasmoro varieties by planting spread + mulch 5 t/ha (0.90 branch) or by planting drill (0.90 branch), as well as Kaba varieties by panting drill (89 branches), whereas in Lamongan District there is interaction between varieties and planting method to the highest number of leaves per plant at 40 DAP observation using Kaba varieties by planting spread + mulch 5 t / ha (12, 22 leaves), while the observation of the number of leaves per plant age 70 DAP did not show a real interaction between the use of varieties and planting method of soybeans. The interaction of the planting method treatment of several varieties of soybean showed that the diversity of genetic factors of some soybean varieties had the response of planting method to the number of leaves and number of branches per plant. Argomulyo Variety has better prospect becuse it has big size of seed with uniform color of yellow [19].
Effect of Variety. High plant of soybean in lowland the highest in Mojokerto District at 40 DAP observation on Anjasmoro variety, and 70 DAP observation was found in Sinabung variety, whereas in Lamongan District, plant height at 40 DAP did not show significant differences between varieties, and observation age 70 DAP found height plant of highest on Sinabung variety.
The soybean branches number of highest at age 40 DAP in Mojokerto District was found in interaction of Anjasmoro varieties by planting spread + mulch 5 t/ha (0.90 branches) or planting drill method (0.90 branches) and Kaba varieties by planting drill (0,89 branches), whereas in Lamongan District, the largest number of soybean branches is produced by Kaba and Sinabung varieties. The largest number of soybean branches at the age of 70 DAP in Mojokerto District is produced by Sinabung of 3.03 branches, while in Lamongan District, the most branches are found in Sinabung and Kaba varieties was each of 2.86 branches and 2.83 branches.
The highest number of leaves per plant at the age of 40 DAP in Mojokerto District produced 11.13 leaf varieties of Anjasmoro, while in Lamongan District found in interaction of
Kaba varieties by planting spread + mulch 5 t/ha of 12.22 leaves. The highest number of leaves per plant at age 70 DAP in Mojokerto District and Lamongan District of some varieties and planting methods did not show significant differences (Table 2).
Table 2 - Effect of planting method on plant height, number of branches, and number of leaves of three soybean varieties in lowland of Mojokerto District and Lamongan District, DS I 2014
Varieties/ Planting Method Mojokerto Lamongan
Anjasmoro | Sinabung | Kaba | Rataan Anjasmoro | Sinabung | Kaba | Rataan
High plant age 40 DAP (cm)
Spread 42,56 43,76 42,44 42,92b 42,34 42,11 41,22 41,89b
Spread+mulch 53,56 55,33 49,89 52,93a 42,22 44,22 44,89 43,78b
Drill 49,56 46,22 44,11 46,63b 43,22 41,33 44,56 43,04b
Drill+ mulch 47,44 44,67 41,89 44,67b 48,89 44,89 49,22 47,67a
Average 48,28a 47,49ab 44,58b 46,79 44,17a 43,14a 44,97a 44,09
Number of branches per plant ac e 40 DAP
Spread 0,10c 0,23bc 0,40abc 0,13 2,00 2,33 3,00 2,44b
Spread+mulch 0,90a 0,57abc 0,43abc 0,63 2,87 3,56 2,89 3,10a
Drill 0,90a 0,78ab 0,89a 0,86 1,87 2,22 2,22 2,10c
Drill+ mulch 0,77ab 0,67abc 0,67abc 0,70 2,00 2,00 2,44 2,15c
Average 0,67 0,56 0,51 0,58 2,18b 2,53a 2,64a 2,45
Number of leaves per plant age 40 DAP
Spread 9,31 9,11 9,67 9,36c 10,78bc 11,78abc 11,11abc 11,22
Spread+mulch 11,21 10,00 10,68 10,63b 10,78bc 11,78abc 12,22a 11,59
Drill 11,43 11,33 12,56 11,77a 10,67c 11,44abc 11,00abc 11,04
Drill+ mulch 12,56 11,56 11,34 11,82a 11,00abc 12,11ab 10,89c 11,33
Average 11,13a 10,50b 11,06ab 10,90 10,81 11,78 11,31 11,30
High plant age 70 DAP (cm)
Spread 54,76 60,43 60,89 58,69b 46,22 47,78 45,33 46,44b
Spread+mulch 63,89 68,00 67,67 66,52a 49,43 55,22 50,99 51,88a
Drill 54,22 62,11 55,89 57,41b 51,78 57,11 46,44 51,78a
Drill+ mulch 58,66 59,00 57,44 58,37b 54,34 58,44 52,67 55,15a
Average 57,88b 62,39a 60,47ab 60,25 50,44b 54,64a 48,86b 51,31
Number of branches per plant ag e 70 DAP
Spread 2,11 2,89 2,33 2,44b 2,66 2,76 3,00 2,80a
Spread+mulch 1,78 2,90 2,11 2,26b 2,00 3,67 2,77 2,81a
Drill 2,44 3,11 3,11 2,89a 1,21 2,33 2,90 2,15b
Drill+ mulch 2,78 3,23 3,11 3,04a 1,90 2,67 2,64 2,40b
Average 2,28c 3,03a 2,67b 2,66 1,94b 2,86a 2,83a 2,54
Number of leaves per plant age 70 DAP
Spread 11,11 11,67 12,02 11,60b 13,67a 13,22a 13,56a 13,48
Spread+mulch 11,22 13,11 12,00 12,11a 12,67a 13,78a 13,56a 13,33
Drill 11,22 10,89 11,22 11,11b 13,00a 12,67a 13,56a 13,07
Drill+ mulch 12,11 10,67 11,46 11,41b 13,78a 13,00a 13,67a 13,48
Average 11,42a 11,58a 11,68a 11,56 13,28 13,17 13,58 13,34
The numbers followed by the same letter on the same column and row do not differ significantly on the DMR test of 5%.
The highest number of pods per plant in Mojokerto District and Lamongan District was found in the Anjasmoro varieties of 103.03 pods and 106.37 pods, while the highest 100 seeds in Mojokerto District and Lamongan District were found in Anjasmoro varieties, each weighing 14.02 g and 11.40 g (Table 3).
The highest yield of soybean seeds in Mojokerto District was found using Kaba varieties of 2.13 t/ha, while in Lamongan District, soybean crop yielding the highest seeds was found in Sinabung varieties of 2.18 t/ha (Figure 1). Soybean of Kaba and Sinabung varieties of medium seeds have the adaptability to grow better when planted in lowland after rice than Anjasmoro varieties of large seeds. [4+++]. According, superior varieties greatly determine the level of productivity of crops and is a technology component that is relatively easy to adopt farmers.
Effect of Planting Method. The highest planting height of soybean in Mojokerto District was observed at age 40 DAP (52.93 cm) and age 70 hst (66.52 cm) was encountered with planting method + mulch 5 t/ha (52.93 cm), whereas in Lamongan District, the highest plant
height at observation 40 DAP was found by planting drill + mulching 5 t/ha (47.67 cm) and observation age 70 DAP was encountered with planting spread + mulching 5 t/ha (51.88 cm) or planting drill (51.78 cm) or planting drill + mulch 5 t/ha (55.15 cm).
Table 3 - Effect of planting method to number of pods, weight of 100 seeds and yield of three varieties of soybean in lowland of Mojokerto and Lamongan District, DS I 2014
Varieties/ Planting Method Mojokerto Lamongan
Anjasmoro | Sinabung | Kaba | Rataan Anjasmoro | Sinabung | Kaba | Rataan
Number of pods per plant
Spread 89,32 81,77 91,77 87,62d 105,56 106,43 100,66 104,21b
Spread+mulch 111,53 93,57 72,89 92,66c 136,56 100,10 103,67 113,44a
Drill 87,69 104,10 99,33 97,04b 90,47 79,11 96,56 88,71c
Drill+ mulch 123,56 84,42 95,02 101,00a 92,90 83,67 80,33 85,63c
Average 103,03a 90,96b 89,75b 94,58 106,37a 92,33b 95,30b 98,00
Weight of 100 dry seeds (g)
Spread 13,90 10,56 10,65 11,70a 11,62 8,42 8,96 9,66a
Spread+mulch 14,17 10,59 10,37 11,71a 11,42 8,45 8,55 9,47a
Drill 14,45 10,68 10,54 11,89a 11,06 8,13 8,12 9,10a
Drill+ mulch 13,57 11,06 10,40 11,68a 11,51 8,36 8,35 9,41a
Average 14,02a 10,72b 10,49b 11,75 11,40a 8,34b 8,49b 9,41
Yield seed (t/ha)
Spread 1,16 1,62 2,05 1,61c 1,51 1,94 2,02 1,82a
Spread+mulch 1,75 2,27 2,22 2,08a 1,75 2,21 2,27 2,08a
Drill 1,32 2,09 1,92 1,78b 1,52 2,21 2,02 1,92a
Drill+ mulch 1,62 2,33 2,35 2,11a 1,98 2,34 2,19 2,17a
Average 1,46b 2,08a 2,13a 1,89 1,69c 2,18a 2,13b 2,00
The numbers followed by the same letter on the same column and row do not differ significantly on the DMR test of 5%.
Yield seed U Mojokerto
(t/ha) a Lamongan
2,5
Anj3smoro Sinabung Kaba
Figure 1 - The yield of soybean seed from varieties Anjasmoro, Sinabung and Kaba
The highest number of branches per plant of soybean in Mojokerto District at observation 70 DAP was found by planting drill + mulch 5 t/ha (3,04 branches) and planting drill (2.89 branches), while in Lamongan District, 40 DAP (3.10 branches) and 70 DAP (2.81 branches) were found by planting spread + mulch 5 t/ha. The number of leaf per plant in Mojokerto District at observation 40 DAP was found on planting drill (11.77 leaves) or planting drill + mulch 5 t/ha (11.82 leaves), while observation age 70 DAP was found by planting spread + mulch 5 t/ha (12.11 leaves).
The highest number of pods per plant of soybean in Mojokerto District was found in the planting drill + mulch 5 t/ha as much 101 pods, while in Lamongan District the highest number of pods on planting spread was 113,44 pods. The weight of 100 seeds of soybean from several planting method in Mojokerto District and Lamongan District showed no significant difference.
The yield seeds of soybean in Mojokerto District and Lamongan District resulted in the highest weight by planting drill + mulch 5 t/ha each 2.11 t/ha and 2.17 t/ha (Figure 2).
Table 4 - Analysis of farming of some varieties of soybean with various planting method in lowland, DS I 2014, Mojokerto District
No. Activity Anjas+ spr Anjas+ spr+mlc Anjas+ drill Anjas+ drill+mlc Snbung+sp Snbung+ spr+mlc Snbung+dril Snbung+ drill+mlc Kaba+ spr Kaba+ spr+mlc Kaba+ drill Kaba+ drill+mlc
(x IRD.000)
I Labor (DW)
1. Channel 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240
2. Cropping : spead 140 140 140 140 140 140
drill 550 550 550 550 550 550
3. Cut straw 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360
4. Fertilization 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240
5. Spraying 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
6. Weeding 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400
7. Harvest 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580
8. Drying 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
9. Threshing 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240
II Means prod. (kg; lt)
1. Seed (kg/ha) 960 960 600 600 960 960 600 600 960 960 600 600
2. Fertilizer (kg/ha):
Urea 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
SP-36 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
KCl 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450
Petroganik 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500
3. Pesticide (lt/ha) 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
III Cost of Prod. (Rp/ha) 4.822 4.822 4.872 4.872 4.822 4.822 4.872 4.872 4.822 4.822 4.872 4.872
IV Seed yied (kg/ha) 1.160 1.750 1.320 1.620 1.620 2.270 2.090 2.330 2.050 2.220 1.900 2.350
Revenue (Rp/ha) 8.120 12.250 9.240 11.340 11.340 15.890 14.630 16.310 14.350 15.540 13.300 16.450
V profit (Rp/ha) 3.298 7.428 4.368 6.468 6.518 11.068 9.758 11.438 9.528 10.718 8.428 11.578
VI R/C 1,68 2,54 1,90 2,33 2,35 3,30 3,00 3,35 2,98 3,22 2,73 3,38
Description of price: seeds = Rp. 12,000/kg; consumption = Rp. 7,000/kg; Urea = Rp. 1,800/kg; SP-36 = Rp. 2,000/kg; KCl = Rp. 6,000/kg; Petroganik = Rp. 500/kg
Table 5 - Analysis of farming of some varieties of soybean with various planting method in lowland, DS I 2014, Lamongan District
No. Activity Anjas+ spr Anjas+ spr+mlc Anjas+ drill Anjas+ drill+mlc Snbung+ spr Snbung+ spr+mlc Snbung+ drill Snbung+ drill+mlc Kaba+ spr Kaba+ spr+mlc Kaba+ drill Kaba+ drill+mlc
(x IRD.000)
I Labor (DW)
1. Channel 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300
2. Cropping : spead 170 170 170 170 170 170
drill 550 550 550 550 550 550
3. Cut straw 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400
4. Fertilization 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230
5. Spraying 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
6. Weeding 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640
7. Harvest 740 740 740 740 740 740 740 740 740 740 740 740
8. Drying 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
9. Threshing 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340
II Means prod. (kg; lt)
1. Seed (kg/ha) 960 960 600 600 960 960 600 600 960 960 600 600
2. Fertilizer (kg/ha):
Urea 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
SP-36 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
KCl 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450
Petroganik 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500
3. Pesticide (lt/ha) 185 185 185 185 185 185 185 185 185 185 185 185
III Cost of Prod. (Rp/ha) 5.475 5.475 5.495 5.495 5.475 5.475 5.495 5.495 5.475 5.475 5.495 5.495
IV Seed yied (kg/ha) 1.510 1.750 1.520 1.980 1.940 2.210 2.210 2.340 2.020 2.270 2.020 2.190
Revenue (Rp/ha) 10.570 12.250 10.640 13.860 13.580 15.470 15.470 16.380 14.140 15.890 14.140 15.330
V profit (Rp/ha) 5.095 6.775 5.145 8.365 8.105 9.995 9.975 11.045 8.665 10.415 8.645 9.835
VI R/C 1,93 2,24 1,94 2,52 2,48 2,83 2,82 3,07 2,58 2,90 2,57 2,79
Description of price: seeds = Rp. 12,000/kg; consumption = Rp. 7,000/kg; Urea = Rp. 1,800/kg; SP-36 = Rp. 2,000/kg; KCl = Rp. 6,000/kg; Petroganik = Rp. 500/kg.
Soybean is very sensitive to competition with weeds. In soybean cultivation of farmers in lowland is rarely done weeding, so weed control by using rice straw mulch of 5 t/ha can be recommended because it can suppress weed growth of about 55-65% [3+++]. In addition to helping suppress weeds, mulching on soybean crops can maintain soil moisture by suppressing the evaporation of ground water [20-21]. Added that the use of straw mulch with or without soil treatment can increase soybean yield, reduce weed growth and not decrease soil penetration than Oxadiazon herbicide application.
Yield seed -> Mojokerto
(t/ha) sa Lamongan
1A
Spread Spread + Mutch Drill Drifi + Mulch
Figure 2 - Yield of soybean seeds from planting spread, planting spread + mulch, planting drill and
planting drill + mulch
The types of weeds that develop on soybean crops in lowland include: narrow-leaved weeds/grasses: Tuton (Echinochloa colona), type of puzzles weed: Babawangan (Fimbristylis milacea), broadleaf weeds: Walik ope (Trianthema portulacastrum), etc.
Analysis of Soybean Farming. The results of soybean farming analysis showed that with soybean cultivation technology in Mojokerto District using Kaba varieties with planting drill and mulch obtained the highest R/C of 3.38 (Table 4), while in Lamongan District with using Sinabung varieties by planting drill and mulch obtained the highest R/C of 2.98 (Table 5), whereas, so the cultivation of soybeans in two locations is economically feasible. The high R/C ratio in soybean cultivation by planting drill and mulch is influenced by the increase of seed yield and the low requirement and the cost of seed compared to the planting spread.
CONCLUSION
The interaction of varietal by planting soybean treatment only occurs on the number of branches and the number of leaves per plant.
The highest yield of soybean seeds in Mojokerto regency was found on the use of Kaba varieties (2.13 t/ha), while in Lamongan regency on Sinabung varieties (2.18 t/ha).
The yield of soybean seeds in Mojokerto regency and Lamongan regency resulted in the highest weight by planting drill + mulch 5 t/ha respectively of 2.11 t/ha and 2.17 t/ha.
Economic Analysis Soybean cultivation in lowland with Kaba (Mojokerto) varieties and Sinabung (Lamongan) by planting drill method + mulch was given most economically evisien, because R/C Ratio achieved respectively highest are 3,38 and 3,07 than others.
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