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Резюме. В статье представлена первая часть этимологического словаря со словами на букву A. Автор поставил перед собой задачу собрать воедино этимологии, предложенные такие выдающимися исследователями, как П. Хорн, Й. Хюбшманн, В. Хеннинг и др.
Ключевые слова: Персидский этимологический словарь, индоевропейские языки, иранские языки.
Persian etymologies are a special field of research: Paul De Lagarde and James Darmesteter, Paul Horn and Heinrich Hubschman, Walter Bruno Henning and Wilhelm Eilers — they are some of the scholars who laid down the foundations of it. Here I try to summarize the most essential part of what has been done. Of course, all the mistakes are mine. For the abbreviations used in this paper cf. M. Mayrhofer “Etymologisches Worterbuch des Altindoarischen” and similar books and papers2.
aba, n [RudakI] ‘meal’, MPrs. apak/abag [Unvala] < *(hm)-paka-, *^pak-: v. puxtan.
abar, n [BQ] ‘ lead’, Aramaic loanword, Horn 1901: 6. abesa, n [Sahld] ‘spy, sycophant’, cf. abistan, abistan. abilk, adj/n [Bartholomae 1904: s.v. braz-; BQ], the word is somewhat dubious: it could be ablak/g (arabisized ablaq) ‘two-coloured, many-coloured, brilliant’ or ablig ‘spark’ (both meanings extracted by Vullers from BQ’, cf. Mo‘In 1979: 86); the word really might be connected to Av. 4braz-, Ved. BHRAJ- ‘to shine, to shimmer’ (EWAia:II 280), cf. barazidan; to derive the Persian word from the root it is necessary to assume its Southwestern form brad- in its Schwachstufe
*bfd- preceded by a prefix, then *apa-brda-ka- > abilk.
abluc/j, n [RumI] ‘a kind of white sweet meat’, also ablUj; maybe, a conversational transformation of *abrdc/j, cf. MPrs. abroxtan, Prs. afroxtan ‘to kindle, to polish’. MacKenzie 1971: 4.
1 Статья написана в рамках проекта «Древние индоевропейские тексты», выполняемого по Программе ОИФН РАН «Текст во взаимодействии с социокультурной средой: уровни историко-литературной и лингвистической интерпретации». Направление V. Лингвистические аспекты исследования текста.
2 For the success of this work I have to express my deepest gratitude to P. A. Kocharov, A. S. Nikolaev, and A. V. Shatskov.
abnaxu/on, n [BQ] ‘fortress’, also anbaxun [LF]; etym.?; Khot. bahujate ‘he holds’ (cf. hujate ‘he held’) might contain the same base, then anbaxun < *(h)ambaxu(xu)n < *ham-(u)pa(k)-(h)auk-auna- *‘held together’, cf. Eng. stronghold; according to H. W. Bailey, the root *Vuk-/ *luc- suits here too, cf. Ved. okah ‘house, residence’. Mo‘In 1979: 86; Bailey 1979: 279b; EWAia:I: 277.
abr, n [Fird.] ‘cloud’, MPrs. avr [ ’pl], OPrs. ’Afipo[Ko^n^], Av. afira-(cf. Ir. *pari-awra- > Man. Sogd. pryfiyy, Khot. p(r)yaura- vs. ora-‘sky’), Ved. abhra-, WNABH-. Horn 1893: 16; Nyberg 1964-74: 39; Xaleql 1977: 84; Bailey 1979: 256a; EWAia: I 94.
abr, adj/n translated as ‘sharp’ in (fflyKypoB h gp. 1969) to explain the Sahnameh verse:
Yake abr daram ba cang andarun,
Ki hamrangi abr ast-u baran-(a)s xun...
However, it seems to be a Semitic loanword that could be understood either as Arab. abrat (Pl. ibar) ‘needle, sting’, or as Aram. abar ‘the strong one, man, «alat-i rujuliyyat»’, Mo‘In 1979: 78-79.
abra/avra, n [Unsurl] ‘the right side of a cloth’ < *uparaka- ‘the upper (side)’, from a comparative *upara- ‘upper’ to *upa-, cf. (a)bar.
abranja/In, also baranja/in, avranjan [BQ] , n ‘a golden or silver bracelet, anklet’, most probably an adjectival derivate from birinj ‘copper’, cf. MPrs. brinjen ‘copper, brazen’; Lenz (1926: 274) connected it to arinj and qualified it as NW. Horn 1901: 75; Hubschmann 1895: 176; MacKenzie 1971: 20.
abresim, n [Fird.] ‘silk’, also baresi/um [AsadI], MPrs. abresom, paresam < *upa-(v)rais-ama- ‘the (most) ripped open’ (about reeling silk), cf. Sugh. wiraxt ‘to tear, to rip open’, Man. Sogd.ptryst- ‘to tear’, *^mis- ‘to split’, Ved. RES- ‘to hurt’; other roots suit here too: Ved. RES- ‘to cut’ or Ir. *^wris- ‘to spin’ (about the silk worm? v. ristan), Ved. VRIS- ‘to turn’; Lagarde (1877: I, 175) and Tomaschek (1880: 806) traced abresim back to *upara-ksauma- connecting it to Ved. ksauma-‘linen cloth; woven cloth; silken cloth’, but ksauma- is etymologically obscure (EWAia: I 440). Horn 1901: 41; Morgenstierne 1974: 92; Bailey 1931: 425-26; Bailey 1979: 218a, 288a; Xaleql 86-87; Eilers 1985: 229; KEWA: III 61; EWAia: I 461-462.
abro/u, n [Xaqanl] ‘brow’, also baru [Fird.], afru [Hada?Iqatu-l-Muta'allimln], MPrs. brug [blwk], Buddh. Sogd. fir’wkh [bruka], OPrs. [Gau]baruva- (Elam. Kam-bar-ma, Aram. Gwbrw, Gk. rwfipvng), Av. bruuat.biiqm (DDu), Ved. bhru-; Lenz (1926: 274) regarded abrd as NW, the SW form being MPrs (Psalter) bruve [blwy]. Horn 1893: 16; Brandenstein, Mayrhofer 1964: 121; Mayrhofer 1973: 173; Xaleql 85; MacKenzie 1971: 20; EWAia: I 282-3.
abzar, n [Xaqanl] ‘(artificer’s) tool; shoe’ also afzar, avzar, afzar; MPrs. awzar (renders Av. sura- ‘strong’) < *abi-zara-, cf. Ved. abhi-hara- ‘sacrifice, donation’, Pali abhi-hara- ‘present’ (Turner 1962-66: 24), Ved. harati ‘fetches, bears, offers’, GHAR- or HAR1-; the older
etymology (<*abi-cara-, Horn) seems to be rejected nowadays by everybody. Noldeke 1878: 408; Horn 1893: 23; Hubschmann 1895:16; KEWA: III 578-79; Lane 1863-1893: I 273, VI 3092-93.
adman, adj [Manucihrl] ‘pure, fragrant (musk)’, maybe comes from *a-ta-mana- ‘unpolluted’, cf. Khot. attqya ‘unpolluted’, Osset. tajyn ‘to melt, to pollute’, Udajyn (<* ava-ta-) ‘to make wet’, Khwar. t’s 'to melt’, ta(y)-; Indo-Ar. TIM- ‘to be wet’ and TIP- ‘to sprinkle’ seem to be the same root with labial enlargements, cf. Pali timana- ‘wetting’, Marathi timan ‘cooked vegetables’ (Turner 1962-66: 331, 339). Schwartz 1970: 303; Абаев 1958-90: III 222-23; Bailey 1979: 2b.
adras, n [TRS] ‘fine white muslin’: many dictionaries regard it as loanward from Persian (Rasanen 1969-1971), though in fact it is a loanword from Urdu adarsa ‘a kind of a very fine muslin’ (< *a-drs-‘unseen’ ^ ‘transparent’), Platts 1930: 32.
afca, n [BQ] ‘scarecrow’, to *aft-ca ‘an (unpleasant, muzzly) face’, v. aft.
afd, n [BQ] ‘praise’, MPrs. avd [’pd] ‘miraculous, marvellous’, Parth. ’bdyn, Av. abda-, Ved. apada- ‘no place to step upon’, v. pay. AIW: 96; Nyberg 1964-74: 36.
afdar, afdara, n [LF] ‘uncle, nephew’, also avdar < *3ftrw° (influenced by -tar kinterms) < *ptrwya-, cf. words for ‘uncle’: Khwar. (’fcwr
< *fturya-, Afgh. trd < *ptr[w]iyah, Av. tuiriia-, Ved. pitrvya-, all derivates of *pitar- ‘father’, v. pidar. Horn 1901: 103; AIW: 657; Lane 1863-1893: VI 3066; EWAia: I 130.
afdasta, n [LF] ‘praise, laud’, a hendiadys compound: afd + sita, v. situdan.
afgar, n [Nasir Xusr.] ‘wound; fatigued’, also figar, figal; probably < *awa-kara-, cf. Ved. KAR13- ‘to hurt’. Horn 1901: 63; EWAia: I 311.
afyan, n [Nasir Xusr.] ‘lamentation’, alsofiyan <*awi-ga-na-, *Vga-‘to sing, to cry’, Av. gaOa ‘hymn’, Khot. ggaha- ‘verse’, Ved. GA2- ‘to sing’. AIW: 519-21; Bailey 1979: 82b; EWAia: I 482.
afrang, n [Daqlql] ‘elegance, grace’ < *awi-ranga- a variant to aurang, cf. abranjan, rang.
afrastan, v [Fird.] ‘to raise, to exalt’, also afmxtan, praesent base afraz-, MPrs. abrastan, abmz- [’pl’stn, ’pl’c-, Man. ’br’st], Khot. barmstattete ‘pride’ < awi-mz-: the x/z < *k/c alternation must have come through analogy to verbs like baxtan : baz-, then connection is possible to *■Vrad2- (with a reflex of the Indo-European palatal tectal), cf. Parth. r’z-lr’st ‘se diriger’, Khot. rrays- ‘to direct’, Av. raz- ‘id.’, Ved. RAJ-2 ‘to stretch, to hasten’, v. raSt. Horn 1893: 22; Horn 1901: 133; Hubschmann 1895: 16; AIW: 1486, 1514; Lenz 1926: 274; MacKenzie 1971: 4; Bailey 1979: 288a, 358b-359a; EWAia: I 425.
afroxtan, v [Daqlql] ‘to inflame’, pres. abroz-, MPrs. abroxtan, abrdz- [’plwxtn, ’plwc-, Man. ’brwxt, ’brwc-], Khot. barun- ‘to shine’ < *vi-rauxsnaya-, Av. raok- ‘to shine’, with avi- and aiwi- ‘to inflame’; cf.
ravsan. Horn 1893: 23; Horn 19Q1: 134; MacKenzie 1971: 4; Henning 1977: I 89; Bailey 1979: 288b, 366ab.
afsar, n [Fird.] ‘crown’, MPrs. apisar, abesar [ ’pysl] < *upa-sarah-‘that which is on the head’ (with an «hypercorrect» -і- in the unaccented prefix), cf. sar. Horn 1893: 99; Hubschmann 1895: 17; Henning 1977: I 131; Nyberg 19б4-74: 27; MacKenzie 1971: 3.
afsan, n [Xaqarn] ‘whetstone’, alsofisan, later avsan, cf. MPrs. Man. hassйd [hswd] ‘whetted’ < *ham^ta- (Henning 1977 I: 947: 45; Nyberg 19б4-74: 25), v. sudan. Horn 1893: 23; Horn 19Q1: 78.
afsana, n [Nasir Xusr.] ‘tale, incantation’, MPrs. afsan [’ps’n, Man. ’’ps’ng], derivates of afsayidan. Henning 1977: II 2Q; MacKenzie 1971: 5.
afsar, n [TBaihaqf] ‘headstall’ < *upa-sara-, a vrddhi formation, cf. afsar.
afsayidan, v [Unsun] ‘to subdue, especially by magic’, MPrs. afsйdan, afsay- [’pswt’n ’ps’t] ‘enchant, protect by spell’; Nyberg connects afsayїdan (< *upa-savaya-) to sйdan ‘to rub’, ‘the magic treatment consisting of some special rubbing (Nyberg 19б4-74: 25)’. Salemann 193Q: 3Q4; MacKenzie 1971: 5.
afson, n [Qatran] ‘spell; deceit’, also avsдn, v. afsayidan. afsos, n [Anvan] ‘sorrow; alas!’, MPrs. apasдs, aвsдs ‘mockery’, according to Nyberg, to old Southwestern *apa-gau6ra- (IE *[kleu- ‘to hear’) with -s- < «OPrs.» *-g- < IE *-kl- as OPrs. qafay- to IE *klei-; Bailey compared it to Av. saocaya- ‘(negative) ritual utterance’, Khot. s^h- ‘to name, to call’, Ved. suka- ‘parrot’ (Bailey 1934: 28б; 1958: 15б-57, cf. KEWA: III 352, very positive): semantically it is better to connect ‘mockery’ to ‘call’ than to ‘hear’, however, then it is necessary to postulate assimilation - afsдs < *afsдs (cf. Hubschmann 1895: 233234: -xs- > -s- after long vowels, e.g. fums- < *fmxs- < *fra-vaxs-, v. furosidan; but cf. also dдs and dдza) < *apa-saux-sa- < *apo-keukv-ske-. Darmesteter 1883: II 131; Horn 1893: 23; Muller 1893: 3б7; Hubschmann 1895: 17; AIW: 155Q; Nyberg 1928-31: 15, 19б4-74: 24; Henning 1977 I: 118; Bailey 1979: 426Ь.
afsurdan, v [RйdakЇ] ‘to freeze, to grow feeble’, MPrs. afsardan [ ’pslt] ‘to cool down’ (cf. afsardan [ ’ps’ltn] ‘to freeze’, Parth. wys’r- ‘to cool’) < *upa-srt-, v. sard. Horn 19Q1: 141; Nyberg 19б4-74: 23; MacKenzie 1971: 5.
afsak, afsang, n [Rйdakї] ‘dew’, appears to be a secondary derivation from afsanidan.
afsan(T)dan, v [Farrux^ ‘to sprinkle, to disperse’, MPrs. afsandan [’ps’ntn] < *awi-fsan-aya-, cf. Av. fsan- ‘to diperse’, Khot. patamya ‘wrench’ < *pati-fs(a)na-, Gilaki san- ‘id.’ (Geiger 1895-19Q4: 12.3б4), Л[fsan- < *Vpsan-; maybe to Ved. psata- ‘chewed’, if < *psnta-; more probable, however, *[psan- < span(d)-, cf. Ved. SPAnD- ‘to quiver’ (and also Khot. phan- ‘to move’). Horn 1893: 24; AIW: 1Q28; MacKenzie 1971: 5; Bailey 1979: 2Q5a, 259b; KEWA: III 53б-537, EWAia: II 19Q-99.
afsin, n [TBaihaqf ‘the title of a Soghdian prince’, from Sogd. ’fsyn ‘princely title of the rulers of Osrasana’, an arbisized form of MPrs. pism, the Avestan personal name pisinah- (< *api-sidna-, Vsaid-, cf. Ved. CHED- ‘to split’, cf. gйsistan), Bosworth 1985: 589; a semantically preferable etymology traces it to *x'^wan (Vxsay- ‘to possess, to rule’, v. sah), Henning apud Gershevitch 1954: 48 § 314; AIW: 9Q7, 1547; EWAia: I 5б1.
afsura, n [Dax. Xvarizms.] ‘fruit juice’, cf. afsurdan. afsu/ardan, v [Xaqani] ‘to compress, to squeeze’, MPrs. afsa/urdan [ ’pswltn], also (pa)fsar- ‘to press back’, Osset. wfswryn ‘to press, to tread on’ and Khot. s^ka ‘young’, cf. Ved. psura- ‘something which is sprinkled upon’, *Vpsar- ?. Bailey 1958: 543; 1979: 162a, 41Qa; Абаев 1958-9Q: I 483 (assuming metathesis); MacKenzie 1971: 5; EWAia:
II 389.
aft, n [Aqrabu-l-Mavarid] ‘flat-nosed, face’, the metaphorical meaning ‘face’ having become wide-spread in Central Asia; Arabic loanword from afatt ‘qui a le nez ёа^ё (Biberstein-Kazimirski 186Q: II 6Q9)’, cf. also Arab. aftah ‘a man having a broad or wide head’ or aftas ‘a man having the bone of his nose wide and depressed; having his nose spreading upon his face’ (Lane 1863-1893: VI 2414-18), v. aftasi. Lane 1863-1893: VI 3131.
aftasi, n [Ibn Sina] ‘breadth of the nose’, an abstract from Arab. aftas, cf. aft; aftasЇ could have been misunderstood as if containing the «Turkish izafa» particle -si, and thus aft appeared.
aftidan, v [Qabйs-Nama] ‘to fall’, also uftadan, MPrs. opastan [NPLWNstn], Sogd. ’wpt-, Av. auua-pat-, Ved. PAT- ‘to fly, to fall’; cf. past. Horn 1893: 22, Horn 19Q1: 124; Hubschmann 1895: 15-16; AIW: 82Q; Nyberg 1964-74: 145; EWAia: II 71-72.
afzudan, v [^daki] ‘to increase’, praes. afzay-, MPrs. [’pzwtn], Parth. ’bgwdn, Sogd. ’bz’’w, OPrs. abiy-a-javaya- ‘hinzufugen’, maybe the same root as in gavhar, Ved. gotrd- (metaph. ‘stall’ ^ ‘what makes increase’). Horn 19Q1: 23; Horn 19Q1: 23Q, 142 (fizaista); Hubschmann 1895: 16-17; AIW: 5Q4; Brandenstein-Mayrhofer 1964: 127; Nyberg 1964-74: 26; Bailey 1979: 96ab; EWAia: I 497.
agar, conj [Fird.] ‘if’, MPrs. agar, hakar [HT], OPrs. hakaram ‘once’, Av. hakэrэt, Ved. sakrt (krt- ‘to cut’), cf. Sogd. nw-kr ‘now, then’ (Henning apud Gershevitch 1954: 171, § 112Q), Khot. hatara-‘once’, v. hargiz. Darmesteter 1883: I 245; Horn 1893: 25, Horn 19Q1: 96; Brandenstein-Mayrhofer 1964: 123; Nyberg 1964-74: 83; MacKenzie 1971: 6; Bailey 1979: 448ab; KEWA: III 411.
agirift, n [BQ, Lane 1863-1893: Vi 321Q] ‘certain number of crimes’, probably a «technical» loanword from Zor. Pahl., cf MPrs. agrift [ ’glpt] ‘crime, offence; degree of sin’, adopted in its turn from Av. agэrэpta ‘im Strafgesetz: Bedrohung mit bewaffneter Hand’ (AIW: 31Q; MacKenzie 1971: 7); cf. girift, giriftan. ayardan v. ayardan.
akka, n [Anvan] ‘magpie’ (?akka !), not qualified as an Arabic loanword by FZT though it might be one (cf. e.g. Steingass s.v.), if compared to ?aq?aq ‘corvus pica’, Dozy 1881: II 153: Sharaf 1928: 466.
aknun, adv [Fird.] ‘now’, also kanrn, v. nun; cf. MPrs. nm [K‘N, Man. nwn], Av. nйrэm, Ved. nu, nйndm^; the initial *ka- or *ak- may come from Av. hakat ‘immediately’, which was regarded by Bartholomae as a contamination of Ir. *hakrt (cf. hargiz) and Ir. *hakam (cf. Ved. sakdm ‘along with, jointly’, KEWA: III 454); cf. Hitt. ki-nun ‘now’ (with ki- < *ke-, cf. also Lat. nunc < *num-ce)! Horn 1893: 24, 236, Horn 19Q1: 1Q4; AIW: 1Q88-89, 1742; Nyberg 1928-31: 164, 1964-74: 143; EWAia: II 52-53; Tischler 197- : 58Q-581.
alav, n [Mavlana Tus^ ‘fire’, MPrs. Zor. ahlav [’hl’b], MPrs. Man. ardav [’prd’w], — this is how the Manicheans were calling the Zoroastrians («fire-worshippers»?), but cf. Sogd.prd’w ‘fire’; Henning (1977: I 217, 5Q6; II 161, 236) compares these words to Ved. rtavan-‘regular’, Av. asauuant- ‘having the possession of the highest law’, OPrs. artavan- ‘late, dead’ (EWAia: I 123), which are not that good for the etymology of the Soghdian word (moreover, cf. Sogd. ’rt’w ‘electus’, which also is akin to OPrs. artavan-, Gershevitch 1954: 12 § 91): it is better to assume prd’w < *para-tapa, - then it is possible to trace Prs. alav to ham-tapa- from a later Sogdian dialect, which had not only -*t- > -*d- > -*l-, but also -*p- > -*b > -w as reflected in many Tajik dialects; as to the prefix, Soghdian is known to have lost the nasal of *ham- in some of its varieties, cf.
Chr. ’z ’n----Man. ’nz’n- ‘to confess’,
Chr. ’st’y----Man. ’nst’y- ‘to show’,
Chr. ’w’zy — Man. ’nw’zkyy ‘meeting, crowd’, (Gershevitch 1954: 1Q3 § 657);
thus the word for ‘fire’ can be derived from itap-, cf OIrl. tene ‘fire’ and Av. tafnah- ‘heat’, both traceable to IE *tep-nos-; v. tafsidan, taftan. Cf. Doerfer 1963-75: III 357-58; Eilers 1974: 323.
alanjuj, n [FJahang.] ‘lign-aloes’, misreading or irregular sound change, MPrs. awaWg [ ’wlwg] < *ayaluk, loanword from Gk. dydXoxoq also alan/йу, alan/йх, yalanjuj. Lane 1863-1893: VII 1QQ; Low 1881: 295; Henning 1977: II 245.
alcaxt, n [Fird.] ‘hope’, or aljaxt: cf. Sogd. Man. jyt, Buddh. dryt- ‘to hold’ (past stem, Gershevitch 1954: 45 § 285); the first part could come from *rta-: Ir. *-r- > Sogd. э- (ibid. 19 § 137) > Prs. a-; Ir. *-t- > Sogd. -d- (ibid. 42 § 268, cf. Sogd. ’yd Av. aёta- ‘that’) > Prs. -l- (e.g. Henning 1977: I 217, 5Q6; II 161, 236); the old meaning can be reconstructed as ‘holding the *rta- truth’, a compound like Sogd. Buddh. dpz’ymwrt’y ‘starved’ ^ ‘hunger-dead’ or MPrs. csmdyt ‘visible to the eye’, Gershevitch 1945: 139, 14Q.
•v
alfaydan, v [AbuS. BaM] ‘to gain’, present base alfanj-; probably from *6pax- : *6paNj-aya-, cf. Sogd. dp’ns- ‘to gain’, akin both to Ved. TOJ- (tunjate) ‘to push’, v. andoxtan, and Av. 6fiaxs- ‘to move’, Ved.
TVAKS- ‘to be full of energy’, cf. tuxsidan. Horn 19Q1: 7Q; AIW: 793; Henning 1977: I 651, II 33, 495; EWAia: I 67Q, 682-83. alfanjidan [AbuS. BaM] v. alfaydan. alfaxtan [RudaH] v. alfaydan
almas, n [AbuS. BaM] ‘diamond, sharp iron’, MPrs. almast [’lm’st] ‘the hardest of the metals, possibly steel’, Man. MPrs. ’rm’s ‘steel’, loanword from Greek, cf. aSdjuag ‘divine metal, later explained as steel and diamond’ (^ ‘unconquerable’), maybe influenced by Assyrian abanеЫёш ‘diamond’, abannisiqtu еЫёш ‘the jewel par excellence’. Bailey 1943: 134; Reallexikon d. Assyriologie: II 269; Nyberg 1928-31: 7, 1964-74: 14.
alqundi, n [Sawda] ‘what remains of soap’, might be an Arabicized loanword, originally from Turkish, cf. Rasanen 1969-1971: 3Q1a MTurk. kundy ‘polieren’; also qundyyu ‘Werkzeug zum polieren des Schwertes’ or kmdi (yuzz)Jelend, niedrig’, Brockelmann 1928: 117, 164.
alvanj, n [Sahm] ‘kind of hammock for children’, either to Arab. alwan ‘colours’ (with a Persian suffix) or to an unattested Arabic word (*wanj) that would have come from MPrs. *band(a)ka-, cf. bastan.
am(a)na, n [LF] ‘split wood, put up in bundles for sale’ < *ham-band-aka- (v. bastan), from a dialect with -*nd- > -n- and -*mb- > -m-, cf. Khotanese (Emmerick 1989: 215); Vullers (1855-64: I 53) quotes also amina (< *ham-band-ya-ka) and ama (probably, an abbreviated form).
amban, n [Fird.] ‘leather bag’ < *ham-pana-, cf. payidan. Lenz 1926: 275.
amrod, n ‘pear’, also murdd, MPrs. urmdd [’wlmwt], MacKenzie 1971: 84.
anar, n [TBaihaq^ ‘pomegranate’, MPrs. anar [’n’l] (MacKenzie 1971: 9), also rana (Lane 1863-1893: XXII i 129); probably of ancient local (Southern Iran) origin, cf. Elam. glsnu-w-ma, Akk. ттй, Reallexikon d. Assyriologie: III 616-632; von Soden 1959-65: II 8Q4-8Q5.
•v
anbajat, n [ Cahar Maqala] ‘preserve, conserve’, an arabisiszed plural, cf. MPrs. Zor. ambag [’mbk], MPrs. Turf. hmb’w, Khot. hamba ‘share’, Ir. **ham-bag- ‘to share in common’, v. baxt. MacKenzie 1971: 8; Bailey 1979: 461b, 462a.
anbara, n [LF] ‘camel or horse used for drawing water’, MPrs. ambarag [ ’mblk] ‘hairless animal (about those apt only to draw water)’ < *ham-baraka-, v. burdan. MacKenzie 1971: 8.
anbast(a), adj [LF] ‘clotted (milk or blood)’, cf. MPrs. hambastag [hmbstk] ‘composed’, prefix *ham- + Vband-, cf. bastan. MacKenzie 1971: 4Q.
(h)anban, n [Rudaki] ‘leathern bag’, MPrs. hamban [hmb ’n] < *ham-pana-, ^pa-; v. payidan. Horn 19Q1: 2Q; MacKenzie 1971: 39.
anbar, n [Fird.] ‘reservoir, store’, MPrs. hambar, Sogd. ’mb’Iyr-‘satiety’ (Gershevitch 1954: 141 § 957), OPrs. *hampara- (^ Elam. am-
pa2-ras) ‘Speicher, Lagerhaus’; v. anbastan. Brandenstein-Mayrhofer 1964: 124; Henning 1977: I 512; MacKenzie 1971: 4Q. anbardan, anbaridan, v. anbastan.
anbastan, v [Xaqarn] ‘to fill’, MPrs. hambandan [hnb’lytn] ‘id.’, Khot. hambar- ‘id.’, Av. hqmpafraiti ‘...fills’; *ham-par-, cf. pur. Horn 1893: 26, Horn 19Q1: 75; AIW: 85Q; Lenz 1926: 275; Henning 1977: I 1QQ; MacKenzie 1971: 4Q; Bailey l979: 462a.
(h)anbaz, n [Fird.] ‘companion, partner’, MPrs. hambaz [hnb ’c, Man. ’mb’z], Khot. habajsya- ‘associated’ < *ham-baj; cf. anbay, v. baxt. Horn 1893: 26; Hubschmann 1895: 18; Lenz 1926: 275; Nyberg 192831: 94; MacKenzie 1971: 4Q; Bailey l979: 456a.
anboh, n/adj [Nasir Xusr.] ‘a lot, multitude; copious’, etym.? — might come from *ham-pauya- or *ham^ya- and be the Iranian correspondence of Ved. pйga- ‘multitude’, ArdhamagadM prakritpйha-‘crowd’ (cf. Gk. nvytf ‘buttocks’). Lenz 1926: 275; EWAia: II 154; Turner l962-66: 47і.
anbuSan, n [RudaM] ‘the primary matter whence any substance is formed; creation’ < *ham-b^tana-, cf. bйdan and Ved. sam-bhйta-‘become, proceeding from’. Horn 19Q1; Henning 1977: I 374. anbur, n [Zamaxs.] ‘pincers’ < *ham-br(n)a-, cf. burridan. and, n [LF] ‘doubtful or equivocal speech’, loanword from Turkish (Kutadyu Bilig anda ‘to quarrel’, Rasanen 1969-1971: 44a), v. anda.
and(ak) , adv [Fird.] ‘so much’, MPrs. and(ak) [’nd-k]; Horn connected it to Av. avant- ‘tantus’, but Nyberg explained it as a «Ruckbildung» from cand, cf. MPrs. and-cand ‘as much as, however much’. Horn 1893: 27; AIW: 174-75; Nyberg 1964-74: 18.
anda, adj [Jami?u-t-Tawarix] ‘fraternizing’, cf. Mong. anda ‘friend, sworn brother’, Lessing 196Q: 42; Doerfer (1963-75: II 128) traces Mong. anda ‘Eidbruder’ to Turk. and ‘Eid, Schwur’, which also was borrowed by Persian, cf. and.
andama, n [LF] ‘remembrance of past grief’ < *antama-ka- ‘innermost’ (cf. Germ. Erinnerung), Av. antэma-, Ved. dntama- ‘nearest, intimate’. Horn 19Q1:112; AIW: 134; EWAia: I 75.
andar, conj [Fird.] ‘in’, MPrs. andar [BYN, Man. ’ndr], Khot. hamdr, OPrs. antar, Av. antaгэ, Ved. antarah; cf. dar. Horn 1893: Horn 19Q1: 83: AIW: 131; Brandenstein-Mayrhofer 1964: 1Q3; MacKenzie 1971: 9; Bailey 1979: 454ab; EWAia: I 76-77.
andarbayistan, v [Farrux^ ‘to be necessary’ MPrs. andar abayёd, v. bayistan. Lane 1863-1893: VII 359.
andarun, adv [RudaH] ‘within, the inside’, MPrs. anda ardn [ ’ndlwn] contains andar (v. andar) and rdn ‘direction’ (cf. Av. ravan-‘river’, v. rud and run). Nyberg 1964-74: 18, 17Q; MacKenzie 1971: 9;
andarva, adv [Nasir Xusr.] ‘head-downwards’ also andarba, darva, darvaz; cf. MPrs. andarway [ ’ndlw’d], Parth. ’ndrw’z ‘air, atmosphere’ (MacKenzie 1971: 9), < Ir. *antar-wadz-, vadz- ‘to move’, v. vazidan. Lane 1863-1893: VII 365-66.
andarz, n [Fird.] ‘advice, narrative’ MPrs. handarz [hndlc], Av. handardza- ‘binding’, Vdarz-, v. darz. Horn 19Q1: 157; AIW: 1771; Lenz 1926: 276-77; Nyberg 1964-74: 94.
anda(y) , n [Sa?di] ‘calumny’, a variant to anda. andam, n [BuSukur] ‘the body’, MPrs. Zor. handam [hnd’m], Turf. han(n)am [hn’m], Av. handaman- ‘a limb’ ^ *‘put together’, Khot. hamdamamci ‘completing’ and without a prefix Sogd. S’m ‘creation’: Indo-Ar. *Vdha-; cf. hanam. Lenz (1926: 276) regards hannam as SW, whereas andam should be NW. Horn 1893: 27, Horn 19Q1: 96; AIW: 1772; Henning 1977: I 134; MacKenzie 1971: 41; Bailey 1979: 453b; EWAia: I 783-787.
andavidan, v [Lane (1863-1893: VII 35Q) quotes Nizamu-l-ittiba’] ‘to plaster, to bedaub’, a denominative verb from andava, cf. andudan.
andaxtan, v [Fird.] ‘to throw; to do, to make’, praes. andaz-, MPrs. handaxtan: handaz- [hnd’htn : hnd’c-], < *ham-tac-aya- (caus. *‘to let move’), cf. Khot. hamdajs- ‘to gallop together’, v. taxtan, pardaxtan. Horn 1893: 27, Horn 19Q1: 135; Lenz 1926: 277; Nyberg 1964-74: 94; Henning 1977: I 93, 2 471; Bailey 1979: 452b.
andaz, n [Fird.] ‘throwing; a measure’, andaza [Fird.] ‘measure, quantity’, MPrs. handacak, Talmud loanword hndz’ ‘calculation’, Syr. handaza ‘that which is measured’, Nyberg 1964-74: 94; derivates of the present base of andaxtan; cf. Lenz 1926: 277.
andesa, n [Fird.] ‘thought, consideration’, MPrs. hande^dan [hndysytn] ‘to think, to ponder’ < *ham-daisya-, cf. Av. ham-daёs-ya-‘to get informed’, dis- ‘to show’, Ved. DIS- ‘id.’ AIW: 672-73; Lenz 1926: 277; Nyberg 1964-74: 94-95; Henning 1977: I 114, 5Q1; EWAia: I 744-46.
andoh, n [Rudaki] ‘anxiety, grief’, MPrs. handdho < *ham-dava6a-, Sogd. ’nt’wyc < *ham-dava-ka-сї-, Av. dav-4 ‘to press’, Ved. DHAV- ‘to shake, to agitate’. Lenz 1926: 277; Nyberg 1928-31: 1QQ; 1964-74: 95; Henning 1977: I 277, 2 21; EWAia: I 782-83.
andoxtan, andozidan, v [Manucihri] ‘to acquire, to collect’, MPrs. handdxtan [hndwhtn], MPrs. Turf. ’ndwc-; contains *ham-, v. toxtan. Lenz 1926: 277; Henning 1977: I 651; Nyberg 1964-74: 95.
andudan, andayad, v [Farruxi] ‘to plaster, to smear’, MPrs. handйdan, *handay- [hndwtn] < *ham-dй- : ham-davaya- NW, cf. MPrs. papyr. hndwn- ‘Tunche’ < *ham-Sawana- SW, Av. dav-3 ‘to rub’) v. zidudan; Ved. DHAV-, cf. andoh. Horn 19Q1: 13Q; AIW: 688; Lenz 1926: 277; Henning 1977: I 363; MacKenzie 1971: 42, KEWA: III 789;
aner, n [BQ] ‘bad temper’, MPrs. amr [’n’yl] ‘ignoble, non-Aryan’, Av. anairya-, cf. neran. AlW: 12Q; Nyberg 1964-74: 9; for *arya- cf. EWAia: I 111-12, 174-75.
anfast, n [LF] ‘spider web’, probably loanword from Elr. < *ham-fasta-, cf. Khot.phast- ‘to move’, haphan- ‘to move, to quiver’, Vfand-, Ved. SPAND- ‘to quiver’; Hubschmann (1895: 18) rejected Salemann’s
etymology (< *ham-basta-). Horn 1893: 254, Horn 19Q1: 78; Lenz 1926: 277; Emmerick 1968: 9Q, 147, 161; Bailey 1979: 261a; KEWA: III 536.
ang1, n [BQ] ‘water-pipe’, looks like an ‘unsatsmisiszed’ form related to Ved. amM- ‘narrow’ (the regular form is MIr. *anzйk represented by MPrs. Man. hnzwg, Parth. ’njwg), Lat. angi(portus); however might be connected to Ved. dnga ‘limb’ or to the unexplained Ved. ankankd- ‘water’. EWAia: I 39, 47, 48.
ang2, n [Ta’0tf, a Safavї poet] ‘a method and a tool for accounting’, probably a ‘technical’ abbreviation from angara. Lane 1863-1893: VII 437-38.
ang3, n [Gazophylacium, Lane 1863-1893: VII 438] ‘bee’, a scarcely attested word, appearing in the old compound angubln, cf. Kurd. heng (Jaba 1975: 453), Zaza hengi (Jaba ibid.); if connected to Gk. єцжід (oid-), can reflect Ir. *an№i- and permit to reconstruct the IE ‘bee’ -word, - inspite of Meillet’s opinion: «l’hypothese de M. Horn... semble n’avoir convaincu personne» (19Q6-Q8: 477). Horn 1893: 29, 255-56; Hubschmann 1895: 19; Boisacque 1923: 248; Frisk 196Q-72: I 5Q6; Chantraine 1968-8Q: I 344.
anga/ul(a) , n [Xaqarn] ‘button, hat’, probably to angust, similar to angul and angulak, which are names of fingers (deminutive). Lane 18631893: VII 452.
angasba, n [RudaH] ‘a rich dihkan’, maybe to Tibetan rgyds-pa ‘mighty, powerful’, Jaschke 1958: 1Q6.
angara, n [Nasir Xusr.] ‘incomplete; narrative; revenue-book’, MPrs. hangarag [hng’lk] ‘reckoning’, v. angastan. Lane 1863-1893: VII 43839; Nyberg 1964-74: 95; MacKenzie 1971: 42;
angastan, angar(i)dan, v [DaqЇqЇ] ‘to think, to consider’, Afgh. ange^l ‘to think’, MPrs. hangardan [hng’ltn] ‘to consider, to reckon’ < *ham-kar-, Av. kar2 ‘to consider, to remember’, Ved. KAR1- ‘to remember’; cf. nigar. Horn 1893: 28-29, Horn 19Q1: 14Q; AIW: 447; Lenz 1926: 277; Henning 1977: I 99; Nyberg 1964-74: 95; MacKenzie 1971: 42; Eilers 1974: 322 Anm. 34a; EWAia: I 31Q-11.
angaz, n [Rum] ‘a tool, an implement’, probably < *ham-gaca- ‘a tool, which holds ^ bites’, v. gazidan. Henning 1977: II 22.
angextan, angezidan, v [Fird.] ‘to raise, to excite’, MPrs. hangёxtan: hangёz- [hngyhtn: hngyc-], Turf. Prs. hag^n- [hgjyn-] ‘to stimulate, to arouse’, v. vextan (for the metathesis cf. bёdar,farrux). Horn 1893: 3Q, Horn 19Q1: 134; MacKenzie 1971: 42; Henning 1977: II 35.
angist, n [DaqЇqЇ] ‘coal’, Baxt. angast < NW *ham-krta-, kar- ‘to burn’, v. cirag, nigal, zuyal; Ved. dngara- may be a very ancient Iranian loanword (< *hamkara-: NB *hamkariya- > Sogd. ’nk’yr ‘hearth, fireplace’, Sims-Williams apud EWAia: I 8Q5). Horn 1893: 3Q, Horn 19Q1: 182; EWAia: I 48; Eilers 1974: 3Q7 A2, 321-22. v
angu/abin, n [RudakT] ‘honey’, MPrs. angubёn [DWBSYA, ’ngpyn], Sogd. ’nkwpyn, from ang and *paina-, lit. ‘bee(made) beverage’, cf. Av. paёnaёna- ‘made of honey’, Bal. benay ‘honey’ (Gilbertson 1925: 33Q),
Orm.pin ‘id.’, Khot.pina ‘fatness’ (Bailey 1979: 236a), for pai- v. pi, pinu. Horn 1893: 29; AIW: 818; Henning 1977: II 89, 494; Bailey 1957: 51; MacKenzie 1971: 1Q; EWAia: I 83-84.
angur, n [RudaH] ‘grape’, MPrs. angw [ ’NB ^ ’ngwl], cf. angurda ‘a single grape’ [BQ], either a metaphorical derivate from angust (as Ved. angMih, angwih to angustha-), or < *ankura-, related to Ved. ankurah ‘sprout, shoot’, ANC- ‘to curve, to bend’; forms like Khot. gwa-‘grapes’, Aram. (Talmud) gwrq ‘unripe dates, grapes and olives’, Prs. ydra ‘unripe grape or date’ are explained by Bailey through syllable loss, whereas Khot. Mra ‘grapes (?)’, Afgh. kwar ‘wild grape’ seem to be different words. Bailey 1957: 51, 1979: 62b, 87b; Brandenstein-Mayrhofer 1964: 1Q3; MacKenzie 1971: 1Q; KEWA: I 19, 22; EWAia: I 53.
angust, n [Fird.] ‘finger’, MPrs. angust [’ngwst], Khot. hamgusta-, amsti, Sogd. ’nkwst, Av. aygusta-, Ved. angustha-, (to anga- ‘limb’ ANJ- ‘to curve, to bend’, a variant of ANC-, v. angur). Horn 1893: 3Q, Horn 19Q1: 2Q; AIW: 13Q-31; Nyberg 1964-74: 19; EWAia: I 49.
anguyan, angudan, n [BQ] ‘Laserpitium, Silphium’, Arab. anjuSan ‘assaphoetida”, contains the same base as anguza and the suffix *-ana-. Lane 1863-1893: VII 441-42.
anguz/za, anguzad, n [Ta’nx-i Sїstan] ‘assa foetida’, Arm. (^ Parth.) angouzataber оіХфЮфдрод, Khot. amgusda < *angu-jatu- ‘the assa foetida gum’, cf. Ved. hinguh and zad; v. anguyan. Hubschmann. 1883: I 98; Bailey 1937: 913; Henning 1977: II 6Q4, 614; Bailey 1957: 5Q-51, 1979: lb; KEWA: III 593.
anjam, n [Fird.] ‘end’, MPrs. hanjam [hnc’m], to hanjaftan [hnc’ptn] ‘to finish, to complete’ (cf. YPrs. anjaftan), Parth. hnjftn ‘to bring to an end’ < *ham-jama-, cf. OPrs. hangmata- ‘collected’, ~sgam-, v. anjuman, amadan, farjam. Horn 1893: 26, Horn 19Q1: 71; Lenz 1926: 277; Nyberg 1964-74: 96; Brandenstein-Mayrhofer 1964: 12Q; MacKenzie 1971: 42.
anjidan, anjindan, v [Nizam^ ‘to cut, to slash, to crumble’, praes. an/in-, MPrs. Turf. hanzin- [hnzyn-], Av. hamcay-, Vkay- ‘legere’, cf. cidan. Horn 1893: 27, Horn 19Q1: 128: Hubschmann 1895: 18; AIW: 441; Henning 1977: I 1Q9, II 6QQ.
anjlr, n [RudaH] ‘fig’, MPrs. anjir [’ncyl], Uigh. (^ Sogd.) ’ncyr, Ved. anjirah being an Iranian loanword < *ana-ci6ra- lit. ‘without flower’ («in reference to the erroneous view that the fig did not flower, see Laufer Sino-Iranica 411» — Bailey 1937: 913), cf. hujlr, huzir. MacKenzie 1971: 1Q; Bartholomae 1917-2Q: 23f.; Bailey 1946: 774 N1; Henning 1977: I 476; KEWA: I 24-25.
anjlr(a) , n [Sozarn] ‘foramen ani’, Sogd. angir [’nkyr] (Henning 1977: II 244) permits to suppose *ham-kurya-, cf. ker.
anjuman, n [Fird.] ‘meeting, assembly, congregation’, MPrs. hanjaman [hncmn], MPrs. Turf. hnzmn, Av. hanjamana-, cf. Khot. hamjsam- ‘to assemble’: *ham- + Vgam-, v. anjam, amadan. Horn 19Q1: 28; AIW: 177Q-71; Lenz 1926: 278; Nyberg 1964-74: 96; Henning 1977: I 69; Bailey 1979: 445b-446a.
anjuy/x, n [Abu Sukur] ‘wrinkle’, cf. Afgh. an/дуЇ (Pasto Q amus 33) which would indicate to a majMl vowel, then < *ham-yauga- ‘pulled together’, Nyaug- ‘to join’, v. juft, juy. Horn 19Q1: 66; EWAia: III 4Q2.
anosa, adj [Manucihn] ‘happy, prosperous’, MPrs. a^sag [’nwsk] ‘immortal’, Khot. nasa- ‘immortal thing’, Av. an-aosa-, cf. hдs, nдS: privative to *ausa- ‘spoiling (by fire ?)’, Ved. OS- ‘to burn’. Horn 1893: 3Q, Horn 19Q1: 2Q; Hubschmann 1895: 19; AlW: 44, 114; MacKenzie 1971: 1Q; Bailey 1979: 184b-186a; EWAia: I 281.
aprandax, parandax, n [Lane 1863-1893 II: 969] ‘goat’s skin’, a suffixal derivate of parand, cf. Sogd. pring “damast’ < *upa-ringa-, v. avrang2. Horn 19Q1: 75; Henning 1977: II 262-66.
aras, n [Fird.] ‘elbow; cubit’, also ris, MPrs. aresn [’lsn, Man. ’’rysn], OPrs. arasni-, Av. a^Ona-, Ved. aratni-; v. arinj, ris. Horn 1893: 18; Hubschmann 1895: 12-13; AIW: 29; Mayrhofer-Brandenstein 1964: 1Q4; Nyberg 1964-74: 29; MacKenzie 1971: 11; EWAia: I 1Q9.
araba, n [Kamal Samarq., XV Cent.] ‘cart; wheel’, the existence of this word in Turkic languages as far as Tuvin in the East (abra) makes it likely to be a Turkish loanword in Modern Persian; araba appears first in a Turkish-Arabic glossary in 1245 (Houtsma, 1894). Rasanen 19691971: 23a; Doerfer 1963-75: II 19-23; Севортян, 1974: 164-65.
ard, n [BQ] ‘anger’, maybe to Ved. rdtati ‘howls, shouts’, Hindi rar ‘dispute, quarrel, fight’, not necessarily connected genetically. EWAia:
III 36; Platts 193Q: 581.
arg, n [Fird.] ‘fortress’, Aram. (Talmud) ’rq(pt), probably to Av. ayra- ‘the uppermost’ (for metathesis cf. Hubschmann 1895: 266-267), Ved. dgra- ‘summit’; Bartholomae adduced the Old Persian mountain Arkardri- ‘Burgtragend’ and Lat. arx. Horn 1893: 18; AIW: 49, 191; Brandenstein-Mayrhofer 1964: 1Q4; EWAia: I 45.
arya/ic/j, n [BQ] ‘ivy’, also aryic, aryajetc., cf. Osset. arx ‘branch’, Khot. arkaka ‘plant’ and arkha- ‘growth, excrescence’: since the meaning ‘to grow’ would suit here best, these words are to be connected to Ved. ROH- ‘to grow’ (EWAia: II 467-68, aor. druksat, fut. roksyati etc.); then *arx- < *arvx-. Bailey 1979: 8ab, 24a; Абаев 1958—9Q: I 73.
aryanda, adj [RudaH] ‘angry’, also aryand, MPrs. aryand [ ’rgnnd], Av. эrэgant ‘horrid’, Ved. rghaydnt-, rghavan- ‘impetuous’. Horn 1893: 18; Hubschmann 1895: 13; AIW: 349; Salemann l93Q: 26Q; MacKenzie 1971: 11; Eilers Namengeb. 35 Anm 116; EWAia: I 249.
aryavan, n [RudaH] ‘Judas-tree, purple’, MPrs. argawan ‘purple’, probably to Ved. ARC- ‘to be bright’. MacKenzie 1971: 11; EWAia: I 114-15; Salemann. 1897: VI.
aryab, n [Sozarn] ‘river’, also arya, v. ab; the first component seems to be the same as MPrs. ray [Igy] ‘swift’, Parth. rg ‘id.’, Av. гэuul- (<
*тущ-) ‘id.’, Ved. ragM- ‘id.’ Bailey 1979: 359b; MacKenzie 1971: 7Q; Doerfer 1963-75: II 42; Eilers 1982: 35 Anm 16 (to aryanda); EWAia: I 423-24.
aryuda, adj [BQ] ‘angry’, cf. aryanda; for aryidan cf. Lane 18631893: IV 1869.
aryun, n [Qatran] ‘a kind of horse’, probably a Turkish loanword, cf. MKasgan arqun, MTurk. aryun [Kutaygu bilig], Mong. arxan, aryamay, to the verb aryl'- ‘to run (in a special way)’. Brockelmann 1928: l2; Doerfer 1963-75: I 129-3Q; Rasanen 1969-1971: 25a; Севортян 1974: 171, 172.
arj, n [DaqЇqЇ] ‘value, honour’, also ary, MPrs. arz [ ’lc], Parth. aryaw [ rg’w] ‘noble, fine, pleasing’, Khot. ara ‘value, price’ < *arya~, Av. arafah-, Ved. ARH- ‘to be worth’; v. arz, arzan. Horn 1893: 17, Horn 19Q1: 71; AIW: 192; Lenz 1926: 278; Nyberg 1964-74: 3Q; Xa^ 1977: 89-9Q; Bailey 1979: 22a; Boyce 1977: 14; EWAia: I 124.
arjumand, adj [Fird.] ‘valuable, excellent’, MPrs. arzdmand [’Ic’wmnd], to arf (q.v.) + suffix -mand; MacKenzie 1971: 12; XaleqЇ 1977: 89-9Q.
arju, n [Farrux^ ‘desire’, a NW loanword, v. (SW) arzu. ark, n [BQ] ‘fortress’, v. arg.
arm, n [BQ] ‘arm from elbow to shoulder’, a hardly attested word (Bartholomae quotes it in GrIrbh I1 25), though it exists in many Iranian languages, cf. Av. ar(a)ma- (Av. aёuuд.arma ‘one-handed’ is rendered by MPrs. ёvak-arm), Sogd. ’rm (in a compound), Khot. arra-, Osset. arm, Talrn am (Pireyko has am), also Ved. irmd- all have the meaning of ‘arm’ or of different parts of it. Horn 1893: 18; AIW: 197; Абаев 1958— 9Q: I 67-69; Bailey 1979: 23a; EWAia: I 2Q5-Q6.
armayan, n [Xaqarn] ‘present brought from journey’, also armuyan, a Turkish loanword, cf. armayan (MKasgan). Brockelmann 1928: 11. Rasanen 1969-1971: 27a; Doerfer 1963-75: II 45-46.
armanda, adj [RudaH] ‘quiet; helpless, cripple’, cf. MPrs. armest [’Imyst] (borrowed from Av. armaё-sta- ‘stagnant’) ‘inactive’, Khot. a/arma- ‘solitary’, Av. airime ‘still, ruhig’, Ved. drma- or armakd-‘something quiet: ruins or a well’. AIW: 189-9Q; MacKenzie 1971: 11; Bailey 1979: 8a; KEWA: III 633, EWAia: I 12Q.
arman, n [Fird.] ‘labour, sorrow’, probably from Sogd. rm’’n, probably to Har- ‘to move, to raise’: Av. ar1- ‘to move’, Ved. AR1- ‘id.’, cf. Ved. rtf- ‘attack’ as the active counterpart to an inactive *rmana-. AIW: 183-184; Henning 1977: I 641; EWAia: I 1Q5-Q6.
arra, n [Fird.] ‘saw’, also ar, Bal. harray, Khot. ara, cf. Ved. srni ‘sickle’. Horn 19Q1: 54; Bailey 1979: 22b; KEWA: III 498-99.
ars, n [LF] ‘tear’, MPrs. ars [ ’ls], Av. asm-, Ved. asru-; cf. ask. Horn 1893: 17-18, Horn 19Q1: 53; MacKenzie 1971: 11; EWAia: I 138.
artang, n [Xaqanl] ‘the book of Mam and other concepts connected with him’, to MPrs. Ardahang (‘apparently his [Mani’s] drawing of the cosmos’, M. Boyce 1975: 13), Parth. ’rdhng< *arta-eanha ‘message of truth’, cf. urdibhist and OPrs. віл-, eanh- ‘to say, to proclaim’, Ved. SAS-‘to instruct, to inform’; Prs. artang has many variants: aryang, arhang,
arjang, arsang, artang, cang, tang. Horn 19Q1: 12; Brandenstein-Mayrhofer 1964: 146; Asmussen 1987: 689-69Q; EWAia: II 632-633.
artesdar, n [BQ] ‘soldier’, quoted in older dictionaries as a «pehlevi» word (hence the contemporary artes ‘army’), MPrs. artёstar [4tyst4] ‘warrior’, which was borrowed from Av. raвaё-star- ‘warrior’ (^ ‘standing in a chariot’), cf. Ved. rathestha-; v. rah and istadan; cf. also Ved. sthirdh ‘immovable, firm, strong’; thus artёsdar is a word which came to Persian not by natural phonetic development, but via two «learned» borrowings. AIW: 15Q6-Q7; Nyberg 1964-74: 3Q; MacKenzie 1971: 11; KEWA: III 529, EWAia: II 429-3Q.
arvand, n [Fird.] ‘experience(d)’, also alvand, MPrs. arwand [ 4wnd] ‘valiant, swift’, Av. auruuant- ‘swift, hero, valiant’, Ved. drvan- ‘a courser’, AR1- ‘to set in motion’; the word seems to be a component of the «learned» Zoroastrian-oriented lexicon. AIW: 2QQ; MacKenzie 1971: 11; EWAia: I 121-22.
arves, n [BQ] ‘special rope used in the Zoroastrian cult’, MPrs. arwёs [7wys] < *vraisa- (*Vvris-), Av. urvaёs- ‘to turn, to twist’, Ved. VRES- ‘to bend’. AIW: 1533-35; Nyberg 1964-74: 3Q; MacKenzie 1971: 11; Bailey 1979: 218a; EWAia: I 597 (vris-), 598 (yresl-).
arz, n [Fird.] ‘price, value’, also arj, ary, MPrs. arz [KSP, 7c], Sogd. ’ry ‘id.’, Av. a^j- ‘to be worth’, hence arzan [Fird.] ‘cheap’, MPrs. arzan, Sogd. Man. ёzan [ ’yzn], Khot. asana- ‘worthy’, Ved. ARH- ‘to be worthy’. Horn 1893: 17, Horn 19Q1: 53 (ex Lagarde № 25), 71; AIW: 192; Henning 1977: I 5Q7; MacKenzie ll; XaleqЇ 1977: 89-9Q; Bailey 1979: 22a-23b, 26b; EWAia: I 124.
arzan, n [Fird.] ‘millet’, Afgh. ydan, MPrs. arzan, Khot. aysam, all to
*rzana- (Vraz- ‘to grow’ as in Osset. rwzyn ‘to grow’) cf. Ved. RAJ2- ‘to stretch’. Bailey 1979: 2Qb; Абаев 1958-9Q: II 399-4QQ; MacKenzie 1971: 11; EWAia: II 425.
arziz, n [Fird.] ‘lead’, MPrs. a^z [7cyc], cf. Osset. (ErycEw ‘tin’ (absent in Абаев 1958—9Q: I, but v. Миллер 1927-1934: III 127). from *Vark- ‘to shine’, Ved. ARC- ‘to shine’, NB arcis- ‘a ray, lustre’; Geldner (apud Hubschmann 1885: 1Q1) connected a^z to Av. a^za-‘Kampf, Schlacht’ (AIW: 2Q2), this hypothesis had later been abandoned. Horn 1893: 17, Horn 19Q1: 91; Hubschmann 1895: 12; MacKenzie 1971: 11; Xa^ 1977: 91; Bailey 1979: 143a; EWAia: I 114-15.
_v'
asav, n? [FZT, a single quotation from Sahm, XIX Cent.] ‘destitute; an old or sick horse’ - a Turkish loanword, cf. Kirg. asau (Радлов, 1893-1911: I 536), Doerfer 1963-75: II 58; Юдахин (19653 has asoo, azoo.
asa, adj [BQ] ‘yawning’, by vowel dissimilation from asa, v. asudan. asgudar, n [Unsuri] ‘courier’, fusion of asp-guSar, v. asp and guzastan. Lane 1863-1893 V: 235Q.
asp, n [Fird.] ‘horse’, MPrs. asp [SWSY’, ’p], Sogd. ’sp, Khot. assa-, OPrs. asa- (a SW word, e.g., in asabara ‘horseman’ cf. suvar), Med. (^
OPrs.) aspa- (e.g. in uvaspa- ‘possessing many horses’), Av. aspa-, Ved. dsva-. Horn 1893: 19, Horn 19Q1: 74; AIW: 216-17; Lenz 1926: 27879; Brandenstein-Mayrhofer 1964: 1Q6, 1Q7, 15Q; Nyberg 1964-74: 32; MacKenzie 1971: 12; Bailey 1979: 11a; EWAia: I 139-4Q.
aspil, n [RudaH] ‘horse-stealer’, could be a Saka loanword (e.g., from assa bida ‘he takes [lit. ‘carries’, Vbar-] the horses’) remodelled to resemble asp.
aspres, n [Fird.] ‘running-place for horses’, MPrs. aspris [ ’splys], the first part of the compound obviously being asp; -re.z is probably the present base of re.xtan ‘to pour; to flow’, showing the same semantics as *Vtak- ‘to flow, to run’, v. taxtan (EWAia: I 61Q-11); as Hubschmann observed, Horn’s attempt to connect -re.z (with variants -г.s, -ras) to rah is phonetically difficult. Horn 19Q1: 33; Hubschmann 1895: 66; Nyberg 1964-74: 32; MacKenzie 1971: 12.
aspast, n [At?ima] ‘clover, trefoil’, also aspist, Afgh. spista, MPrs. aspast [’spst], Akk. asupasti (^ OPrs.), Aram. ’spst, Arab. fuss; probably ‘horse (asp)- food (*as-ti, *Vad-)’; Ved. AD- ‘to eat’. Horn 1893: 19, Horn 19Q1: 29; Bailey 1949-5Q: 121-22, 1979: 12a; MacKenzie 1971: 12; EWAia: I 61-62.
asta, n [Abu-l-Ma0al] ‘kernel, bone’, cf. has^, ustuxvan, MPrs. ast(ag) [ ’st(k)], Sogd. ’stk, Khot. astai, Av. ast-, Ved. asthi-. Horn 1893: 2Q; Horn 19Q1:67; AIW: 211-212; MacKenzie 1971: 12; Bailey 1979: 28b; EWAia: I 15Q-51.
astar, n [Nasir Xusr.] ‘mule’, MPrs. astar [ ’stl], Ved. asvatard- (the suffix -tara- denotes approximation to the meaning of the base); in other Iranian languages the ‘mule’ is *xara-tara-: Sogd. yrtr’k, Khot. khadara-. Horn 1893: 21, Horn 19Q1: 74; Hubschmann l895: 123, 178; Bailey 1979: 7Qb-71a; EWAia: I 14Q.
astarang, n [AsJad^ ‘mandrake’, also istarang, probably connected to ast ‘bone’, anthropomorhic allusions frequently were done in connection to this plant; it could be traced to *ast-r-, an -r-enlargement of the ‘bone’-word, cf. Gk. оатракоу ‘earthen vessel; potsherd’ and aazpdyalog ‘one of the vertebrae, especially of the neck; ball of the ankle-joint; hence also plant-names, e.g. milk-vetch, Orobus niger’ the name of the latter resembling obviously astarang. Cf. Frisk 196Q-72: I 172, II 43637.
astarvan, n [Xaqarn] ‘barren female’, also satravan, JPrs. astarvand, MPrs. starvan [stlwn], with other suffixes cf. Wakh. strin, Ved. stanh. Horn 19Q1: 84; Morgenstierne 1938: II 7; MacKenzie 1971: 77; Грюнберг, Стеблин-Каменский 1976: 452; KEWA: III 512-13. astim, satim v. astin.
asan, n [LF] ‘turned vest’, rather an East Iranian borrowing < *asy-ana-, as *a-cyana- > Khot. acana- ‘thread’, cf. Yaghn. siy- ‘to sew’, Sogd. suw- [swm-] ‘id.’, Ved. swyati ‘to sew, to join’; v. azandan. Bailey 1979: lb, 16a; KEWA: III 477-78.
ask, n [LF] ‘tear’ < *arsk < *asru-ka, as Osset. syg, Khot. aska-, Sogd. casku [cskw] (< *casm-asku-), cf. Av. asru-, Ved. asru- and ARS. Horn l893: 21, Horn 19Q1: 88; Hubschmann 1895: 15; Bailey 1979: 27b; Абаев 1958-9Q: III 185-86; EWAia: I 138-39.
askaft, n ^s-o Ramm] ‘cleft’, Bailey 1979: 65a: Khot. keca ‘cleft, ravine’ < *kart-ca-, cf. BS giri-kandara- + personal letter with Persian word, cf. sikaftan.
askob, n [Azraq^ ‘ceiling, storey’, MPrs. askdb [ ’skwp], a loanword from Aramaic, its Assyrian correspondence being askuppu ‘stone slab; threshold, doorsill; lower edge, step (of a wagon, of a contrivance for drawing water)’, askuppatu ‘slab, threshold, doorsill’ (> Aram. i/eskupta, JAram. skwp, Arab. uskuffa, von Soden 1959-б5: I 74; possibly connected to Arab. saqf ‘ceiling’ Lane 1863-1893 IV: 1362-63); cf. also Akk. asuppu ‘portico’. Horn 19Q1: 6; CAD A-2: 333-35; MacKenzie 1971: 13; Kaufman 1974: 37, 38.
aso, adj [BQ] ‘heavenly’, the «learned» Zoroastrian term borrowed from MPrs. asd ‘righteous’ that, in its turn, is adopted from Av. asavan-
< *rtavan-, v. urdibihist. MacKenzie 1971:. 13;
о " ”
atlas, n [Xaqarn] ‘satin’, not recognized by FZT as an Arabic loanword, cf. atlas11 ‘garment or piece of cloth of woven silk (because of its smoothness; satin)’, from T-L-S ‘to become old and worn out (about a clothing)’, Lane 1863-1893: V 1866-67.
avara, n [SaMdi BaM] ‘account-book’, < *a-para-ka- ‘debtless’, cf. Khot. para- ‘debt’, Av. para- ‘id.’, api-par- ‘to pay’, Vpar-, v. pur. Bailey 1979: 231a.
avbaridan, v [RйdakЇ] ‘to ingulf, to swallow’, also avbastan [Girsasp-Namah], MPrs. dpar [ ’wp’l-] < ava-para-, the verb comes from ava-parayati, cf. Av. par4- ‘to go through’, Ved. PAR- ‘to transfer (safely)’. Nyberg 1964-74: 145; AIW: 851; EWAia: II 85-86.
avbas, n [ Nasir Xusr.] ‘common people, ruffians’, not recognized by FZT as an Arabic loanword, cf. Lane 1863-1893: VIII 2916: wabs and wabas — singulars to awbas ‘a medley, the lowest or meanest sort of people’; since Lane explains the singulars as secondary to the plural, it is still possible to seek for a Persian word as its ultimate source. Noldeke apud Hubschmann 1895: 19; Lane 1863-1893: VII 475.
avgandan, v [Sindbad-Nama] ‘to throw, to cast away’, also afkandan [RйdakЇ], MPrs. abgandan [LMYTWNtn], Parth. ’bgndn, OPrs. avakanam ‘ich setzte, placierte (oder auch kraftiger: «warf»)’, Av. auua-kanta ‘they excavated’; the notions of ‘digging’ and ‘throwing’ seem to be connected: ‘digging’ is ‘throwing the mud away’; then cf. Ved. KHAN- ‘to dig’; v. kandan. Horn 1893: 24; AIW: 437-38; Brandenstein-Mayrhofer 1964: 128; Nyberg 1964-74: 21; MacKenzie 1971: 4; Bailey 1979: 5Qb-51a; EWAia: I 446-47.
aviras, n [BQ, Lane 1863-1893: VII 5Q9] ‘a certain number of crimes’, likely to be, together with MPrs. avirist (or, in old transliteration dirist) ‘learned’ loanwords from Av. avaorista- ‘an attack by one who is
armed’, < *ava- + ^urvaёs- ‘to turn’ (cf. OEng. wrigjan) AIW: 1533-34; Hubschmann 19QQ: 2QQ; on the other hand, if traced to a dialect with -*d-> -*8- > -r- (cf. Caucasian Tati, Armenian etc.), could be connected to MPrs. apё-dat [’pyd d’t] ‘unlawful’, Arm. apirat ‘wicked’, v. dad. Nyberg 1964-74: 27.
aviza, adj [BQ, Lane 1863-1893: VII 5Q9] ‘chaste, pure’, obviously the same word as avїza ‘grape beverage’, MPrs. apёcak ‘pure, sacred’ < *afi^cak < *apa-vaicaka-, v. veza and bextan. Nyberg 1928-31: 18, 1964-74: 27.
avrang1, n [Fird.] ‘throne’, extracted from haftavrang ‘Ursa Maior’ by semantic attraction exercised by avrang2, Prs. haftavrang and MPrs. haftdirang are probably ‘learned’ loanwords from Av. haptd.iringa- ^ *‘seven components’; cf. Ved. linga- ‘mark’: its Iranian correspondence *ringa- occurs also in Sogd.pring ‘damask (a fabrique)’ < *upa-ringa-, v. firind, parand, pirang. Nyberg 1928-31: 91; AlW: 1767; Henning 1977: II 222-26, 263; EWAia: II 478.
avrang2, n [VR] ‘glory, splendour’, also drang [Daqiqi]; Horn’s proposal (MPrs. awlbrang < *abi-ranga-, cf. rang) was dismissed by Hubschmann; Gershevitch compared avrang to Av. aiwi.xvar'nah-‘equipped with, surrounded by majesty’ and derived it from the corresponding OPrs. *abi-farnah- the necessary phonetic steps being *abfarnah > (?) *abarrang > *ab'rang; cf. also dreng Horn 1893: 31, Horn 19Q1: 39; Hubschmann 1895: 2Q; Nyberg 1964-74: 39; Benveniste 1936: 195; Gershevitch 1985: 191-94, cf. OInd. Vraj-, EWAia: II 424ff.
avrand v. avrang2; dictionaries quote the following verse of Abu Sukuri Balxi:
Zi rdz-i vapasin an к-as xabar rnst Juz avrandidan-as kar-i digar rnst the word avrandїdan is glossed as ‘to be cunning’, thus the following translation would be expected:
«Starting with the next day he, who has no understanding, did nothing else but cunning...»; however, the meaning of avrang ‘glory, splendour’ perfectly leads to almost the same meaning - ‘glorifying (himself)’. Then the word avrand ‘cunning’ disappears altogether.
avrat, n [Rumi] ‘woman’, an Arabic loanword, cf. Lane 1863-1893: V 2194 ?awrat ‘pudenda’, Dozy 1881: II ?-w-r ‘concavum facere’ with a clear semantic development; Gauthiot proposed an ingenious but unnecessary etymology for this word tracing it to *ap-parat ‘qui porte l’eau’ since Wakhi has yupkvor a «designation de la femme d’apres son role domestique» (191б: 249, cf. also Грюнберг, Стеблин-Каменский 1976: 512); an old etymology proposed by Salemann (1889: 11Q) explained this word as a borrowing from Uigh. uragyt, whereas Radloff traced this Turkish word to Arab. ?awrat: Радлов, 1893—1911: I 339, Doerfer 1963-75: III 358-59.
avzandidan, v [BQ, AnandR.] ‘to throw, to cast’, probably a Parthian correspondence to avzan [Fird.] ‘killing’, cf. Parth. ’wjn- [dzan-] ‘to kill’, ’wjy’n [dzayan] ‘slaughter’, Av. aiwi-zan-, v. zadan. Horn 1893: 31; Boyce 1977: 17.
avzulidan, v [BQ] ‘to raise, to excite’, avzйl ‘instigation, speed’ could come through Soghdian [-l- < *-£-], < *ava^S-, cf. Av. yaod- ‘in unruhige Bewegung geraten’, yrndista- ‘the best fighter’, Ved. YODH-‘to fight’, Ved. udyodh- ‘to riot’. AIW: 1231, 13Q2; EWAia: II 418-19.
axgal, n [BQ] ‘beard of corn, pile of barley’, also axkal, — if < *nk-ka-la-, could be compared to Gk. vaKog ‘wool’, its meaning being ‘the wool of corn etc. (NB Eng. beard)’. Pokorny 1959-69: 754.
axgar, n [DaqЇqЇ] ‘charcoal, a live coal’, probably to *ahkara- <
*adr(y)a-kara-, v. atas and for *^kar- ‘to burn, to kindle’ cf. Eilers 1974: 3Q7ff.
axkuk, n [Asad^ ‘unripe fruit’, a Turkish loanword, cf. Kaz. akala ‘die Fruchtkapseln verschiedener Baumarten’ (Rasanen, 1969-1971: 38b) and kok, kuk ‘blue, green’ (ibid. 287a); the first part of the compound could also be aq in its secondary meaning ‘young, fresh’, cf. Севортян 1974: 116-17.
axm, n [Mulla Tuyra, XVII Century] ‘wrinkle, frown’, also axma <
*axman-, *axmn- ‘(sign of) painfulness’, cf. Av. aka-, aya- ‘evil’, axti-‘pain’, MPrs. ak ‘evil, harm’, Khot. achai ‘disease, pain’, Ved. dka-‘pain’. AIW: 44-45, 47-48, 51; MacKenzie 1971: 7; Bailey 1979: 16b; EWAia: I 39.
axs, n [BQ] ‘value, worth’ < *arys (cf. ary, arz), with a remnant of the Old Iranian Nom. Sg. marker (as atas); thus an ancient root-noun could have the following paradigm:
Nom. Sg. *ary-s (< IE *erguh-s), cf. axs;
Acc. Sg. *ary-am (< IE *ergyh-m), cf. ary;
Gen. Sg. *arj-ah (< IE *erg-h-os), cf. arj. axseJ, adj [Axstkati] ‘opposite, contrary’, probably a late Soghdian form, cf. Yaghn. dxis, axs ‘the other one’: it is a conglutination of two pronouns: ax (Sogd. Buddh. ’yw, Chr., Man. xw), and is (< *aisa-), Андреев, Пещерева, 1957: 227-28, 264-65; -yc functioned in Soghdian as an adjective suffix, cf. Gershevitch 1954: 153 § 1Q11.
axta, adj [BQ] ‘castrated’, a Turkish (^ Mongolian ?) loanword, cf. Cag. axta, Mong. aqta ~ axta; the Altaic words could however be early Persian borrowings, v. ahixtan ‘to pull up, to extract’; axtan [Sana^] seems to be an artficial infinitive to axta, though there could have been a trend to abbreviations: ahixtan > axtan > axtan. Rasanen 1969-1971: 9b; Doerfer 1963-75: 114-117; Севортян 1974: 77-78.
axtar, n [Fird.] ‘star’, MPrs. axtar, cf. its etymology as described by Eilers (l967: 115ff.; 1976: 8ff.; 1989: 123): it «...is an early back-formation from MPrs. apaxtar (v. baxtar) ‘planet’ produced by artificial dropping of the first component (false deglutination); this was made possible by a notion that apaxtar meant ‘off-star’ or ‘unstar’ (m-axtar)
whereas in reality apaxtar can be traced through the Old Iranian
*apaxtara- (backward-turning, retrograde) to Arian *apak- or apank-‘backward’; the planets were regarded as abnormal stars becouse their courses appear to be in the opposite direction to the eastward motion of the firmament» (Eilers 1989: 123, also Hubschmann 1884: 428, Bartholomae 1888: 154); Khwar. axar- in axarvёnїk ‘astrologer’ might be another irregular simplification of *apaxtara-; cf. also Av. apqs, Ved. apanc- (and baz). AIW: 82; XaleqЇ 1977: 87-88; EWAia: I 85.
ayara, n [BQ, AnandR, Lane 1863-1893: VII 537] ‘bracelet; account-book’, cf. yara.
ayfuda, adj [Rudaki, LF] ‘silly coxcomb, boasting’, from Soghdian, cf. Buddh. ’’y’btk [ayafidak] ‘perverted’ > *ayBda(g) > ayfuda, Man. ’’yptyy ‘id.’, cf. ’’y’np- ‘to commit adultery’: *^yafi- ~ Ved. YABH- ‘to copulate’; v. Jaf [LF] and yaVa. Gershevitch 1954: 25 § 164; Henning 1977: I 649; EWAia: II 398-99.
aylul, n [Muxtan] a «rumb> winter month, cf. Hebr. elul. Lane 18631893: VII 586.
ayvan, n [DaqЇqЇ] ‘verandah, gallery’, the old etymology (< *adhi-ban-, to ban ‘house’, Horn 1893) was brilliantly replaced by Henning’s proposal to connect ayvan and OPrs. appadana- ‘palace’ (* appadana- >
*apaSan > *afiSan > *afiSan > ayvan), cf. Parth. ’pdn (the decisive form for the reconstruction), Man. MPrs. ”ywn, Zor. MPrs. ёмт ‘stalk, trunk’ (MacKenzie 1971: ’dwn), also Syr. apaSna, Arab. fadan ‘(tall) pavillion’. Henning 1977: II 195; Brandenstein-Mayrhofer 1964: 1Q4; Lane 1863-1893: VI 2353.
ayyar, n [Nizam^ a «rumb> spring month, cf. Hebr. ijjar. Lane 18631893: VII 536. '
az, conj [Abus. BaM] ‘of, from’, MPrs. az (hc, Man. MN, ’z), Parth. ’z, Khot. jsa, OPrs. haca, Av. haca, Ved. saca. Horn 1893: 8; Nyberg 1964-74: 88; MacKenzie 1971: 15; KEWA: 418.
az(a)y, n [Busukur] ‘a thing lopped; cutting’, MPrs. azg [’zg], Gk. доход, iE *ozgho- (*Vsegh-, Pokorny 1959-69: 786). MacKenzie 1971: 1Q.
azdar, adj [Fird.] ‘worthy, beautiful’, etym.? -zd- might refer to Saka origin, cf. Khot. aysdara- ‘supporter’ ( < *uz- + dar-, Bailey 1979: 66); however, it could also be Khot. uysnaura- ‘human being’, at least once attested as uysdaura- [uzdor3]: everything related to Khotan was greatly appreciated in the Persian world, cf. Lane 1863-1893: XVII 28Q-82. azera, conj [Nasir Xusr.] ‘because’, also zёra. azdaha, n [Fird.] ‘dragon’, also azdar (from azdarha, where -ha is misunderstood as a plural marker, -r- intrusive), MPrs. Azdahag [ ’cydh’k, Man. ’zdh’g], Av. Azis Dahako ‘dragon’, an important mythological character, containns azi- ‘snake’ (MPrs. ‘dragon’, Yidga їz, Ved. ahi-‘snake’; Morgenstierne 1938: il-index *52; EWAia: I 156) and *dmhaka- ‘having the magic power’ (cf. Av. dayhah- ‘the magic power of the tongue’, Ved. DAMS- ‘to be magically powerful’, EWAia: I 688-
689); Nyberg considers the Middle and New Persian words as «technical» loanwords from Avestan. Horn 1893: 19, Horn 19Q1: 63; Lenz 1926: 28Q; Nyberg 19-74: 42; MacKenzie 1971: 16; Teubner 1974: 3Q2.
azk/gahan, adj [Manucihn] ‘lazy, indolent, idle’, cf. MPrs. asgiharnh [ ’sygyh/d’n-] ‘lazyness’, Nyberg 1964-74: 34: Nyberg is here sceptical about his earlier proposal (1928-31: 24) to trace *asё-kahan to *и$ё-kahana- ‘gering an Aufmerksamkeit’, where *usi- would be comparable to the Avestan word for ‘ears; attention’, cf. Ved. uve ‘I see’, avis-‘evident’, Gk. ovg ‘ear’ (AIW: 4l4; EWAia: I 177, 233; Pokorny 195969: 78), Уkah-, cf. kih.
Abbreviations
Afgh. Afghani Lat. Latin
Akk. Akkadian Man. Manichean
Arab. Arabic Med. Median
Aram. Aramaic MPrs. Middle Persian
Arm. Armenian Mong. Mongolian
Av. Avestan MTurk. Middle Turkish
Bal. Balochi NW North West Iranian
Baxt. Baxtiari OEng. Old English
BS Buddhist Sanskrit OInd. Old Indic
Buddh. Buddhist OIrl. Old Irish
Chr. Christian OPrs. Old Persian
E East Iranian Orm. Ormuri
Elam. Elamite Osset. Ossetic
Eng. English Parth. Parthian
Germ. German Prs. Persian
Gk. Greek Sogd. Sogdian
Hebr. Hebrew Sugh. Sughnan
Hitt. Hittite Syr. Syriac
IE Indo-European SW South West Iranian
Indo-Ar. Indo-Arian Turf. Turfanian
Ir. Iranian Turk. Turkish
JAram. Jewish Aramaic Uigh. Uighur
JPrs. Jewish Persian Ved. Vedic
Kaz. Kazakh Yaghn. Yaghnobi
Khot. Khotanese YAram. Young Aramaic
Khwar. Khwarezmian YPrs. Young Persian
Kurd. Kurdish Zor. Zoroastrian
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Summary. L. G. Herzenberg. Studies in Persian Etymology I.
Persian etymologies are a special field of research. Its foundations were laid down by a number of known scholars, including: Paul De Lagarde and James Darmesteter, Paul Horn and Heinrich Hubschman, Walter Bruno Henning and Wilhelm Eilers.. This paper aims to summarize the most essential part of what has been done. The abbreviations used in this paper were borrowed from M. Mayrhofer’s Etymologisches Wdrterbuch des Altindoarischen and from similar books and papers.
Проблемы
КЛАССИЧЕСКОЙ ФИЛОЛОГИИ И НЕОЭЛЛИНИСТИКИ
