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5Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, p VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 12
educational, natural and social sciences fV ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor Q SJIF 2022: 5.947
Advanced Sciences Index Factor ~ ASI Factor = 1.7
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF ECONOMY OF BUKHARA REGION IN 8090 YEARS OF THE 20th CENTURY
Botirov Diyorbek Sobir ugli, Shirinova Firuza Inoyatovna
Navoi State Pedagogical Institute.
ABSTRACT
The article analyzes the economic state of the Bukhara region in the 80-90s of the last century, violations in the redistribution of available resources, negligence towards the possibilities of the region, which had a negative impact on the development of social status and on the entire social life.
Key words: economy, education, gas, cotton, silkworm, social life, national question.
АННОТАЦИЯ
В статье анализируется экономическое состояние Бухарской области в 80-90-х годах прошлого века, нарушения в перераспределении имеющихся ресурсов, пренебрежительное отношение к возможностям региона, что негативно сказалось на развитии социального статуса и на всю общественную жизнь.
Ключевые слова: экономика, образование, газ, хлопок, шелкопряд, общественная жизнь, национальный вопрос.
INTRODUCTION
It is known that the Bukhara region since the time of the previous regime was one of the leading regions of the republic in terms of industrial production. A number of industries have developed from the largest gas industry in Uzbekistan in the Bukhara region, such as gold mining, oil, karakul breeding, cotton growing, silkworm breeding. In the 1980s, the city of Gazli, the largest gas reserve in Uzbekistan in the Bukhara region, became a source of economic gas and gas production for the entire USSR. A large gas industry has been created in Uzbekistan. Exploration and development of gas fields has increased.
In 1984, gas reserves exceeded 900 billion cubic meters. More than 100 oil fields have been discovered in the country, and the activities of Bukhoroneftegaz have expanded. The people of Bukhara are very pleased that many rich natural gas fields have been discovered and developed in the country. However, unfortunately, the easy use of the found wealth is prohibited. Only the Moscow Government and the Central Government could solve this problem.
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 12 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
As a result of the construction of the Gazli UGS facility of the same name from 1970 to 1985, the gas capacity was 2.0-2.4 billion cubic meters. m. Only the construction of the Bukhara oil refinery during the years of independence, on the basis of the Uzbek-French-Japanese cooperation, the enterprise began to provide about 80% of the domestic demand for diesel fuel [1].
It is known from history that cities in the European part of the USSR were supplied with Bukhara gas. The Bukhara-Ural gas transmission system has been expanded. The plan for the development of this section in 1980 was called the Central Asia - Central Asia Gas Pipeline. The total length of the road was 5,500 km, and the throughput capacity was 80 billion cubic meters of gas.
There were many factors that contributed to the development of light industry in the region. First of all, these were industrial enterprises engaged in the cultivation and processing of cotton, cocoons, and hemp. In the late 1980s, there were 107 ginneries in the country, including Bukhara. Whatever the demand for such raw materials, spinning factories in Vobkent, Gijduvan and Bukhara worked constantly. The semifinished product went to Moscow in a row. Even by agreement with the Russian textile town of Ivanovo, Uzbek youth were sent to vocational training centers. The administrative-command mechanism created by the administration was a kind of obstacle. This undermined the progressive changes in economic life of the 1980s, as well as ways of reforming the economy and social life. In the Bukhara region, as in other regions, the task was to increase the efficiency of production, the transition to economic methods. There was a depression in the economy and social development, reminiscent of a crisis. The point was the inability to give a sufficient political assessment of this or that historical development as a whole.
The lack of an objective assessment of the state of Soviet society led to the identification of strategic and tactical guidelines that did not correspond to real life. The vices of glorifying the achievements of practice, the pursuit of quantity, not noticing the shortcomings, more and more took root in life. By the mid-1980s, the level of national income per capita had dropped sevenfold. The economy made big mistakes in the transition to intensive production methods, the use of raw materials and energy resources. Instead of saving material resources, they were used mercilessly
But the social life of people remained unchanged. According to the latest estimates, only gold and uranium, which were directly subordinate to the allied ministers, were delivered to the center in the amount of 15 billion dollars [2,210].
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 12 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
A difficult situation has arisen as a result of the violation of the labor incentive system in social relations. Wages for highly skilled workers have plummeted. Naturally, the attitude of the population to work is declining. Unfortunately, such an unfortunate situation was observed in the systems of public education and health care. Low wages persisted. Ethnic relations were not spared by adversity. The aggravation of nationalist sentiments among the local population affected the relations between the Meskhetian Turks living in the region.
Social processes taking place in society, including the awareness of national identity, a growing interest in history, national customs and the heritage of their people, are not sufficiently taken into account. The problems of national identity and the preservation of the language of the nation are growing. Regardless of the specific demographic situation in the Bukhara region, funds allocated from the state budget for the social sphere are annually reduced according to the principle of balance. Although quantitative changes were observed in education, health care and public services, they did not really meet human needs. [3].
In addition, measures have been taken in the Bukhara region to develop cotton growing, which is the most developed agricultural product in the region. Although 3,184 cotton was harvested in the country in one year using cotton pickers, such machines were purchased from more than 40 countries, but the cotton was mostly picked by hand. By this time, the quality of agriculture in many areas of the Bukhara region had deteriorated. The interest of rural workers in the results of their labor is weakening. According to the order of the center, the production of raw cotton increased from year to year, but the net income of the population remained low.
This situation was observed not only in the Bukhara region, but also in all parts of the republic. Like all regions of the country, the Bukhara region unilaterally developed industry. In general, Bukhara has become a raw material base for industrial enterprises in other regions. Although the abundance of cotton and hemp products provided an opportunity for the development of light industry and a large income, in practice this opportunity was realized with someone's consent.
Along with strengthening the material and technical base of cotton growing, the constant use of chemicals to increase cotton yields worsened the ecological state of the region. Bukharians, like others, could not enjoy growing raw cotton in difficult conditions. The aforementioned cotton processing or textile enterprises could not independently produce finished products. [4]. In the 1980s, the cotton fields of the Bukhara region expanded with new protected lands. The construction and commissioning of the Amu-Bukhara canal in 1965 and its expansion in the late 1980s
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, p VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 12
educational, natural and social sciences fV ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor Q SJIF 2022: 5.947
Advanced Sciences Index Factor ASI Factor = 1.7
provided water for 90,000 hectares of land in the Bukhara region, including 26,000 hectares of new irrigated land, which led to the opening of 16 new collective farms and 2 state farms. In general, the material and technical base of agriculture has been strengthened. The power supply of farms, the supply of agricultural machinery and mineral fertilizers have significantly improved.
The development of the agrarian monoculture of the republic can be seen on the example of the Bukhara region. By the end of the 1980s, cotton was planted on 2 million hectares of land in the country. In Bukhara oblast, the sown area for cotton accounted for two-thirds of the total sown area. Thus, the monoculture of cotton became the dominant industry. The wages paid for raw cotton were very low. The Bukhara region also grows corn and wheat, but in the late 1980s, attention to this sector declined. Only from the moment of gaining independence the correct use of arable land, their effective use in the interests of the people brings a certain profit.
In the mid-80s, in the Bukhara region, as in other regions of the republic, it became a tradition to grow sweet fruits, melons and pumpkins. In addition, there are Karakul state farms in the Bukhara region, where millions of Hisar and Jaidarin sheep were raised, the skins of which were mainly supplied to the Center.
And even two-thirds of the cocoons grown in Uzbekistan were Bukhara cocoons. About 4 million tons of honey produced in 1985 in the country fell to the share of Bukharans. But although the owners of these achievements were local residents, others remained their users. "Real interests, unique conditions and opportunities of Uzbekistan are ignored [5,17].
CONCLUSION
As a result, a flawed, one-sided raw material structure of the national economy was formed ". Because, at all congresses of the CPSU, the need for a transition to an intensive form of development has been repeatedly emphasized. By this time, a gap had arisen between word and deed. Unpleasant situations have arisen as a result of the violation of the labor incentive system in social relations. The crisis in the country was especially acute in the Bukhara region. The first President I. Karimov said: "... at that time Uzbekistan became a semi-colonial country with a one-sided economy -completely dependent on the Center."Thus, despite the fact that the Bukhara region during the years of Soviet power is rich in natural raw materials and agricultural products, the region's economy in 1980-1990 was in a difficult situation and had a negative impact on the social life of the population.
Almost all local enterprises, that is, enterprises specializing in the production of cotton, were directly dependent on Russia. If we compare the socio-economic
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Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 12 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
situation of Uzbekistan with the history of foreign countries and the practice of that time, it becomes clear that at that time the country was in a semi-colonial state with a hypertrophied economy.
REFERENCES
1. Aminova A. From the history of the formation of industrial cities of Prizaravshanya. // A look into the past t 4. - No. 7., dated 08.24.2021
2. Usmonov K., Sodikov M. History of Uzbekistan. (1917 - 1991) Tashkent, "Shark" 2003. - 210 p.
3. e-tarix. uz. 1945 - 80 yillard Yzbekiston thisodiyoti.
4. Karimov I. A. Uzbekistan aspiring to the 21st century. Uzbekistan, 1999 - P.6.
5. Karimov I. A Building a socially oriented market economy - the basis of the internal policy of independent Uzbekistan. Tashkent. Nishon - Noshir., 2014.- p. 1
