CC BY
10http://synopsis.kubg.edu.ua/index.php/synopsis/article /view/63 - Назва з екрану.
11. Симоненко В. Ти знаеш, що ти - людина... / Василь Симоненко. - Кшв : Наукова думка, 2001. - 296 с.
12. Федюк Т. Транснютрш / Тарас Федюк. -Кшв : Факт, 2007. -108 с.
13. Шульгун М. Сучасна лiтература подорожей: метажанр, типологiя, iмагологiчний аспект / Мадлена Шульгун. - Кшв : Талком, 2016. -416 с.
Oqbutayeva Sakhrogul Ergashali kizi
1st year Master's Student at Journalism and Mass Communications University of Uzbekistan
STRENGTHENING THE FIGHT AGAINST EXTREMIST MOVEMENTS IN INTERNET
NETWORKS
Abstract. The article analyzes how extremist religious movements in Uzbekistan have influenced societies through the Internet, how they work, and how they try to spread destructive ideologies. There are also analysis of the types of cyber-attacks carried out by extremist groups, the analysis of combating them, and conclusions on the work being done in this area.
Keywords: terrorism, extremism, religious enmity, "Jikhad", "Caliphate", destructive ideas, fakes, wakhhabism ideology.
In today's globalization process, the development of information security has become one of the most important tasks. That is why cyber security has become an important area of public policy. In the Central Asian region, especially in Uzbekistan, the policy of effective and human values against terrorism and extremism, and the policy of cooperation with neighboring countries began after Sh.M.Mirziyoyev was elected President of Uzbekistan. Because at this time, in the last quarter of 2016 and in 2018, President Sh.M.Mirziyoyev laid the foundation for a new era in the relationship between Central Asian states. There has been a warming up between Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, which have not been involved in many issues with Uzbekistan before. The economic, political and cultural relations between the two countries have developed at an unprecedented rate. The disagreements and disputes between the leaders of these countries have been eliminated. Dialogue between the region's water resources, transport, borders, customs, trade relations, visa abolition, foreign policy and economic relations, and personal differences have been addressed through dialogue.
Prime Ministers of India and Pakistan, Presidents of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, President of China - 8 heads of state attended the SCO summit in Bishkek on May 14-15, 2019. The Bishkek Declaration and 13 other documents were signed at the meeting. During the meeting, the sides discussed issues of cooperation in various fields of international relations, as well as the problems of maintaining stability and security within the SCO, combating extremism and terrorism. The Heads of State agreed to jointly combat the globalization of extremism and terrorism under the auspices of the UN.
The priority of all SCO member states is to justify all acts of terrorism and extremism, to carry out
comprehensive measures against terrorism and ideology, to advance the identification of the conditions and factors that cause terrorism and extremism, to respect and recognize the sovereignty and independence of all states declared as tasks5. In these documents, they agreed to cooperate in the field of information security to combat cyber-terrorism and their attacks on the Internet.
In recent decades, there have been instances of dissemination of malicious information through various Internet sites, messengers and social networks. In particular, Facebook, Odnoklassniki, WhatsApp, Viber, Telegram, Youtube have become virtual platforms for communicating extremist ideas, messengers, and video hosting. They have an increasing number of materials promoting national and religious hatred, promoting extremist ideas, and promoting suicide.
These sources are carriers of "harmful" information. So, in the understanding of specialists, "malicious information" includes:
1) information that incites social, racial, religious or national hatred and hostility;
2) calls for war;
3) propaganda of hatred, enmity and superiority;
4) encroachment on the honor, good name and reputation of a person;
5) information that has a destructive effect on the psyche of people6.
Electronic media are the most advanced communication channels.
The problem of filtering information in electronic networks is one of the most controversial.
It is worth noting that the Internet uses three types of recruitment extremist activities:
- official sites of extremist organizations;
5See: Подведены итоги саммита ШОС в Бишкеке. 14
июня 2019 г.// https://barometr.kg/podvedeny-itogi-sammita-shos-v-bishkeke.
6Лопатин В.Н. Понятие и структура информационно-психологической безопасности / В.Н. Лопатин // Право и политика.-2001.-№10.
- social networks, blogs, forums through which extremist materials are distributed, and their discussion is initiated;
- chats, online communities where plans and further actions of malicious groups in stealth are discussed.
Representatives of religious and political extremist movements and groups got the opportunity to engage in discussions, uphold their ideology and beliefs in Internet resources, where the audience can reach hundreds of thousands of people. Such resources adversely affect youth consciousness and are not controlled by the state and society. Extremists use the Internet to recruit new supporters, thereby replenishing their ranks.
Extremist and terrorist organizations view information extremism as the main way to replenish the number of their supporters. Contacts in Internet communities allow you to quickly keep in touch over geographically large distances, discuss, plan and coordinate future actions in a fairly hidden mode. Today, a serious danger to society is represented by sites that openly preach the ideas of extremism and terrorism. Through such resources, international terrorist organizations carry out propaganda almost unhindered radical currents of Islam, preaching the fight against the "infidels", "the creation of a world caliphate", etc.
Tools are needed to combat extremism on the Internet. The legislation uses the relevant norms in the criminal and administrative codes. But in order to block extremism, as a criminal manifestation, the legal framework should be improved, the activities of special services should be strengthened, as well as stepupideological work7.
According to some estimates, there are now over 40,000 extremist sites on the Internet. In particular, ISID has launched the Caliphate book social networking site on Facebook to promote its ideas. It is now trying to form a community of supporters of radical ideas on its pages. It has also been estimated that Twitter has around 50,000 accounts supporting ISIS ideas and activities, with an average of 1,000 "like-minded" and "followers". In addition, IS-based Al-Furqan and Al-Hayot media centers carry out propaganda attacks mainly in Arabic, English, German, French, Russian, Indian, Urdu, Bengali, Turkish, Kurdish and many other languages8.
Materials disseminated through the Internet are of various forms, mostly text, audio and video. In particular, YouTube is hosting a different video every minute 300 hours of video content will be posted. 2.37% of the material is videos promoting pornography.
According to the available data, the number of Internet users in Uzbekistan exceeds 20 million, of which 80% use mobile Internet. The number of Facebook users in Uzbekistan is more than 500,000. Average number of users of Odnoklassniki over 2 million.
In recent years, websites that promote the ideas of terrorist organizations have increased in number. Ten years ago there were 20 such sites, and today there are over 40,000. Such websites post information about changing the constitutional order of the country, violence and immorality.
In addition, extremists are spreading malicious information to their supporters via social networking sites such as WhatsApp, Telegram, Messenger, Viber, Odnoklassniki and Facebook. They mainly seek to achieve their goals by promoting such ideas as takfir, emigration, jikhad, caliphate.
Such websites appear on the network suddenly and disappear after a while, often changing their domain name and domain without changing their content. This category of sites is intended for active members of terrorist organizations, on the one hand, and for people who are not aware of the true intentions of terrorists and who have learned to perceive them as "fighters", "opposition" and the like. They aim to form appropriate public opinion in the community and to create internal hesitations through the influence of fear, panic, on the opposing side.
According to the available information, members of extremist and terrorist activities such as ID, KIB, Jihadists, Hizb-ut-Tahrir, Akromiya, Tablighters, and Nurists have access to electronic web sites and various information that has been violated by religious authorities. posting.
It also distributes articles, videos, and audio footage of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, through its Furkan.com page. This is also the case with the loyalists of the Islamic Jihad Union (IJI). Groups such as the IMU and IJI are well aware that the Internet is an important advocacy tool and are actively involved in it.
Many experts note that some of the militants' videos are highly professional. Some analysts say that thanks to the convenience of social networking sites, such video clips are costly to militants.
It is also worth noting that the makers of these videos are young European educators with some qualifications. The only thing surprising is that this high quality product belongs to the militants.
According to experts, the issues of extremism on the Internet are a new product of the 21st Century, the propaganda of terrorists. "Every time a new video is shown by the militants, the difference is different. The militants are watching how their products have impacted the international community, and they act accordingly. It is noteworthy that the latest videos posted by militants have no pictures of murder. They have realized that these international images are being used by the international media against them. "Still,
7 Валеев, А.Х. Борьба с проявлением экстремизма в
сети интернет / А.Х. Валеев. Бизнес в законе. - 2011. - №6. - С. 125.
8Слотер Энн-Мэри, Каслберр Аша. ИГИЛ 2.0 иинформационная война//
https://forbes.kz/life/opinion/igil_20_i_informatsionna ya_voyna.
images of militant victims are still used for propaganda"9.
In summary, the number of materials that promote extremist ideas is growing in the Internet. The fact that the majority of such propagandists work in foreign countries makes it difficult to combat them. In addition, representatives of extremist and terrorist organizations use social networking and messengers to spread their supporters and ideas into the minds of young people and women through Odnoklassniki, Facebook, Twitter and other networks.
Based on the above, it is advisable to:
- creation of a unified information space of the Republic of Uzbekistan, a cyber security system capable of combating cybercrime;
- providing the public with information and information on extremism in social networks, Facebook and mobile networks;
- establishment of a special center for disseminating false information and exposing extremist conspiracies in violation of Uzbekistan's domestic policy;
- provide Internet sites with information and information on true philosophy and Islamic ideas against extremist ideas, and to open dialogues on these topics.
REFERENCES:
1. Хусанов А. Кибермакондан фойдаланувчи террорчи ва экстремистлар. 17 июль 2018 й. //http://jizzax.uz/411 -kibermakondan-foydalanuvchi-terrorchi-va-ekstremistlar.html.
2. Слотер Энн-Мэри, Каслберр Аша. ИГИЛ 2.0 иинформационная война// https://forbes.kz/life/opinion/igil_20_i_informatsionna ya_voyna.
3. Валеев, А.Х. Борьба с проявлением экстремизма в сети интернет / А.Х. Валеев. Бизнес в законе.- 2011. - №6. - С. 125.
4. Лопатин В.Н. Понятие и структура информационно-психологической безопасности /
5. В.Н. Лопатин // Право и политика.-2001.-№10.
Zamira Abdullaeva Pulatkhonovna
PhD student, National University of Uzbekistan, Journalism faculty
RELATIONSHIP OF COMMUNICATIONS IN THE TELEVISION
Abstract. This article retrospectively explored theoretical issues, such as areas of television activity that we analyzed as an object of study - the creation of dynamic compositions using words and visual aids, the artistic journalistic description of the mental state, and the transmission of information on pure television.
Keywords: TV, word, image, visual expression, communication, audience, miniature.
Russian author A.N.Dedov reminded us of the five main types of communication since the time of American politician Harold Lassuel:
- who (reports),
- what (is being reported),
- how (is) done,
- to whom (the message is delivered),
- how to react10.
In our view, it is necessary to learn how the subject of the message behaves in the process. The story of the subject, who is directly involved in the incident, tells the truth. At the same time, it is important to remember that the development of television, like traditional arts, is not measured by hundreds, millennia or even decades. The unique aspects of our heritage remind us of the inevitability of the "creation" of templates and templates of television products that are the product of such a vibrant process, and then impossible to analyze. Consequently, we believe that it is necessary for a
television researcher to "move freely" in different times and space, using complex methodologies for screen products.
When the Russian researcher N.N.Misyurov commented on television communications, "Information availability has dramatically changed the image of modern journalism, interactive television allows communication with the audience (dialogue)"11, we think that the search for ways to build a dialogue with the characters that make it artistic opens the way for discoveries. So far we are listening to a monologue of the past, not a dialogue, as if we are moving the sound of the past. We are looking for a way to say the answer. For example, in order to have a dual dialogue with the Oriental miniature, it is necessary to understand the secrets of this art. Did the elegant atmosphere created by the artists influence the status of their inhabitants in classical poetry and the creation of letters? The process of finding the answer is more
9Хусанов А.Кибермакондан фойдаланувчи
террорчи ва экстремистлар. 17 июль 2018
ä//http://jizzax.uz/411 -kibermakondan-foydalanuvchi-terrorchi-va-ekstremistlar.html.
10ДедовА.Н. Технологии телевизионной журналистики: учебное пособие. Курган: Изд-во Курганского гос. ун-та, 2017. - С.15. 11 Мисюров Н.Н. Телевизионная коммуникация как "диктат большинства": взаимодействие телевидения и современной массовой культуры. Вест. Ом. ун-та. 2015. №1. - С.236.
