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STAGES OF FORMATION OF THE BIENNALE AND FESTIVALES OF MODERN
ART Shukurov D.Sh.
Shukurov Davronbek Shukurovich - Independent Researcher (PhD), NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FINE ARTS AND DESIGN NAMED AFTER KAMOLIDDINBEKHZOD,
ACADEMY OF ARTS OF UZBEKISTAN, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the stages of formation of the Biennale of Modern Art and festivals, aspects that need attention.
Keywords: biennale, festival, exhibition, triennale, quadriennale, pentiennale, manifesta, art, music, theater.
ЭТАПЫ СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ БИЕННАЛЕ И ФЕСТИВАЛЕЙ СОВРЕМЕННОГО
ИСКУССТВА Шукуров Д.Ш.
Шукуров Давронбек Шукурович - независимый научный сотрудник (PhD), Национальный институт изобразительных искусств и дизайна им. Камолиддина Бехзода Академия художеств Узбекистана, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в данной статье рассматриваются преимущества и недостатки этапов формирования биеннале современного искусства и фестивалей, аспекты, требующие внимания.
Ключевые слова: биеннале, фестиваль, выставка, триеннале, квадриеннале, пентиеннале, манифестация, искусство, музыка, театр.
Today, great importance is attached to art and culture in our country and is seen as the main criterion of social reforms, and the decrees and decisions issued in recent years directly serve to further develop them in our country. We know from history that the level of development of any nation is determined by the development of cultural life in that society. Furthermore, in the time of the statesmen or rulers who lived, if science and art were given attention and support, prosperity and peace reigned in his country. Because this field instills in the minds of the younger generation such qualities as loyalty to the motherland, respect for universal and national values, feelings of humanity.
The people of art are creative for the people and want to show the audience the product of their work. After all, let others from these works also enjoy, let them think, let the feelings of affection in their hearts increase even more. For the same and other purposes, bienalle, trienalle and festivalals are held in different states.
Bienalle is an artistic spectacle that is constantly held once every two years, any major events such as the film festival, the festival of musical arts. This word came from the Italian language [Ital. bi.en'na:le] means "once in two years" as obtained [1, 1]. In another source, Biennale so is said to have entered the Italian language from the Latin language, meaning "bi" - means two, "annus" - means Year [2, 1]. Why is Bienalle held twice a year and not every year? It takes less than a year for the art community to gather enough material for an entire exhibition. In addition, within two years, the newly created work will not become obsolete and will not lose its relevance. Therefore, a onetime interval in two years is considered ideal for Biennale transfer.
There is also an analogue triennale to biennale, which is understood as a large event, which is constantly held once in three years. This word is also Italian, in fact it came from the Latin language, that is, the Latin word "tri" -three and "annus" - Year [3, 1]. This was followed by the recent Melbourne (Victoria National Gallery) triennaleni in 2020 year (NGV Triennial 2020)1 times. Also we can cite as an example the triennales of Russian Modern Art, which have been held in Moscow since 2017 Year [4, 1].
Kvadriennale are large events that are constantly held once every four years. An example of this is the Roman kvadriennale (Quadriennale di Roma)2 and the Prague kvadriennalies (Prague Quadrannial-PP)3 dedicated to the theater and stage Design Festival, which has been held since 1967 year.
Pentiennale is one of the major festivals held regularly every five years. An example of this is the World Expo. It is held every 5 years. The first worldwide exhibition was held in 1851 in London.
In 2015 year it was received by Milan. At that time, 145 countries participated in the event and 22.2 million
1 Its first session was held in 2017.
2 The decision to hold the Roman Quadriennales was made in 1927 by the Governor of Rome. It has been held every four years since 1931 at the Palazzo delle Esposizioni in Rome. The aim of this quadriennale was to bring together the work of all Italian artists and sculptors in one exhibition.
3 The next session of this quadriennale is scheduled for 2023, with the next topic: Prague Quadrennial-PQ 2023: "RARE".
people visited it. The last time Expo-2020 was held in Dubai, in addition to Dubai, Sao Paulo (Brazil), Izmir (Turkey) and Ekaterinburg (Russia) also applied to host it. It is noteworthy that it has already gone down in history since the beginning of Expo 2020. First, the World Expo is being held for the first time in the Middle East, Africa and South Asia (MEASA). Secondly, this event is the first such large-scale event held in the Arab world. It is attended by 192 countries, each of which has its own pavilion. This is also the first time in the 170-year history of world exhibitions.
Among these pavilions was the Uzbek pavilion. The Uzbek pavilion covers an area of 1,739 square meters and conceptually represents the journey along the Great Silk Road under the motto "Mobility". The historical achievements of the country's development in the region, as well as the achievements of recent years, future development strategies are clearly described. The national pavilion of Uzbekistan was visited by an average of 2.5-3 thousand people every day, and 5-6 thousand people on weekends. The products and products made by our craftsmen have always fascinated foreigners. Our silk fabrics and national costumes on display left an unforgettable impression on the guests and expressed their desire to travel to our country. In the part of the national pavilion dedicated to the historical pages of the development of our country, there was an opportunity to get acquainted with the life and work of many scientists, poets, scholars, great thinkers who grew up in our homeland and left an indelible mark on the history of world science. The exposition, which tells about modern Uzbekistan, told about the large-scale reforms and technological achievements in all spheres in our country. The thematic exposition, which speaks about the future of Uzbekistan, reflects the development strategies of our country, the "smart cities" to be built, new technologies and promising projects. There is no doubt that the national pavilion of Uzbekistan at the World Expo-2020 Dubai will serve to rediscover Uzbekistan and further strengthen international cooperation in order to unite the peoples of the developing world and build the future. The next Expo-2025 is being prepared to be hosted by Osaka, Japan.
The Manifesto is an example of a new, fourth type of biennale - the main feature is that it travels to different cities, does not have a permanent residence, and is done each time by a new group of curators. In a word, it can be called a manifesta - a nomadic biennale [5]. The only problem with this type of mega-exhibition is the lack of a permanent tradition. It is very difficult for the next biennale to be held in a new city every time.
The first manifesto, that is, the Biennial of European Modern Art, took place in Rotterdam in 1996 year [6]. It was supposed to show the world the dynamics of the actual artistic process against the background of various new geographical, social and political situations in Europe [7]. Since this manifesto is a biennial of European Modern Art, artists from all countries of the world are invited to it not only from Europe. Manifesta 8 was held in 2010 in the Spanish city of Murcia [8].
Established in the second half of the XIX century, art festivities are becoming a large-scale phenomenon, covering almost all spheres of culture. Festivals of Fine Arts, Festivals of music and theater, festivals of cinema and photography shular are in the sentence.
Festival (French. festival Latin. festivus - "festive") - a public holiday, a demonstration of the achievements of professional and amateur artistic creativity. Another interpretation of this term is S.I.In the dictionary of the Russian language of ojegov, it is said: "Festival is a broad mass, festive meeting, which is held with a demonstration of the achievements of some kind of Art" [9, 567] of course, this definition gives the concept of the meaning of festival, first of all, not only as an artistic action inherent in cultural politics, but also as a socio-political Let's try to consider in more detail the features of festival as a form of Organization of artistic life. Any, even the longest lasting festival will have a clear calendar date when it comes to holding. For Festival events, the fields of the country, region, city and concert or theater halls are held in advance. Festival as a cultural event implies the existence of its own audience oriented towards its artistic conception [10].
Festival as an artistic life event is characterized by a unique festive atmosphere, the orientation of the best artistic teams and performers to the show, the uniqueness of the repertoire proposal, which differs from the repertoire of stationary teams. The main task of the festival is to bring a new stream into the cultural life of the country, region, city, to create the most spacious space of attraction for ordinary spectators and listeners, for professionals in the field of theater and music [11, 265].
The formation and development of the Biennale and Festivales of modern art contributes greatly to the high position of art in our society, as well as the bridge of exchange of experience between generations, the exchange of creative communication with the creators of our country and foreign guests.
As a result of the analysis of the stages of the formation of biennials and Festivales of Modern Art, the following conclusions can be drawn::
In addition to the Tashkent International Biennale of Applied Art, Tashkent International Biennale of Applied Art, the International Festival of fine and Applied Art, the introduction of triennale, kvadriennale, pentiennale, manifestos and the launch of international engagement.
This contributes greatly to the further development of fine and Applied Art in the case, which is closely connected with the experience of Jahan.
References / Список литературы
1. Histories and politics of biennials, Postmedia Books, 2011.
2. Komlev N.G. "Dictionary of foreign words", 2006.
3. Komlev N.G. "Dictionary of foreign words", 2006.
4. [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://triennial.garagemca.org/ru/exhibition/ (date of access: 27.06.2022).
5. Mityushina A. Manifesta-7: art without art // OpenSpace.Ru, 2008.
6. Mityushina A. Manifesta-7: art without art // OpenSpace.Ru, 2008.
7. Mamonov B. Manifesta 4 // ncca-kaliningrad.ru, 2002.
8. Sobstv. corr. Manifesto 8 proydet v Mursii //OpenSpace.Ru, 2009.
9. Ojegov S., Shvedova N. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language: 80,000 words and phraseological editions. M., 1995. P. 567.
10. Oganov A.A. Theory of culture: ucheb.posobie dlya vuzov / A.A. Oganov, I.G. Xangeldieva. 2-e izd., Ispr. and dop. M.: FAIR-PRESS, 2003.
11. Tulchinskiy T.L. Technological management in the field of culture, SPB., Culture, 2000. 265 pages.
