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Abdurahimova D.A., candidate of Pedagogical Sciences Associate Professor of "Humanities" of the Academy of the Armed Forces Republic of Uzbekistan Abdurahimova M.A.
Senior teacher
of the Regional Center for retraining and professional development of the staff of Public Education of Fergana region
SPIRITUAL AND MORAL CRITERIA AS A SYMBOL OF
PERFECTION
Annotation: In this article, upbringing a young generation on the basis of a comprehensive, harmonious, healthy lifestyle is one of the pressing challenges of today, and the use of rich, national, cultural, historical traditions, customs, and universal values and moral and ethical standards in the upbringing of young people. The importance of the
Key words. Adolescence, healthy living, national, cultural, customs, universal values, spiritual, moral, educational, historical, spiritual heritage, belief.
After the independence of our country, as in all spheres, the attitude to our national and spiritual heritage has changed radically. Over the centuries, the spiritual heritage based on our sacred religion, which reflects the beliefs of our people, has been gradually studied. "If I was asked why our national values have been living in such a state for so long, I would say that it is primarily due to our sacred religion," he said. If the past few generations did not keep the religious faith in their hearts and develop Islamic philosophy, we would be deprived of a priceless and unique spiritual heritage, "said the First President of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov. [1]
Bringing up our youth on the basis of a comprehensively mature, harmonious, healthy lifestyle is one of the urgent problems of today. Because the future of today's youth is the pride of our great state.
In this regard, as the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M.Mirziyoev said in his address to the Oliy Majlis on January 24, 2020, "in order to raise the level of knowledge, not only young people, but also members of our society, we need science and enlightenment. Where there is no knowledge, there will be backwardness, ignorance and, of course, misguidance.
As the sages of the East say, "The greatest wealth is intelligence and knowledge, the greatest inheritance is good upbringing, and the greatest poverty is ignorance!"
That is why the acquisition of modern knowledge, true enlightenment and high culture must become a vital need for all of us. "
Comprehensive upbringing of today's youth is not only the task of educational institutions, but also the responsibility of the family in the upbringing of children. The family is the hearth of basic upbringing. The family is a sacred place that is the main foundation of society, preserving the continuity of each nation, giving birth to a new generation that will ensure the development of national values and bring them up spiritually and physically harmoniously. The family is the main factor and means in the mental, moral, aesthetic, physical, spiritual, material upbringing of a child. In this case, the parent is an artist, the child is a work of art, and upbringing is the art itself.
In the spiritual and moral upbringing of the younger generation, the development and implementation of effective organizational, modern pedagogical forms and tools based on the rich, national, cultural, historical traditions, customs and universal values of our people, the priority of educating the individual and his comprehensive tolerance The main purpose of family education is to provide, increase the general and pedagogical culture, improve educational work among the citizens of our country.
This goal imposes the following responsibilities on parents in the upbringing of children:
- to have a healthy environment in the family, to take into account the national spirit and the Uzbek way of life, to be a role model for children, to form in the child a sense of love for his parents, the motherland, mutual care;
- improving legal education in the family, the formation of awareness and observance of the rights and duties of family members;
- to provide their children with a deep secular knowledge base, to ensure that they grow up enlightened and spiritual, cultured;
- inculcation in children of professional and economic concepts appropriate to market relations;
- creating an economic and social environment for children to be mentally and physically healthy;
- fostering in children a spirit of devotion to the ideas of independence and national ideology, as well as independent thinking and self-awareness;
- effective organization of children's leisure time from a pedagogical point of view, providing them with additional education, vocational training;
- creating the necessary conditions for the development of existing talent buds in children;
- to make children feel legally responsible for fulfilling their responsibilities to the school, community, and community;
- parents are responsible for constantly improving their pedagogical and psychological knowledge;
- analysis of the spiritual and moral aspects of teaching children thrift and entrepreneurship in the family;
- ensuring responsibility for the gradual implementation of all areas of family education;
- to understand that they are responsible for all the actions of their children before the family, school and community;
The duty of a parent to his child, in Uzbek, is as follows: to give a child a good name, to hand him over to a good teacher, to educate him, to make him educated, professional, two-headed and home-based.
It should be noted that Uzbek families, like other nations, are rich in national traditions of upbringing. Restoring, enriching, modernizing them and harmonizing them with pre-school educational institutions and school upbringing will serve to enrich not only every family, but also the socio-spiritual life of Uzbekistan as a whole.
Creating a healthy family environment depends on both father and mother. Sometimes it is the duty of the parents to the family to understand and respect each other in times of anger, to trust each other, to set the division of labor in the right way, to share the same responsibility in raising children. In the family, the child's duty to his parents is also extremely important. The boy should be the father and the girl the mother. Just as a gardener plants a seed with hope, so a parent gives birth to a child with a noble hope and nurtures it with reverence. Like a gardener who dreams of enjoying the sweet fruits of the tree, a parent will do his best to bring up his child to be an intelligent, hard-working, educated, honest, spiritually and physically fit for the development of society.
Any moral doctrine that leads man to perfection is based on its own direction, its own rules, and its own principles. "Thus, a code of ethics for the perfect man has been developed, and it is considered a dream of every human being to have these qualities. From this it is clear that the notions of good morals and perfect man in the Middle Ages are relative - on the one hand, the concept of an abstract being, which is the sum of all spiritual power, intelligence, good qualities, on the other hand, striving for this peak , a person who has achieved certain careers is also considered a perfect person. "
No parent wants evil for their child, because, as our people say, a child is created from the fat of the heart. Fitrat's book "Family" gives excellent instructions on the upbringing of children. He said, "The happiness and glory of every nation depends, of course, on the internal discipline and harmony of that nation. Peace and harmony are based on the discipline of the families of this nation. Where family relationships are based on strong discipline, the country and the nation will be as strong and resilient. "[2] In addition to these considerations, it should be borne in mind that it is the duty of every parent, even the moral and legal duty, of every child in the family to have a high consciousness, a new way of thinking and worldview, morality, a high social attitude. Because the goal of creating a spiritual, cultural, socio-economic and moral environment in the family can be achieved only if the concepts of nationality, national feeling, national ideology, faith, patriotism and humanity are deeply ingrained in the minds of
children who are the future of the Motherland. Because it is from this period that the child begins to understand concepts such as good and bad.
Morality is first and foremost important in human maturity as a socio-spiritual phenomenon. In this regard, academician E. Yusupov in his book "Spiritual Foundations of Human Perfection" states that "Morality is an independent assessment of events and happenings in concrete conditions, expressing their attitude to them" [3].
In general, morality is the manifestation of the forms and norms of human self-government, the level of spiritual maturity inherent in them in communication and attitude, which exist as an individual on the basis of social relations.
Where there is no morality, man is not formed as a social being. Only on the basis of mature morality do people form a certain attitude towards the meaning and purpose of life, duty and responsibility to society, happiness, religion, good and evil, evil, righteousness and injustice.
When the social, economic, spiritual, and cultural environment in the family is healthy, the child's consciousness encompasses sacred concepts such as kindness, compassion, honor, sincerity, and honesty. It is a human quality to have a deep understanding of the duty to respect one's parents, the Motherland and all the people around you.
A. Avloni, on the other hand, observes the scope of education in a broad way and does not limit it to morality alone. A. Avloni describes upbringing as follows: "Education is for us a matter of life or death, salvation or destruction, happiness or disaster." Because Avloni moves on to the philosophical basis of the issue. For example, he talks about the unity of body and soul: "Physical training also helps to train the mind. The body and the soul are both the right and the opposite side of a robe. If the body is not adorned with cleanliness, if it is not protected from bad habits, it is like putting on the top of a robe and washing the lining, which always hits the dirt on it," writes Abdullah Avloni [4]. Therefore, the question of the integral unity of body and soul with form and their interaction with each other is very important and complex.
The influence of the state's policy, the nation's traditions and beliefs on the spiritual image of young people who are members of our society is incomparable. Today, the main task of preschool education is the effective use of innovative ideas, the use of national values with a thousand-year history, the education of today's young generation of believers by combining secular education with certain aspects of religious education. NG Chenishevsky says that "the claim of the wicked - beauty, the oppressor - justice, the dying - life and power, the hypocrite - goodness" is ridiculous "[5].
We can see from the above-mentioned ideas that society and people pass on to the younger generation the events of life and the laws of development through the words of God, fairy tales, proverbs, and wisdom, which they created in the life in which they live.
The spiritual and ideological threats of our present rapid age not only undermine the spiritual qualities of humanity, compassion and sincerity in the minds of today's young generation, but also lead to the formation of antisocial behavior among them. Today, some media outlets, especially the Internet, try to justify opposition to law enforcement or other organizations in the line of duty, instead of advocating for citizens to respect the law and not infringe on the rights and freedoms of other citizens. The dissemination of information aimed at glorifying certain criminal individuals or groups is causing harmful habits in the minds of the younger generation, such as imitating criminals, their appearance and lifestyle.
In short, first, the moral qualities that lead to spiritual perfection are valuable as a criterion that shows that a person is human. When the time comes, it can be an important factor for a society to decline or, conversely, to prosper. Second, in order for a person to become self-aware and find the truth, his condition must change, that is, he must be purified inwardly. This causes ethical issues to come to the forefront. Being of good morals is one of the highest virtues of this man. Third, the careful upbringing of the internal and external factors that lead to the degradation of human morality is the first and most important step in the development of a person into a perfect human being. This first step is not only a way to inculcate good moral qualities, but also a way to get rid of the so-called evils in man.
This means that educating young people today through spiritual and moral criteria will play an important role in their future development as harmoniously developed people.
List of used literature:
1. Karimov I.A. The ideology of national independence is the belief of the people and confidence in the great future- T Uzbekistan, 2000 - B. 35
2. Komilov N , Sufism. The first book— T. Author: 1996 153p.
3. Fitrat. Oila. -T Spirituality. 1998- 13 p.
4. Yusupov E. Spiritual bases of human perfection.-Tashkent .: University, 1998 -38 p.
5.Avloni, Abdulla. Selected works: 2 volumes. 2nd edition. Volume 2 Texts, lessons, stories, life of prophets, dramas, articles, travel memories // Editorial Board: N. Karimov et al Collector: B. Qosimov; Comments and dictionaries.- T .: Manaviyat, 2006. 37 p.
6. 6. Chenishevsky N.G. Complete Works. In 4 volumes - Moscow: Art, 1974. V1 -31 s.
