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0«@®ii®@yjum-j®urnal » 2024 / economic sciences
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UDK: 334.028
Umurzakova Zamira Salijanovna
AndMBI
Senior lecturer of "Economics department DOI: 10.24412/2520-6990-2024-3196-69-70 SPECIFIC METHODS OF MANAGING INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Abstract.
This article shows ways to develop its activity using management methods in industrial enterprises.
Keywords: motivation methods, delphi method, organizational and managerial method, economic method, socio-psychological method, management decisions, approaches.
A set of various management activities carried out with the help of different approaches, methods, and techniques is considered specific and unique methods of management. These methods influence employees and production teams as a whole, harmonizing their activities to achieve set goals.
Management methods are objectively derived from existing relationships in the production or service process. The method of managing functional sub-system objects is related to the structure of the controlled object and includes specific methods used in managing its departments. Using these methods, the objectives of the departments within the controlled object and the necessary measures for their solution are determined.^]
Planning, organizing, controlling, and coordinating are methods used for activities such as motivation (arguments, proofs). The methods employed in the control function of management depend on and are based on the operational, accounting, and statistical status. Motivational methods encompass all techniques that encourage employee work, including wages, incentive systems, profit-sharing participation, spiritual incentives, appointment to higher positions, and skills improvement.
Management decisions are made based on methods such as problem setting, problem solving, choosing a decision, and ensuring the implementation of adopted decisions. Methods used in the problem-setting stage help clarify the problem in detail, determine internal and external factors affecting it, evaluate the situation, and express the problematic situation based on this analysis. These methods include data collection, storage, processing, and analysis; methods ofrecording important events; and comparison, decomposition, and modeling methods.
Data collection methods are also used during the problem-solving stage, focusing on developing solution options. However, the application of these methods aims not to answer "What happened" and "What causes were affected" but rather "How to solve the problem, what management method should be used" approach from the point of view of finding.[2]
When choosing a decision, attention is given to forming selection criteria (criteria), focusing on optimizing objectives such as profit maximization, income, labor productivity, efficiency, and minimizing costs, inconvenience, and unproductive working hours. Ac-
tions to ensure decision implementation occur after approval, creating a detailed tree of decisions outlining all directions and ways to achieve the goal.
The Delphi method is employed when gathering participants in the decision-making process is not possible, especially for employees who live far from the central management apparatus and work in branches and departments. This method ensures the independence of each participant's opinion and involves distributing prepared questions to participants, collecting independent and confidential answers, creating a generalized document, sending copies to participants, and collecting opinions for decision revisions until a consensus is reached.[3]
Organizational-administrative methods hold a special place in the system of management methods. These methods include creating a specific structure of the control apparatus, defining the functions of each management link, proper personnel selection, issuing orders, directives, and manuals, monitoring their implementation, and applying mandatory measures against units and individuals who do not fulfill assignments and directive instructions. These methods contribute to the formation of internal conscious communication in the management system, ensuring organizational stability, discipline, compatibility, and providing continuity.
Administrative methods, such as protecting consumer rights, environmental protection, and prohibiting the use of dangerous technologies, are actively used, often referred to as organizational-administrative methods of management in the forms of organizational influence and ordering methods.
Economic methods of management are based on the use of economic interests. After all, the economic relations of any society are first of all expressed in interests. There are three types of interests: public interests; community interests; personal interests. The problem of connecting these interests in a harmonious way requires solving a number of problems, establishing relations that are in accordance with the conditions of each period. For example, in the conditions of the market economy, in order to realize the interests of the general society, the following methods of economic management, namely :
• giving freedom and independence to enterprises and farms in their activities;
• financial incentives and tax incentives for farms according to the final results; • strengthening the discipline of execution of mutual contracts between enterprises and farms and increasing their role;
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• improvement of financial and credit relations;
• mechanisms of market relations: price, profit, tax, profitability, competition, etc., are given wide attention. Economic methods of management include: credit and interest rate; tax and tax burden; duty payments; subsidy and sanction; license; transfer payments; price, etc. are included.
The main goal of social-spiritual management methods is to create a healthy social-spiritual environment in communities. This method means managing people by satisfying their social (social) demands, taking into account the character and mentality of people by influencing the social and moral situation. In other words, socio-psychological methods are methods based on the study of production teams, the "psychological situation" in them, the personal characteristics of each employee. Management psychology studies the phenomena that serve to determine the characteristics and results of people's management activities. It is used in the selection of personnel, their placement, distribution of assignments, functions, motivation of employees, strengthening of discipline, etc. Socio-spiritual methods of management are aimed at solving the following problems:
1. Organization of labor teams taking into account people's socio-spiritual characteristics, such as abilities, clients, actions, etc. As a result, favorable conditions are created for cooperation in order to develop the team and increase production efficiency.
2. It helps to establish and develop the standards of social behavior, to support good and exemplary traditions, to introduce national customs, and to develop community consciousness.
3. It provides social development and people's aspiration and initiative, raising the level of general education, cultural, spiritual and educational growth, skill improvement, aesthetic development and creative attitude to work.
4. It creates conditions to meet the cultural and social-household needs of people, for example, to build houses, kindergartens, clubs, prophylactics, sports facilities, etc.
5. It creates conditions for creating and supporting a healthy socio-psychological environment in work teams consisting of demandingness, mutual support, intolerance to violators of discipline.
6. Creates conditions for people to be satisfied with their work, chosen specialty and profession, to increase production efficiency and work quality. The solution to these problems requires a more organized and effective management. In order to effectively use socio-psychological methods in practical management, it is necessary to have extensive information about the state of the object of management. This information serves as an important tool for the development of activities aimed at increasing production efficiency in communities and meeting diverse needs. The company's own sociological services, as well as employees of scientific institutions and educational institutions can be involved in conducting sociological research.
Literature:
1. Ulashev I. O., Atamuradov Sh. A. "Economics and enterprise management".
2. Тешабоева Зилола Тошпулатовна - Использование современно-инновационных методов управления предприятиями и организациями // Colloquium-journal. 2021. №34 (121). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ispolzovanie-sov-remenno-innovatsionnyh-metodov-upravleniya-predpriy atiy ami-iorganizatsiy ami
3. Умурзакова Замира Салижановна (2022) Employment formation issues. EPRA International Journal of socio-economic and environmental outlook №1. 18 -24 ECONOMIC SCIENCES / «Colloquium-journal» #2(161), 2023 20 pages Индия извлечено от https://eprajour nals.com/IJSA/article/6479
4. Умурзакова Замира Салижановна. (2022) Повышение роли мотивирующих факторов в обеспечении выполнения производственных показателей на предприятиях Economic sciences Pedagogical sciences Physical education and sports "Colloquiu m-journal" №5 (128) Польша извлечено от http://www.hozir.org/eraliev-alisher-abduhalilovich--starshij-prepodovatele-organiz.html
