CC BY
14
DOI 10.46566/2225-1545_2020_77_195 UDK 004.02:004.5:004.9
Qayumova K.Sh.
Junior Research Fellow Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
SOURCES OF IBN AL-ASIR'S WORK "AL-KAMIL FI-T- TARIKH"
Annotation: This article focuses on the work of al-Kamil fi-t-history, which is famous for Ibn al-Asir. The eight-volume work of Ibn al-Asir relates to the genre of general historical chronicles recorded in the chronicles. The book covers the history of the Arab Caliphate and all Islamic countries from the "creation of the world" to 628 /1230-31 and reflects the high level of Muslim chronicle history.
The article also provides information on the source foundations of Al Kamil fi-t Tarikh
Keywords: "Al-Kamilfi-t-Tarikh", "Kitab fi akhbor vuloti Khurasan ", as-Salami, Balazuri, Tabari, Ibn Miskawayh, "Ansab al-ashraf", "creation " of the universe
Study of human history has always been relevant. On this basis, many historians have worked to create a "perfect history." One such scholar is Ibn al-'Asir. His famous work "al-Kamil fi-t-tarikh" is a great source of his time. From the point of view of source studies, it serves as an important source in the coverage of the history of many regions, in particular, Khorasan and Movaraunnahr in the XII-XIII centuries.
fi-t-Tarikh Ibn al-'Asir states that he wrote the main part of the work in Qasr Harb, where he was born and raised, where he had a large and rich library. It is also thought that Ibn al-'Asir began writing it before 595 / 1198-1199, and that the work was originally called Al-Muqtasa fi-t-tarikh and was written before 595 / 1198-1199.
Ibn al-'Asir's eight-volume work belongs to the genre of general historical chronicle recorded in the annals. The work covers the history of the Arab Caliphate and all Islamic countries from the "creation of the world" to 628 / 123031 and reflects the high level of Muslim chronicle historiography. If the famous geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi's Mujam al-buldon (Dictionary of Countries) "contains all the available information in the field of geographical literature of its time (XIII century)," his contemporaries Ibn al-'Asir's Al-Kamil fi-t-Tarikh can be called "a work that contains all the information available in the field of historical literature of its time." Ibn Khaliqan recognizes Ibn al-Asir's work as one of the best of all the famous works on the history of the Muslim world.
Volumes VII-XII of the work are of independent, special importance and cover the events that took place in the countries of the East between 924-1231, as
well as in Movarounnahr, and are mainly manuscript sources, as well as those who are well acquainted with history. Based on the information provided and the rich and factual material collected during the author's personal observations. Even today, historians write about the events up to 628, mainly using the work of Ibn al-'Asir.
Volume XII of Al-Kamil fi-t-Tarikh, especially dedicated to the Mongol invasion, has a special value and serves as a major source in the study of the sociopolitical history of Movarounnahr and the countries of the East in the first quarter of the XIII century.
The play makes extensive use of many valuable sources, including Tabari and al-Sallami's lesser-known Kitab al-Akhbar Vuloti Khorasan (The Book of Information about the Rulers of Khorasan).
The first part of Al-Kamil fi-t-Tarikh (Volumes I-IV) contains a description of the events that took place from the "creation" of the universe to 931. They are based on the works of earlier scholars such as Balazuri, Tabari, Ibn Miskawayh, al-Sulami and others. But even in this section, there is important and valuable information that is often not found in the main sources.
For example, in 751, there was a battle on the Talas River between the Arab and Movarounnahr armies and the Chinese army, in which thousands of Chinese troops were crushed.
In addition, information about al-Sallami and his important historical work came to us only thanks to Ibn al-Asir.
Ibn al-'Asir's work is based on many written monuments and is a collection of all the historical information available in the Arab-Muslim sources of his time. The main source for Ibn al-'Asir to shed light on pre-Islamic history, which is given in the first seven volumes and covers the first three centuries of Islam, is Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (d. 310 AH / 923 CE) until 302 AH. There was a work entitled "History ar-rusul wa-l-muluk" ("History of Prophets and Kings"), which contains of the history.
Among the sources systematically used by Ibn al-'Asir is the Ansab al-Ashraf, written by the famous Baghdad historian Ahmad ibn Yahya ibn Jabir al-Balazuri (d. 279/892) and published in Egypt in 1959. Ibn al-'Asir, the main source for writing the history of Khorasan and Movarounnahr from the second half of the 7th century to the middle of the 10th century was the Central Asian historian Abu al-Husayn 'Ali ibn Ahmad as-Sallami's "History of the News of Khorasan." (History of the Rulers of Khorasan), he was a close associate of the famous Samanid ruler Abu Bakr Chaghani and his son Abu Ali, and wrote his work until his death. 344/955. In addition to Ibn al-'Asir, al-Salami's work has been studied by others, including Abu Sa'id Gardizi (d. 440/1049), Abu Nasr Ali ibn Hibat Allah (d. 486/1093), better known as Ibn Makul, 'Awfi (d. 625). / around 1228), Ibn Khalliqan (died 681/1282) and Abu Hafs' Umar ibn Muhammad an-Nasafi (died 537/1142) in their works.
In addition to Ibn al-'Asir as-Salami, Abu 'Abd Allah used a historical work of Muhammad ibn al-Azhar al-Ahbari (d. 325 / 936-37) that has not survived to illuminate the history of the Saffarids used. The remaining sources of Ibn al-'Asir's work are still unknown due to the lack of commentary by the author. The main significance of Ibn al-Asir's work is that it is reflected in the study of historical events written by the author from the 10th century to 628 / 1230-31. In this section, he cites numerous sequels to al-Tabari's history, as well as a number of regional chronicles.
Ibn al-'Asir's work is the first source to cover the period of the Mongol invasion, as the author was a direct witness and contemporary of the events of that time. Apart from Ibn al-Asir, only two contemporary Arabic-speaking authors, Shihab ad-din Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi, who wrote The Life of Khorezmshah Jalal ad-din Manguberdi, narrated the events surrounding the Mongol invasion. (647/1249) and Minhaj ad-din Abu 'Umar' Uthman ibn Muhammad al-Juzjani (after his death 658/1260), who wrote the famous Nasir Tables. This information in itself highlights the importance of Ibn al-Asir's chronicle in shedding light on the history of the Mongol conquest of Islamic countries, including Central Asia.
Ibn al-'Asir also mentions sources from which he received oral information. He cites a lawyer who was in Bukhara during the Mongol invasion. When the invaders brought him to Samarkand, he fled to Baghdad. Ibn al-'Asir's informants were also Khorezm merchants. Another informant of Ibn al-'Asir was Daquq, a victim of the Khorezmian army who had fled from the Mongols. Another was a Mosul soldier who was the son of the Khorezm king 'Ala' ad-din Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr, one of the emirs of Takash, was in the service of the Taj ad-din. Ibn al-'Asir's informants were also among the servants of the "House of the Prophet" in Madinah, who, after returning from Khurasan, visited the palace of the Khorezmshah with Ala'ad-din Muhammad ibn Takash before his march against the Chinese. There was also a man who told Ibn al-'Asir about the meeting.
Unlike Ibn al-'Asir al-Tabari, he uses a critical approach in giving different versions of the scene, and tries to prove his point to this or that version by avoiding the phrase "Allah is All-Knowing."For example, Ibn al-'Asir gives two versions of the details of the Mongol conquest of Bukhara, but mentions the second version, which he considers more reliable.
In this sense, Ibn al-'Asir's work, despite its compilation of coverage of the events of the middle of the tenth century, retains its independent significance in the study of general and specific problems. In the second part of the work, which reflects the events that took place from the second half of the tenth century to the middle of the twelfth century, Ibn al-'Asir is a relatively little-known, partly unknown, and unpublished work. used data. This part of the work, which covers the period from the second half of the twelfth century to the middle of the thirteenth century, is the original source, and the information contained in it is original.
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