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SOME NOTES ON THE MEMOIRES OF BABUR Otaqulova D.
Otaqulova Dildora - Teacher, DISTRICT SCHOOL №18, BAYAUT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article is aimed to comment the Memoires of one of the most prominent Central Asian scientist - Babur, and to reveal descriptions offlora and fauna made in that piece of writing.
Keywords: Babur, memoirs, description, flora, fauna, observer.
Babur was certainly one of the most illustrious sovereigns that ever filled an eastern throne. Haidar Mirza states that "...he [Babur] was a prince adorned with various excellences, and distinguished for his admirable qualities. Of all these qualities his generosity and humanity took the lead. In Turki poetry, after Mir Ali Shir, none equaled him". Of all his literary works, "Memoirs" is the most remarkable. His description of the countries he visited, their scenery, climate, productions, and works of art and industry are more full and accurate than will, perhaps, found in equal space, in any modem traveler, and considering the circumstances in which they were complied, are truly surprising.
The best thing in the Indian portion of the "Memoirs" is the description of India and of its flora and fauna, which covers about 20 pages of J. Leyden and W. Erskine's translation, and to this should be added the table of revenues. These descriptions occur not only in J. Leyden and W. Erskine's "History of India" [3], but also in Pavet de Courteille's translation of Babur's "Memoirs" into French [2]. Babur's description of India does much credit to his observation and industry, and we may say of it, as well as of the whole of his "Indian
Journal", that it might with advantage be published separately, with a commentary, identifying the places mentioned by Babur. At the same time, it must be mentioned that this portion of his book is the least genial part of it. The truth is, Babur arrived in India too late in life to appreciate it or the Hindus, nor was he in a favorable position for observing the people. All his affections were with his native mountains, or perhaps still more with Kabul, and he was not in the humor to be pleased with the gorgeousness of India. Perhaps if he had seen Kashmir he would have expressed himself differently. The following is his judgment of India: "The country and towns of Hindustan are extremely ugly. All its towns and lands have a uniform look; its gardens have no walls the greater part of it is a level plain..." [1, p.510]. And then he goes on to complain that the rivers are difficult to cross because of their high banks, and that there is a great deal of thorny brushwood. He winds up by saying that "the chief excellency of Hindustan is that it is a large country and has abundance of gold and silver and that the climate is very pleasant in the raining season" [1, p. 525].
Babur was interested in flowers and fruits, plants, birds and animals out of curiosity and not as botanist or zoologist. He then fore points out to such of their special features as interested him. In his description of the flora of Hindustan Babur not only describes the fruits of Hindustan, but also the trees which bear him and some cases as we have seen how they are eaten. Babur similarly, describes the plantain (Kela), tamarind (imli), jack-fruit (Kathal) monkey-jack (barhal), lote-fruit (ber), date-plam (Khurma). About the last Babur says, "just as with date-plam people hang people hang a pot in it, take its juice and drink it. They call this liquor tari; it is said to be more exhilarating than date liquor" [1, p.547]. Babur also describes the various citrus fruits of Hindistan like the orange (sangtara), lemon (minba), amritfal and others. But it is strange he does not mention the mulberry tree, the big tree, and particularly the nim and shesham (rose-wood) which are so common in Hindustan. While describing the fauna of Hindustan, the first animal which he notices is the elephant (hathi) and describes its habits and the useful functions it performs for the people. An interesting information which Babur records is that in the north-west tigers were found. In fact, he killed one and had it skinned. Among the birds which Babur mentions is the peacock which is "beautifully coloured and splendid animal" [1, p. 577]. Babur mentions the parrot, pigeon, sharak, quail, eagle, kite and falcon. Often birds which frequent the banks of the rivers, lakes and tanks are saras, stork, duck, angar and buzak. Babur then describes the various aquatic animals, various kind of crocodiles "Water tigers" which are like a lizard and carry off men and buffaloes. Babur mentions only one kind of fish, namely, Kalah or galah. But he praises the flesh of Hindustan fishes which "is very savory and have no odor." [4, p. 62].
Wherever Babur travelled he preserved keen interest in everything, being not just an ordinary observer, but intelligent and accurate writer who wanted to know everything.
References
1. Babur Z.M. The "Baburnama", or "Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor". Translated by W.M. Thackaston. -Oxford: OUP, 1996.
2. Courteille P. Memoirs. Paris: de l'Acre, 2008.
3. Erskine W., Leyden J. History of India. Life of Babur. London: Macmillan Press, 1854.
4. Erskine W., Leyden J. Memoirs of Zehir-ed Din Muhammed Babur, Emperor of Hindustan. Revised by L. King. London: Palgrave, 1826.
