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SYSTEM APPROACH TO ORGANIZATION OF CONTROL OF INFORMATION SUBSYSTEMS OF AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR COMPLEX OBJECTS OF SPECIAL PURPOSE
ABSTRACT
Functioning of various modern complex objects of special purpose with high quality indicators is possible only with the organization of effective management of them, which is realized through automated control systems. In the control systems themselves, maintenance of continuity and the required level of quality indicators for the management of a complex special purpose object is ensured, among other things, by creating an information subsystem that provides officials of control organs and technical equipment complexes with the required nomenclature of information services, ensuring the adoption of justified correct decisions on the organization of management. At the same time, the information subsystem as a complex system must also be managed, for which, as a rule, a dedicated management system is created, which is assigned to a number of management tasks, the nomenclature of which is determined by the objectives of the subsystem, and their content - by the management methods that are laid in the special software of hardware complexes.
The objectives of managing the information subsystem will never be fully achieved, since for the formation and implementation of the management requires the time for which the information subsystem will change in an unexpected manner, as a result of which the management of it will certainly not lead to the strictly desired result.
The main way to overcome this is to extrapolate the behavior of the information subsystem with the identification of the direction of evolution of all its components.
FOR CITATION: Legkov K. E., Levko I. V. System approach to organization of control of information subsystems of automated control systems for complex objects of special purpose. H&ES Research. 2017. Vol. 9. No. 5. Pp. 84-91.
LEGKOV
Konstantin Evgenyevich1 LEVKO
Igor Vladimirovich2
1PhD, Head of the Department of Automated Control System,Military Space Academy, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, [email protected]
2PhD, Docent, Assistant Professor of the Department of Automated Control System, Military Space Academy, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, [email protected]
KEYWORDS: system approach; automated control system; information subsystem; management processes; purposeful process.
INTRODUCTION
The information subsystem (ISS) of the automated control system (ACS) of special purpose objects (SPO), as a complex control object, should be characterized by some formal characteristics that must be taken into account in organizing management processes [1].
One of such signs is the impossibility of a complete mathematical description of both the ISS of the ACS SPO and its individual components [1-2].
Another sign is the stochastic behavior of the ISS of the ACS SPO [2], leading to difficulties in analyzing its state and its managing. This feature is due not only to the presence of some special sources of random interference in the components of the IS, but also to their complexity, which leads to a multitude of all kinds of minor (from the viewpoint of control purposes) processes. Therefore, the behavior of ISS of the ACS SPO often proves to be "unexpected" for the control system, and this "surprise" is more conveniently regarded as an accidental factor and interpreted as noisy than to conduct a detailed analysis of the mechanisms of the impact of secondary processes on the ISS ofthe ACS SPO.
The third sign is the well-known "intolerance" of the ISS of the ACS SPO to management. This feature is the most unpleasant feature of the ISS of the ACS SPO. The fact is that the ISS of the ACS SPO functions relatively independently from the control system, i.e. The ISS is intended [2] to provide information services (IS), and not for management. This is a certain contradiction, which increases if the objectives of management are not consistent with the objectives of the ISS ofthe ACS SPO.
Nonstationarity of the ISS of the ACS SPO is the fourth sign and follows from its complexity [1]. It manifests itself in the drift of the main characteristics, i. e. in the evolution of the ISS component in time. The consequence of nonstationarity is the following essential feature (sign) of the ISS of the ACS SPO — non-reproducibility of experiments, which consists in its different reaction to the same situation or control at different instants of time. This circumstance cannot be ignored when organizing the control system of the automated control system.
All these circumstances lead to the fact that the objectives of managing the ISS of the ACS SPO will never be fully achieved, since for the formation and implementation of the management requires the time for which the ISS of the ACS SPO will change in an unexpected manner, as a result of which the management of it will certainly not lead to the strictly desired result.
The main way to overcome this is to extrapolate the behavior ofthe ISS of the ACS SPO with the identification ofthe direction of evolution of all its components.
Further, under the management of ISS of the ACS SPO will be understood as the process of organizing such a focused impact on it, as a result of which the ISS (or its required component) goes into the required (target) state. [1-16]
FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM OF INFORMATION SUBSYSTEMS CONTROL ORGANIZATION
Let 1>IPSrU — the impact of the environment and the control system on the ISS of the ACS SPO, which belongs to the set of possible impacts ZípSrU e Z/ps9, S/p — the state of the ISS of the ACS SPO belonging to the set of possible states P/pe P/ps, then the relationship between them can be represented by the following expression:
S jp = M JP Z !pSrU , (1)
where is the ISS of the ACS SPO model linking (environmental and management system impact on the ISS) and (ISS state) and characterizing the ISS of the ACS SPO specifics from the management point of view.
Considering the management of ISS of the ACS SPO as a purposeful process, we will single out the management objective, which actually determines what the ISS should be in terms of management. In general, the goal will be a vector, but the goal can also be specified by a scalar value.
It is possible to verily the fulfillment of the management objective in the ISS ofthe ACS SPO [1] only by its state:
Cjp =E[S jp ]. (2)
Usually they seek to express the goal in the language of the ISS of the ACS SPO state, in this case, the goal of the management is to translate the ISS into the required state, i. e.:
cjpi = sjpi . (3)
With this approach, in the process of organizing the management of the ISS of the ACS will be determined by the existing unmanageable in the ISS. To resolve the emerging contradictions, it is advisable to consider the formal formulation of the control problems of the automated control systems of the automated control systems of automated control systems of automated control systems (fig. 1).
Let the vector S/p(t) determine the state of the ISS of the ACS SPO at the current time t. We assume that the ISS of the ACS SPO is an observable system, i.e. there is the possibility of a fairly accurate estimate of its state vector S/p(t) from the observation vector X (t).
At any time, the ISS state vector t of the ACS SPO SJP (t)= [íj (t),•••, s¡ (t),•••, sn (t)]displays its structure and the processes occurring in it. In the operation of the ISS, it is affected by interference and premeditated influences that quantify the entire range of natural and pre-measured impacts on the ISS of the automated control system (including hardware and software attacks or cyberattacks). The dimension and detailed components of the effects, as a rule, can not be determined, and their influence on the ISS manifests itself, first of all, in the
Fig. 1. Statement ofthe control problem ofthe automated control system
change of the state vector SIP (t + A t) at subsequent instants of time (t,t + At].
The control system "observes" the ISS of the ACS SPO, but because of interference and interference, it is not the vector S/p(t) itself that is available for measurement, but some observation vector X (t).
We assume that the dimensions of the vectors S/p(t) and X/p(t), and also the qualitative composition of their elements coincide. Then the vector estimate S/p(t) vector Sip (t), can be carried out by statistical methods of processing the vector xip (t) components. Thus, the ISS control system of the ACS SPO on the observed vector XP (t) receives an estimate Sip (t) of the state vector SP (t).
The process of_controllmg the ISS of the ACS SPO is that each vector Sip (t) must have a certain control vector Uip (t) and the corresponding vector of control actions Yk (t) = [y (t)>"■> yk (t)] that can be generated (in accordance with the control methods used) according to the corresponding control procedure (closed-loop control), or are given in advance for each value of the vector Sip (t) (program control) in order to translate the ISS of the ACS SPO to the
planned state SPIP (t ). And one and the other variant of the definition of the control vector UP (t), provides for the provision of an extremum of some efficiency index:
exstr W
U
t, S IP (t ), U
•(4)
However, this approach to the management objective of the ISS can cause significant difficulties, because in fact, it requires the determination of the planned value of the multidimensional state vector of the subsystem SpP (t), comparing it with the estimation Sip (t) of the existing state and producing it on the basis of the difference A SPIP (t) = |sPP (t)- Sp (t)| of the control vector satisfying (4).
Therefore, when solving ISS management problems in a practical way, ACS SPO uses a different approach (fig. 2).
At the same time, the management goal is to maintain the performance indicators of the automated control systems at the given level or to provide the extreme value of the indicators in all operating conditions of the ISS.
In the process of management,_along with assessing the state of the ISS of the ACS SPO Sip (t); assess the perfor-
Fig. 2. Statement ofthe problem ofcontrol ofthe ISS ofthe ACS SPO (approach 2)
mance indicators of the ISS, determine the planned value WP (t), compare it with the estimated value Wip (t) and output based on the difference A WP (t) = |wp (t)- Wip (t)| m the control vector that ensures the value of the indicator is not worse than the specified value, or the conditions similar to (4):
exstr W
U
t, S ip (t ), Wip (t ), U
(5)
SSi = (z S C )
uP V, IPSrU > IP > IP ) '
(6)
=SiNM =SiM =Si sip u sip = sip ■
(7)
j p (sSp )dsp = i
(8)
Pu = J P(SSP ) dS
(9)
where the integral is taken over a subset of controlled situa-
=SiM
tions Sip .
And the probability that the situation that has developed in theISS ofthe ACS SPO is not manageable, is
P = J P (SSP )dSi
(10)
SYSTEM APPROACH TO THE ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION SUBSYSTEMS CONTROL
Next, we will consider the situation that has arisen in the ISS of the ACS SPO in its functioning, which is hereinafter referred to as an ordered set (triple):
The set (6) connects the ISS of the ACS SPO SP (t), the impact on it ZPSrU and the control objective Cip and shows that control Uip (t) ultimately depends only on ZIPSrU and C
Ip
All the situations (6) that can occur in the process of controlling the ISS of the ACS SPO can be divided into two subsets of situations — manageable ones, in which a given goal is always achieved, and unmanageable when the goal is not achieved.
We denote by the set of all possible situations encountered^ the process of controlling the ISS^of the ACS SPO. Let Sip be a subset of situations Sp (i) e Sip where the ISS is uncontrollable, i.e. not all of the goals CIP are achieved, but
=SiM =Si
SIP e SIP a subset of situations where the IPS is manageable, i.e. all goals from CIP are achieved. It's obvious that:
To each element of the set Sip , i.e. of each situation Sp (i) e SIP , we put into correspondence a number P (SP (i)) that determines the probability of occurrence of this situation. For real ISS of the ACS SPO, the number of elements Sp(i) of the set Sip is so large that it is permissible to understand the density of this probability:
Equation (8) shows, that real situations SIP(i) can not occur outside the realm Sip .
In accordance with this, the probability that the situation S?P(i) that has developed in the ISS of the ACS SPO is manageable is
where the integral is taken over a subset of uncontrolled situ-
=SiNM
ations SIP .
It's obvious that
J P(sp )dsp + J P(sp )dsp = 1. (11)
=SiM =SiNM
Sip Sip
At the same time, for ISS of the ACS SPO it is characteristic that its functioning is carried out in difficult conditions, accompanied by a complex of destructive and informational influences of violators and the enemy, therefore it is not possi-
=SM =SNM
ble to give strict definition of sets sIP and SIP , as well as functionsP(SP).In reality, only some expert evaluations of the function P(Sp) can be obtained for different operating conditions of the ISS of the AC_S SPO,which can be used to obtain estimated probabilities P» and Pr.. These values for various operating conditions will characterize the degree of controllability ofthe ISS ofthe ACS SPO.
The fulfillment of management objectives CIP = (cm,...,cIPp), in the final analysis, should guarantee the functioning of the ISS of the ACS SPO as a whole and its individual components with the required efficiency. Therefore, the ISSof the ACS SPO will be considered effective if it provides the required performance of the ISS itself under the conditions of impact on it and the control system of various natural and intentional disturbances and disturbances (including firmware or cyber-attacks), because the presence of all these disturbances in the course of the operation of the ISS can lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the operation of the ISS of the ACS SPO or even to the failure of the fulfillment of the target tasks facing it.
In general, the performance index of the ISS of the ACS SPO is some functional W(t, VIP, ZPSrU, UP), depends on the amount of requested IMS, the size and connectivity of the ISS structure of the ACS SPO, the performance of the ISS servers, the capacity of the virtual circuits, the functioning algorithms of the ISS and the requirements maintenance, (VIP — the vector of fixed, unreserved parameters and characteristics of the ISS of the ACS SPO), the load values of the requirements for obtaining IS, on the characteristics and the intensity of the disturbances, characterizing purposeful and accidental destructive effects on the components of the ISS, the impact of electronic warfare (EW) on them, the effects of natural disturbances, failures of ISS technical means and the cyber-attacks on the ISS hardware and software (form a perturbing parameters vector Z,IPSrU ), from control strategies ISS UIP e Up is a control vector that determines the control actions Yk (t) on
the components of the ISS produced by the ISS management system that belongs to the set of permissible controls Uip that depends on the properties of the controlabiliy of the ISS of the ACS SPO.
Since the main purpose of the operation of the ISS of the ACS SPO is to provide the SPO management bodies and the automation systems of ACS with all required IS with the required quality to the officials, if the ISS performance for a given time Tz is provided with a probability not less than the required PTR despite the entire range of impacts on it, then the functioning of the ISS of the ACS SPO is recognized as sustainable, and its management is effective.
Practical implementation of ISS management processes of the ACS SPO should be based on a set of technological decisions taken in advanced technologies of network management (SNMP, NMS OSI, TMN [1-2]), on the basis of which management solutions are already being implemented in various industries not directly related to telecommunications: such as the nuclear industry, electric power, etc. It is natural to use the existing reserves and when solving the control problems of the automated control systems of automated control systems.
In accordance with the management standards [1-2], the following decomposition of the general task of managing the ISS of the ACS SPO into subtasks is appropriate: management of the operation of the ISS, management of the ISS structure, failures management, ISS resource management, ISS security management (fig. 3).
When organizing the management of the ISS of the ACS SPO, different task groups are distinguished by the importance, degree of influence on the current functioning of the IPS components, operational characteristics, the degree of participation of operators and managers in the management process, etc.
Thus, the task of managing the ISS resources of the ACS SPO, which is mainly related to the accounting, control and allocation of the use of ISS services resources, as well as to
inform managers about the amount of consumed resources for a certain period, to statistical processing of server employment data, and downloading the most important ISS resources and storing this information in the relevant databases, is a problem for the ISS of the ACS SPO under consideration with sufficiently low performance requirements.
Obviously, the most important task is the task of operation management ofthe ISS ofthe ACS SPO.
The task of structure management of the ISS, as a rule, is solved with a significant involvement managers of SPO which can only make a decision on changing the structure of the ISS and its components, and on adjusting existing structures. Therefore, the tasks of structure managing of the ISS of the ACS SPO are implemented as tasks of supporting the adoption of well-founded decisions of the ACS SPO managers. The requirements for the speediness of solving the problems of managing the ISS structure are much lower than for control tasks.
One of the tasks of managing of the ISS of the ACS SPO is the task of identification and elimination of failures management of the ISS, the need for which is caused by informal operation of ISS facilities and services, misuse of resources, and when the ISS equipment management subsystem is in a state of exhaustion. At the same time, in most practical control systems this task is largely degenerate, since many questions from the list are solved within the subsystem of operation of the automated control system of the SPO.
Undoubtedly, one of the most important tasks of the ISS of the ACS SPO managing is the task of its security management, which involves solving a number of tasks related to the ongoing management of security incidents, the management of security policies, the management of security risks, and the management ofISS security tools.
Experience in the practical implementation of control systems for various information systems, which is useful for organizing ISS of the ACS SPO, shows that fairly effective con-
Fig. 3. Complex ofISS control tasks
trol systems can be built by limiting the following management tasks in the management system: ISS structure management, ISS security management and ISS resource management.
So the main control organ of the ISS is assigned to the whole spectrum of management tasks of the ISS of the ACS SPO: management of the operation of the whole ISS, management of the integrated ISS structure, management of the common ISS resource, global security management in the ISS is the global vector of management
UIP ~ {UIPFunc ' UIPStr' UIPRes,UIPSec }•
The reserve control organ of the ISS is assigned a limited range of management tasks for the ISS of the ACS SPO: management of the operation of the entire ISS in the event of a failure of the main control organ and emergency situations, the control of the ISS structure is obviously significantly degraded due to significant destructive effects, management of the remaining ISS resource is a global vector management
TJ(GinuIPZaP) _ fTt Tt Tt }
IP IPFunc IPStr IPRes
At the control organ of the ISS services are entrusted with a varied set of management tasks aimed at ensuring the operation of information services, incl. in emergency situations: either the management of the service structure, the management of service resources — the local control vector
u(nUServIP) _ { uServ uServ } IP IPStr IPRes
or only management of the service structure — the local control vector
u(n„ServIP) _ { uServ }
^ IP l ^ IPStr > '
or only management of service resources — the local control vector
TT(n„ServIP) _ { jTServ } IP IPRes
CONCLUSION
Thus, in accordance with the system approach to the organization of the ISS of the ACS SPO management on the basis of the formalized description of the ISS, a vector is formed
(t)= K (t),"■> s (t),-, sn (t)],
describing the state of the information subsystem of the ASN ACS at an arbitrary moment of time. As a result of the observation ofthe ISS of the ACS SPO, the vector SIP (t ) is estimated from the observed vector
Xip (t )= [x (t ),x (t ),x„ (t )]
with obtaining values of the vector
Sip (t) = [si(t),••■, si (t),••■, sn (t)],
which, in accordance with the management objectives CIP = (cIpi,...,cIPp) , is then used by the control system to form a control vector
U PP ( T'u ) = {u
IPFunc (T'u ), U
IPStr ( Tu ), U
IPRes ( Tu ), u
IPSec (Tu )}
for each control interval«LEqnm0092.eps>>.
In accordance with the hierarchy of architecture and the organizational structure of the control system of the ISS of the ACS SPO management vector
U PP ( Tu ) = {u
IPFunc (Tu ), u
IPStr ( Tu X u
IPRes ( Tu ), u
IPSec ( Tu )}
is decomposed into control vectors:
— for the main control organ of the ISS of the ACS SPO
upUuIP\T'U ) =
= fuGn„iP) (t' ) uGnuiP) (T' ) U(G'n"iP) (T' ) TT<G^^) (T' )} •
IPFunc uh IPStr IV* u h IPRes u h IPSec u)>>
— for reserve control organ of the ISS of the ACS SPO
At the control organ of the ISS of the ACS SPO security entrusts a set of management tasks aimed at the uninterrupted functioning of the security system of the ISS in various operating conditions (including in emergency situations)[l]: managing security incidents, managing security risks, managing security policies, managing security tools of the ISS — control vector
tj(nu^ec/p) _ í tt _ i-w-rinc -wrrisk itpol tt^ív i
U IP ~ { U IPSec J _ {U IPSec ' U IPSec ' U IPSec ' U IPSec
u(nuZaF) (T' ) — nuZaP) (T' ) U(nuZap) (T' ) TT(noZaP> (T' •
^ IP y1 u) IPFunc y1 uh IPStr A-' u J> ^ IPRes K1 u>i'
— for each service control organ of the ISS of the ACS SPO
T(nuServ)(T' ) — {TT(nuServ) (t' ) T(nuServ)(T' )}
IP u IPStr u IPRes u
or \T{PuSe™\ru) — {TTft^T,,)},
oru (n^T-u) = {UX"}(T'U)}; for security control organ of the ISS of the ACS SPO Uawp)^) =
= {U'pSec (T'u ), UPec (Tu ), U^ T u ), (Tu )} .
In this case, the specific implementation of global, functional and local control vectors obtained as a result of the decomposition of the control vector of the ISS
UP(t\) = {U
IPFunc tu ), u
IPStr tu ), U IPRes tu ), u IPSec tu )},
will be determined by the methods used to manage the operation of the ISS, manage the ISS structure, manage the ISS resources, manage the safety of the ISS of the ACS.
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СИСТЕМНЫЙ ПОДХОД К ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫМИ ПОДСИСТЕМАМИ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННЫХ СИСТЕМ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ СЛОЖНЫМИ ОБЪЕКТАМИ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ
ЛЕГКОВ Константин Евгеньевич,
г. Санкт-Петербург, Россмя,сопз1:1@таП.ги
ЛЕВКО Игорь Владимирович,
г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия, [email protected]
КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: системный подход; автоматизированная система управления; информационная подсистема; процессы управления; целенаправленный процесс.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Функционирование разнообразных современных сложных объектов специального назначения с высокими показателями качества возможно только при организации эффективного управлении ими, которое реализуется посредством автоматизированных систем управления. В самих системах управления поддержание непрерывности и необходимого уровня показателей качества процессов управления сложным объектом специального назначения обеспечивается, в том числе, за счет создания информационной подсистемы, которая обеспечивает должностным лицам органов управления и комплексам технических средств автоматизированных систем управления получение требуемой номенклатуры информационных услуг, обеспечивающих принятие обоснованных правильных решений по организации управления. Вместе с тем, информационная подсистема, как сложная система, также должна управляться, для чего, как правило, создается выделенная система управления, на которую возлагается решение ряда задач управления, номенклатура которых определяется целями подсистемы, а их
содержание - теми методами управления, которые заложены в специальном программном обеспечении комплексов технических средств.
Цели управления информационной подсистемой в полной мере никогда не будут достигнуты, так как для формирования и реализации управления требуется время, за которое информационная подсистема изменится непредвиденным образом, в результате чего управление ею наверняка не приведет к строго желаемому результату. Основным способом преодоления этого является экстраполяция поведения информационной подсистемы с выявлением направления эволюции всех ее компонент.
СВЕДЕНИЯ ОБ АВТОРАХ:
Легков К. Е., к.т.н., начальник кафедры автоматизированных систем управления Военно-космической академии имени А. Ф. Можайского;
Левко И. В., к.т.н., доцент, доцент кафедры автоматизированных систем управления Военно-космической академии имени А.Ф.Можайского.
ДЛЯ ЦИТИРОВАНИЯ: Легков К.Е., Левко И.В. Системный подход к организации управления информационными подсистемами автоматизированных систем управления сложными объектами специального назначения // Наукоемкие технологии в космических исследованиях Земли. 2017. Т. 9. № 5. С. 84-91.
