0Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
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SIR THОMАS MОRE АND THE HUMАNISM IN THE RENАISSАNCE
Nоdirа Bаhrоm kizi АbduHаyevа
Chirchik Stаte Pedаgоgicаl University Tourism fаculty Fоreign lаnguаge аnd literature: English
^rg^ Fаrxоd kizi Tulyаgаnоvа
English teаcher, Chirchik Stаte Pedаgоgicаl University
АBSTRАCT:
Sir Thоmаs Mоre, an influentiаl figure in the Renaissance, hаd а significаnt impаct on both politics аnd ideаs through his renowned work, "Utopiа." Inspired by Humаnism, More's portrаyаl of an ideаl society in "Utopiа" reflects his deep engаgement with the intellectuаl trends of his time. As a humаnist philosopher, More аimed to harmonize individual aspirations with societal needs, advocating for principles like justice, equality, and human well-being. By examining More's vision in "Utopia" and its alignment with Humanist principles, we can delve into the intricate relationship between philosophy, politics, and the human experience during the Renaissance, offering insights that remain relevant and thought-provoking in today's world.
Key^rds: Utopia, renaissance, humanism, humanist, Sir Thomas More, New Humanists, naturalism, human beings.
Humanism is a literary and philosophical perspective that focuses on the importance of humanity. 'Humanism is a philosophy that believes in mankind's ability to achieve happiness and fulfillment without the need for religion'[1]. It emerged during the Renaissance when writers and thinkers shifted their attention from accepting traditional values to studying the humanities, including the literature of ancient Greece and Rome, as well as the Bible. Renaissance Humanists were primarily interested in the people and events of the present world, rather than the natural or supernatural realms that scientists and religious thinkers focused on. They rejected the medieval belief that life on earth was merely a preparation for the afterlife, instead emphasizing the potential achievements of humanity in the present. Renaissance humanists envisioned a perfect and civilized life in the here and now, achieved through intellectual and cultural advancements.
Sir Thomas More's deep understanding of human nature and his groundbreaking work, "Utopia," provide lasting proof of the impact of Humanism during the
April 23-24, 2024
820
Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
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Renaissance. By presenting аn ideаl sоciety in "Utоpiа," Mоre nоt оnly chаllenged the prevailing norms of his time but also expressed a vision that continues to inspire contemplation and discussion in modern society. More's unwavering commitment to Humanist principles such as reason, fairness, and the pursuit of the common good serves as a prime example of how Humanism can transform both individuals and societies. Sir Thomas More, a saint, was the son of Sir John More, a judge in the King's Bench. Born in London, More received his education at St. Anthony's school in Thread needle Street and later at Canterbury Hall, Oxford[3]. As was customary at the time, before attending university, More was taken into the household of Cardinal Morton as a page, where he was trained in the ways of high society. Morton, a warrior and politician who played a role in placing King Henry VIII on the throne, eventually became a wealthy and influential nobleman, as well as Cardinal, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Chancellor to the King. In the first book of Utopia, there is a favorable portrayal of Morton as a wise, pious, and kind man. Whether or not Morton truly deserved this reputation, he recognized the potential for greatness in More and arranged for him to attend Oxford. More achieved great success in the field of law and rose to the highest level of achievement as a lawyer, but he did not abandon his humanistic studies. He was known to be a cheerful companion and firmly believed in Aristotle's doctrine that life, in all its aspects, is good.
In Utopia, More observes a world filled with various flaws and corruption. He imagines how wonderful it would be if perfection could be achieved instantly, without the struggles and disappointments of imperfect individuals in an imperfect world. More criticizes war, dishonesty between nations, excessive ambition in rulers, wasteful military practices, unemployment, theft, homelessness, the destruction of agriculture, population decline and its consequences for men, women, and children, neglect of the poor, filth, disease, famine, exposure, and cruel governance.
Humanism is not a fixed set of ideas, but rather a mindset or approach. It is not a strict method to follow, but rather a suggested path to take. Since the Renaissance, the term has been used in various ways, but it consistently emphasizes the importance of humanity. It recognizes the significance of both the natural world (science) and the spiritual world (religion) in relation to people[4]. The study of classics is seen as a way to understand and appreciate human values and culture. Great individuals are regarded as examples of what can be achieved by all people. English humanism thrived in two phases: initially, it was primarily an intellectual movement that originated in the 15th century and reached its peak through the contributions of Sir Thomas More, Sir Thomas Elyot, and Roger Ascham. The second phase was a poetic revolution spearheaded by Sir Philip Sidney and William Shakespeare. Also Irving
April 23-24, 2024
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
Babbitt and Paul Elmer More promoted a form of humanism in America during the early 1900s[5]. This movement, known as the New Humanists, rejected the focus on nature and literature found in Romanticism and Naturalism. Instead, they called for a return to a Classical approach centered on the humanities. According to the New Humanists, human beings should be seen as subject to a higher moral code, and their true humanity is best measured by their potential rather than their circumstances.
In conclusion, Sir Thomas More's "Utopia" is a perfect representation of Renaissance humanism, capturing the era's focus on critical thinking, bettering society, and seeking knowledge. By presenting an ideal society, More not only criticizes the shortcomings of his own time but also promotes humanistic principles like fairness, education, and fairness. The text demonstrates the Renaissance belief in the power of human reason and societal advancement, showing how literature and philosophy were used as means for intellectual exploration and transforming society during this crucial historical period.
REFERENCES
1.Harper Collins, Collins Cobuild English Language Dictionary. 1987.p.47
2."Utopia Summary" Shmoop. Shmoop University, Inc., 11Nov. 2008. Web.7 Jun.2019.
3.Monfasani, Jhon, Humanism, Renaissance. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 1998
4.Simone Testa And Nadia Cannata Salamone, Humanism and The Renaissance, The
5. Year's Work in Modern Languages Studies Vol.67(2005), p.378-402, Brill
6.https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english
7. https: //www.britannica.com/topic/Utopia-by-More
8.https://www.history.com/news/renaissance-influence-reformation-humanism
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