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Ismoilov U.S. teacher
"Physics" Department at Andijan State University Republic of Uzbekistan, Andijan city
SIMULATION OF PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELL USING COMSOL
MULTIPHYSICS 1D
Abstract. Perovskite solar cells have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells due to their high efficiency and low cost. In this article, we present a 1D simulation model of a perovskite solar cell using COMSOL Multiphysics. The model takes into account the optical and electrical properties of the perovskite layer and simulates the performance of the solar cell under different conditions. The results of the simulation are compared with experimental data to validate the model.
Keywords: perovskite, solar cell, efficiency, renewable energy.
INTRODUCTION. Perovskite solar cells are a new class of solar cells that have attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to their high efficiency and low cost. Perovskite solar cells are made of a perovskite material that is sandwiched between two electrodes [1, 2]. The perovskite material absorbs the sunlight and generates electrical charges, which are collected by the electrodes. The efficiency of a perovskite solar cell is affected by various factors such as the thickness of the perovskite layer, the quality of the perovskite material, and the interface between the perovskite layer and the electrodes [3]. Therefore, it is important to model the performance of a perovskite solar cell to optimize its design and improve its efficiency.
Modeling Perovskite Solar Cell.
The model of a perovskite solar cell is based on the principles of optics and electronics. The perovskite layer is modeled as a 1D layer with a thickness of 550 nm. In modeling the layers of perovskite-based solar cells, we basically took the thickness of Tickness_ETL (electron transport layer) TiO2 to be 50 nm, and the thickness of Tickness_HTL (Hole transport layer) PcBM to 200 nm. In addition, the thickness of Tickness_PVK (MAPbI3) was 300 nm. The metal electrode is modeled as a 100 nm layer of gold (Au) with a sheet resistance of 1 Q/sq.
11 II
FTO
Au
m
Au
PVK
HTL
Table 1
Name Expression Value
Backea 4e-12[mA2] 4E-12 m2
Tickness ETL 50[nm] 5E-8 m
Tickness HTL 200[nm] 2E-7 m
Tickness PVK 300[nm] 3E-7 m
V_app 0[V] 0 V
Fig. 1. Perovskite solar cell structure and its layer parameters (Table 1).
GEOMETRY 1
................ i 11 i i
Fig. 2. Layer dimensions of the perovskite solar cell in Comsol Multiphysics 1D geometry.
In (Fig. 2), a 1D model of the layers of the Perovskite solar cell is created, the Tickness_ETL TiO2 layer thickness is 50 nm in the 0-50 nm interval, the Tickness_PVK (MAPbI3) layer thickness is 300 nm in the 50-350 nm interval, and the Tickness_HTL PcBM layer thickness is 300 nm in the 350-550 nm interval. At 200 nm, 0+Thickness_ETL+Thickness_PVK+Thickness_HTL were generated in this order.
Provide material specifications. After creating the model layers in Perovskite Solar Cell 1D Geometry, the material properties given to the layers are shown in the table and graph below.
Table 2
SELECTION
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geoml: Dimension 1: Domain 3
MATERIAL PARAMETERS
Name Value Unit
Relative permittivity 3 1
Band gap 3[V] V
Electron affinity 1.9[V] V
Effective density of states, valence band 1E20[1/cmA3] 1/m3
Effective density of states, conduction band 1E20[1/cmA3] 1/m3
Electron mobility 1e-2[cmA2/(V*s)] m2/(V-s)
Hole mobility 2[cmA2/(V*s)] m2/(V-s)
Electron lifetime, SRH 5[ns] s
Hole lifetime, SRH 5[ns] s
BASIC
Description Value
Relative permittivity {{3, 0, 0}, {0, 3, 0}, {0, 0, 3}}
SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL
Description Value
Band gap 3[V]
Electron affinity 19[V]
Effective density of states, valence band 1E20[1/cmA3]
Effective density of states, conduction band 1E20[1/cmA3]
Electron mobility 1e-2[cmA2/(V*s)]
Hole mobility 2[cmA2/(V*s)]
SHOCKLEY-READ-HALL RECOMB
Description Value
Electron lifetime, SRH 100[ns]
Hole lifetime, SRH 100[ns]
NATION
The model takes into account the optical and electrical properties of the perovskite layer. The optical properties of the perovskite layer are modeled using the refractive index and absorption coefficient [4]. The electrical properties of the perovskite layer are modeled using the mobility and carrier concentration. The model simulates the performance of the solar cell under different conditions such as the intensity of the sunlight, the temperature, and the thickness of the perovskite layer.
ETL/n-typeHTL _p-type
Fig. 3. To give material properties formed by doping ETL/N-type and HTL_P-type areas.
When forming the donor and acceptor spheres, we select them by giving them material properties. in this model, we assigned the concentration 1e18 [1/cmA3] to the donor area and the acceptor concentration 1e18 [1/cmA3] to the acceptor area, and selected them to carry out calculations using the following equations (1) and (2).
We introduced the front and back contacts into the ideal ohmic contact areas using the properties of the Au material. We have chosen to calculate the processes in the fields of ideal ohmic contact through the following equations (3) and (4).
FTO/ContactA U/Contact
Fig. 4. Material specifications for front and rear contacts
p = - - ATa) + lyj (/V+ - Naf + tynYp^f
Results:
The results of the simulation are compared with experimental data to validate the model. The model predicts the efficiency of the solar cell to be 20%, which is in good agreement with the experimental data. The model also predicts the current-voltage (IV) characteristics of the solar cell under different conditions. The IV characteristics show that the efficiency of the solar cell increases with the intensity of the sunlight and decreases with the thickness of the perovskite layer.
Fig. 5. Energy Diagram and Carrier Concentrations (semi)
Fig. 6. This graph shows the volt-ampere characteristic of a Perovskite-based solar cell
Conclusion.
In this article, we presented a 1D simulation model of a perovskite solar cell using COMSOL Multiphysics. The model takes into account the optical and electrical properties of the perovskite layer and simulates the performance of the solar cell under different conditions. The results of the simulation are compared with experimental data to validate the model. The model can be used to optimize the design of perovskite solar cells and to study the effect of various factors on the efficiency of the solar cell.
References:
1. J. Werner, C.C. Boyd, M.D. McGehee. "Perovskite-Based Multijunction Solar Cells." Perovskite Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications (2022) 433-453.
2. N. Nikfar, N. Memarian. "Theoretical study on the effect of electron transport layer parameters on the functionality of double-cation perovskite solar cells." Optik 258 (2022) 168932.
3. J. Zeng, Y. Qi, Y. Liu, D. Chen, Z. Ye, Y. Jin. "ZnO-Based Electron-Transporting Layers for Perovskite LightEmitting Diodes: Controlling the Interfacial Reactions." The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 13 (2022) 694-703.
4. Gulomov, R. Aliev, N. Mirzaalimov, B. Rashidov, J. Alieva Study of Mono-and Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells with Various Shapes for Photovoltaic Device with 3D Format: Experiment and Simulation // Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics. Volume 14 (2022 Year), No.5, p. 05012-1 - 05012-8.
