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Российская практика применения нетарифных мер регулирования в условиях членства в ЕАЭС и ее значение для защиты отечественных производителей
Russian practice of application of non-tariff regulatory measures in the conditions of membership in the EAEU and its value for the protection of domestic manufacturers
Арбузов Павел Алексеевич
Студент 3 курса
Западный Филиал Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при
Президенте Российской Федерации Россия, Калининград e-mail: pahan071198@mail.ru
Arbuzov Pavel Alexeevich
Student of the 3rd course
Western Branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President
of the Russian Federation Russia, Kaliningrad e-mail: pahan071198@mail.ru
Научный руководитель Огнева Наталья Федоровна
к.э.н, доцент
Западный Филиал Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при
Президенте Российской Федерации Россия, Калининград e-mail: natashafedorovna@mail. ru
Research adviser Ogneva Natalya Fedorovna
Candidate of Economic Sciences, docent Western Branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President
of the Russian Federation Russia, Kaliningrad e-mail: natashafedorovna@mail.ru
Руководитель по иностранному языку Бессерт Ольга Борисовна
к.п.н., доцент
Западный Филиал Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при
Президенте Российской Федерации Россия, Калининград e-mail: o.bessert@mail.ru
Language adviser Bessert Olga Borisovna
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, docent Western Branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President
of the Russian Federation Russia, Kaliningrad e-mail: o.bessert@mail.ru
Аннотация.
В современном мире одним из ключевых инструментов внешнеторговой политики различных стран являются нетарифные меры. Динамика их использования в XXI веке неумолимо растет, что обусловлено закреплением таможенных пошлин на определенном уровне в рамках многосторонних соглашений, принятых странами-членами Всемирной торговой организации.
По данным ЮНКТАД сегодня нетарифные меры влияют на 77% мировой торговли. Актуальность данной темы определяется высокой степенью использования государствами нетарифных методов регулирования для защиты национального рынка и реализации своих экономических интересов на мировом рынке. Нетарифные
меры являются наиболее значимым регулятором внешней торговли и ограничивают ее между странами в большей степени, чем таможенные тарифы.
В статье описана практика применения нетарифных мер регулирования Россией в условиях ее состава в ЕАЭС, а также значение этих мер для защиты отечественного рынка. Выявлены проблемы применения данных мер.
Annotation.
In the modern world, non-tariff measures are one of the key instruments of the foreign trade policy of various countries. The dynamics of their use in the XXI century is inexorably growing, due to the consolidation of customs duties at a certain level in the framework of multilateral agreements adopted by member countries of the World Trade Organization.
According to UNCTAD, non-tariff measures today affect 77% of world trade. The relevance of this topic is determined by the high degree of use by states of non-tariff regulatory methods to protect the national market and the realization of their economic interests in the world market. Non-tariff measures are the most significant regulator of foreign trade and limit it between countries to a greater extent than customs tariffs.
The article describes the practice of applying non-tariff regulatory measures by Russia in terms of its composition in the EAEU, as well as the significance of these measures for the protection of the domestic market. The problems in the application of these measures are identified.
Ключевые слова: нетарифные методы регулирования, ЕАЭС, национальное законодательство, интеграционные процессы, экспорт, импорт.
Key words: non-tariff regulation methods, EAEU, national legislation, integration processes, export, import.
In recent years' global integration processes need to modernize mechanisms for protecting national economies. One of the most important facets of such protection are customs instruments regulating foreign trade.
On January 1, 2015, the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) was established, the members of which are Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia. All Member States use non-tariff measures to regulate foreign trade, guided both by national legislation and by the unified regulatory documents of the Union with regard to third countries.
Non-tariff regulatory measures can be defined as a set of limiting-restrictive measures that impede the importation of foreign goods into the domestic market. The purposes of these restrictions are: protection of the domestic market and national industry, strengthening the competitiveness of domestic producers, protection of life and health of the population, as well as the environment.
The Russian Federation uses classical instruments based on various international treaties and agreements, as well as on national legislation to control or restrict the import and export of goods.
The EAEU Customs Code, Federal Laws "On Customs Regulation in the Russian Federation and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation", "On the Principles of State Regulation of Foreign Trade" can be attributed to the legislative base of non-tariff regulation. Among international agreements, it is important to note the Agreement on the Movement of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and their Precursors in the Customs Territory of the EAEU, signed by the Heads of the CU Member States on 10/24/2013 (Decision of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council No. 51 on 10.24.2013); The Agreement on the transfer of service and civilian weapons between the Member States of the Eurasian Economic Union dated 05.20.2016; Decree of the EEC Board of 02.02.2018 No. 22 "On the draft decision of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission" On Amendments to the Unified Quarantine Phytosanitary Requirements for Quarantine Products and Quarantine Objects at the Customs Border and in the Customs Territory of the Eurasian Economic Union."
Speaking about the non-tariff quantitative restrictions imposed and regulated by the national legislation of Russia, it is possible to note the current restrictions against the export and import of weapons, military equipment and artillery systems, etc. for the DPRK and Libya. Also for the DPRK, the import and export of a vast amount of civilian goods is prohibited. These restrictions are related to the implementation of various resolutions of the UN Security Council.
Also, within the framework of the EAEU, a number of goods to which quantitative restrictions and bans on the importation and exportation apply:
1. Ozone-depleting substances and products containing ozone-depleting substances.
2. Hazardous waste.
3. Information on printed, audiovisual and other storage media.
4. Plant protection products and other persistent organic pollutants.
5. Service and civilian weapons, its main parts and its ammunition.
6. Tools for extraction (catch) of aquatic biological resources.
7. Products from harp seals and young harp seals.
8. Live sable.
There are also a number of goods that are restricted for movement and require permits from responsible federal executive bodies (for example, ozone-depleting substances, plant protection products, hazardous waste, collections and collectibles on mineralogy and paleontology, bones of fossil animals, wild live animals, selected wild plants and wild medicinal raw materials, precious stones, metals and commodities containing precious metals, narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors, and others).
Thus, the customs regulation of Russia in terms of its participation in the EAEU is carried out in accordance with the Treaty on the EAEU, the Customs Code of the EAEU, the ETT of the EAEU and the Union regulations. Regulation of foreign trade activities is carried out by various tariff and non-tariff methods, the application of which completely depends on the classification of product groups, the regime and objectives for the importation of goods, the country of origin, and the economic development of a country.
Among other things, it is worth emphasizing that Russia and the EAEU have practically created a legal framework that will allow the EAEU Member States to complete fulfillment of their obligations under the WTO.
At the present stage of economic integration, it is difficult to assess the use of non-tariff barriers (both individually and as a whole) and their impact on the trade and economic development of countries. This happens for the following reasons: a large variety and heterogeneity of non-tariff measures, the emergence of new forms of non-tariff barriers (including measures of hidden protectionism), the lack of systematic data, problems with the categorization of non-tariff barriers. As a result, it is difficult to unify the rules of non-tariff regulation of international trade.
Despite this, the WTO at the global level improves existing and creates new protective mechanisms and methods, the understanding and development of which is necessary for the effective realization of national economic interests in modern conditions and the strengthening of competitive positions in international markets.
Anti-dumping, compensatory and special protective measures of non-tariff regulation are reflected both in the legal framework of the EAEU and in the legislation of the Russian Federation. These non-tariff regulation measures are applied by decision of the Government of the Russian Federation at the national level, as well as by the decision of the Eurasian Economic Commission at the EAEU level.
Thus, non-tariff measures of regulation of foreign trade activities are an integral part of state regulation. Today, the Member States of the EEU are applying unified measures of non-tariff regulation.
Список используемой литературы:
1. The Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union (Annex No. 1 to the Treaty on the Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union) // The official website of the Eurasian Economic Union http://www.eaeunion.org/, 12.04.2017
2. Decision of the Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission of April 21, 2015 N 30 "On measures of non-tariff regulation" // ATP "Consultant Plus".
3. Dyumulen I.I. International trade. Tariff and non-tariff regulation: Textbook / II. Dumoulin. 4th ed. M .: VAVT, 2015. p. 365-366.
4. Khmelnitsky B.H. Non-tariff measures of regulation of foreign trade: features of application in modern conditions. // Economics and business: theory and practice. 2017. № 7. - p. 90-93.
5. Khmelnitsky V.N. The practice of non-tariff measures in the modern world economy and their features / V.N. Khmelnitsky // Economics and Business: Theory and Practice. 2018. 4. - p. 264
