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to introduce new concepts, solidify understanding, or revise past material. Choose diverse and engaging CALL programs, and follow up with discussions to solidify learning and address questions. This thoughtful integration transforms CALL programs into strategic assets, fostering a dynamic and personalized English language learning environment.
Conclusion
In conclusion, computer training programs, or CALL programs, offer a dynamic and versatile toolbox for English language educators. By strategically integrating CALL programs throughout lessons, from introducing new concepts to fostering independent practice and assessment, teachers can create a more engaging and personalized learning experience. This thoughtful integration caters to diverse learning styles and equips students with the skills they need to thrive in today's technology-driven world. References:
1. Warschauer, M., & Healey, D. Learning English with technology: Design principles and practices. Heinle & Heinle. (1998)
2. Levy, M. CALL: Context and conceptualisation in language teaching. Milton Keynes: Open University Press. (1997)
3. Fotos, C. CALL and cognitive processes in second language learning. Routledge. (2013)
© Charyyev M., Ateyev S., 2024
УДК 37
Gazakbayeva G.,
Instructor of Magtymguly Turkmen State University,
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Tomanov A., Saparova O., Saparmammedova A., Tashliyeva A.,
Students of Magtymguly Turkmen State University,
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
ROMANTICISM IN GERMAN LITERATURE Annotation
This article examines the multifaceted phenomenon of Romanticism within German literature, flourishing from the late 18th to the early 19th centuries. It delves into the movement's core tenets, including a rejection of Enlightenment rationalism, a celebration of imagination and emotion, and a fascination with the natural world and the individual's place within it. The article analyzes how these themes manifested in the works of prominent German Romantic writers, showcasing the movement's lasting impact on literary expression.
Keywords:
german romanticism, romanticism, literature, imagination, emotion, nature.
Газакбаева Г.,
Преподаватель
Туркменского государственного университета имени Махтумкули,
Ашхабад, Туркменистан Томанов А., Сапарова О., Сапармаммедова А., Ташлиева А.,
Студенты
Туркменского государственного университета имени Махтумкули,
Ашхабад, Туркменистан
Аннотация
В данной статье рассматривается многогранное явление романтизма в немецкой литературе, расцвет которого приходится на конец XVIII - начало XIX веков. Он углубляется в основные принципы движения, включая отказ от рационализма Просвещения, прославление воображения и эмоций, а также увлечение миром природы и местом человека в нем. В статье анализируется, как эти темы проявились в произведениях выдающихся немецких писателей-романтиков, демонстрируя длительное влияние этого направления на литературное выражение.
Ключевые слова:
немецкий романтизм, романтизм, литература, воображение, эмоция, природа.
Introduction
German Romanticism, a vibrant literary and philosophical movement that arose in the late 18th century, marked a significant departure from the preceding Age of Enlightenment. Enlightenment thinkers emphasized reason, logic, and scientific inquiry. In stark contrast, Romantics championed the power of imagination, intuition, and the exploration of emotions. This article explores the core characteristics of German Romanticism and its enduring impact on the landscape of German literature.
A Rebellion Against Reason:
The seeds of Romanticism were sown in response to the perceived limitations of Enlightenment thought. Romantics felt that the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and logic had stifled creativity and overlooked the importance of subjective experience. They sought to reclaim the power of imagination and emotion, advocating for a more holistic understanding of the human condition.
The Embrace of Imagination and Emotion:
Central to German Romanticism was the elevation of imagination as a primary creative force. Writers like Friedrich Schiller, in his play Die Rauber(The Robbers), explored themes of rebellion and individualism, driven by the protagonist's unrestrained imagination. Similarly, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, a pivotal figure in the movement, explored the depths of human emotion in works like The Sorrows of Young Werther.
Nature: A Mirror of the Soul:
The natural world assumed a profound significance in German Romanticism. Nature was not merely a backdrop but a source of inspiration, a reflection of the human soul, and a symbol of the infinite. Novalis (Friedrich von Hardenberg), in his novel Heinrich von Ofterdingen, depicts nature as a mystical realm, intertwined with the protagonist's spiritual quest. Joseph von Eichendorff, known for his lyrical nature poems, uses vivid imagery to evoke a sense of longing and connection with the natural world.
The Exploration of the Self and the Sublime:
Romanticism placed a renewed emphasis on the individual and the exploration of inner experience. Writers delved into the complexities of the human psyche, often focusing on themes of alienation, longing, and the search for meaning. They were fascinated by the concept of the sublime, the awe-inspiring vastness and power of nature that evoked feelings of both wonder and terror.
Conclusion:
German Romanticism's influence on literature transcended its historical period. It revolutionized the way writers approached themes of love, loss, nature, and the individual's place in the world. The movement's emphasis on imagination, emotion, and the exploration of the self continues to resonate with readers and writers today. References:
1. Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press, 2008.
2. Beuchamp, Antony. The Routledge Companion to Aesthetics. Routledge, 2011.
3. Burke, Edmund. A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful. Dover Publications, 1998.
© Gazakbayeva G., Tomanov A., Saparova O., Saparmammedova A., Tashliyeva A., 2024
