CC BY
4Scholarly Publisher RS Global Sp. z O.O.
ISNI: 0000 0004 8495 2390
Dolna 17, Warsaw, Poland 00-773 Tel: +48 226 0 227 03 Email: [email protected]
JOURNAL p-ISSN e-ISSN PUBLISHER
World Science
2413-1032
2414-6404
RS Global Sp. z O.O., Poland
ARTICLE TITLE AUTHOR(S)
ARTICLE INFO DOI
RECEIVED ACCEPTED PUBLISHED
RESULTS OF DETERMINING THE TECHNOLOGICAL MODE OF DRYING ALFARM AND PREPARING COMPOSITE FEED USING SOLAR COLLECTORS Ganbat Balsan, Mungun Jargalsaikhan, Nyamsuren Nyam-Osor, Battugs Sukhee
Ganbat Balsan, Mungun Jargalsaikhan, Nyamsuren Nyam-Osor, Battugs Sukhee. (2024) Results of determining the technological mode of drying alfarm and preparing composite feed using solar collectors. World Science. 2(84). doi: 10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30062024/8200
https://doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30062024/8200 18 May 2024
28 June 2024
29 June 2024
LICENSE
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© The author(s) 2024. This publication is an open access article.
RESULTS OF DETERMINING THE TECHNOLOGICAL MODE OF DRYING ALFARM AND PREPARING COMPOSITE FEED USING SOLAR COLLECTORS
Ganbat Balsan
Doctorant, School of Engineering and Technology, Mongolian University of Life Sciences,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
ORCID ID: 0009-0005-0617-302X
Mungun Jargalsaikhan
Dean., Ph.D., School of Engineering and Technology, Mongolian University of Life Sciences,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2471-9007
Nyamsuren Nyam-Osor
Doctorant, School of School ofApplied Sciences, Mongolian University of Life Sciences,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4304-8760
Battugs Sukhee
Ph.D., Professor, School of School of Applied Sciences, Mongolian University of Life Sciences,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
ORCID ID: 0009-0005-6479-0018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30062024/8200
ABSTRACT
Alfalfa is known as the king of nutrition due to its digestibility, which contains all kinds of substances. One kilogram of alfalfa grass at flowering yields 0.6 kg of nutrient units and 80 g of digestible protein, and 0.9-1.0 kg of nutrient units and 160 g of protein per kilogram of grass meal. The nutritional value of nutrient-dense food directly depends on the method of its preparation. 90% of nutritional units and 80% of absorbable protein are fully utilized by preparing vitamin green fodder according to the technology. In the article, the parameters of alfalfa drying equipment, such as drying temperature, drying time, and cutting length, are studied in connection with the technology of vitamin green fodder preparation, and the mathematical model of dependence and optimal values are determined.
Citation: Ganbat Balsan, Mungun Jargalsaikhan, Nyamsuren Nyam-Osor, Battugs Sukhee. (2024) Results of determining the technological mode of drying alfarm and preparing composite feed using solar collectors. World Science. 2(84). doi: 10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30062024/8200
Copyright: © 2024 Ganbat Balsan, Mungun Jargalsaikhan, Nyamsuren Nyam-Osor, Battugs Sukhee. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
ARTICLE INFO
Received: 18 May 2024 Accepted: 28 June 2024 Published: 29 June 2024
KEYWORDS
Protein, Drying Temperature, Solar Radiation, Moisture, Drying Time.
Introduction.
In order to produce good quality hay from haylage, it is necessary to reduce the moisture content to 18-22%. The quality of the grass depends to a large extent on how quickly the free and physico-chemically bound water evaporates during grass preparation. When green plants are dried on the ground in the usual way, the loss of carotene in 1 kg of feed increases to 80...100 mg.
The researchers found that when freshly harvested green plants are artificially dried (using solar heat accumulators) and prepared as grass flour, its nutritional value is slightly lost, and its nutritional value is almost 2 times higher than when dried on the ground by traditional methods [2]. Mongolia has abundant renewable energy resources, and 200-260 days out of 365 days a year are clear [3].
Исследовали кинетику сорбции паров жидких сред на весах Мак-Бона с кварциевой спиралью и определяли молекулярные массы полимеров вискозиметрическим методом.
Therefore, a model of a drying device using solar energy was designed, and drying technology experiments and research were carried out. The purpose of determining the amount of protein content of green fodder plants depending on the drying temperature, drying time, and length of cutting of the plant was set.
Experimental design.
In this research work, the raw materials for preparing vitamin feed from green plants were selected, the protein content, physical and mechanical properties of the selected plants were determined, and the operating mode of the artificial drying device was optimized and mathematically processed.
Fig. 1 shows the device used for production tests to reduce the amount of moisture of green fodder plants.
The amount of protein in vitamin feed (C) was determined depending on three factors, such as the drying temperature (t), the drying time (T), and the length of cutting alfalfa (/).
Figure 1. The object of the production test
The test black box is shown below (Fig. 2).
I I
Zl Z2 ♦ ♦
Green feed drying process
♦ ♦
Qi Cb
I •
Figure 2. Black box for planned testing.
Of this:
Controlled factors:
xi - the drying temperature - t, [deg];
x2 - the drying time - T, [hours] ;
x3 - the length of cutting alfalfa -l, [mm] ;
Controllable but unmanaged factors:
Qi - nutrient value of alfalfa;
Q2 - the moisture of alfalfa;
Unmanaged factors:
zi - ambient air humidity;
z2. -solar radiation.
The experimental plan consists of a three-factored (n = 3) factorial design with five levels. Levels of variation and codes of the independent variables of x1, x2, and x3 for the rate of scarification are presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Levels and codes of the independent variables of t, T and l.
1.68 1 0 1 1.68 A
The drying temperature - t, [deq] xi 33.18 0 0 60 6.81 3.18
The drying time - T, [hours] X2 5.31 6 7 8 8.68 1
The length of cutting alfalfa -l, [mm] X3 6.59 10 15 20 23.41 0.5
Table 2. Real and coded values for independent variables the drying temperature (xi), the drying time (X2), and the length of cutting (X3) the amount of protein in vitamin feed (y).
t,\deg] T, [hours] l, \mm] t, \de,g] T, [hours] l, \mm] c
xi X2 X3 Xi X2 X3 y
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 1 1 1 40 6 10 17.15
2 1 1 -1 60 6 10 14.24
3 1 -1 1 40 8 10 18.86
4 1 -1 -1 60 8 10 17.44
Table 2. Continuation.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5 -1 1 1 40 6 20 11.69
6 -1 1 -1 60 6 20 15.41
7 -1 -1 1 40 8 20 13.65
8 -1 -1 -1 60 8 20 15.45
9 1.68 0 0 33.18 7 15 15.53
10 -1.68 0 0 66.81 7 15 16.04
11 0 1.68 0 50 5.31 15 12.98
12 0 -1.68 0 50 8.68 15 16.91
13 0 0 1.68 50 7 6.59 15.06
14 0 0 -1.68 50 7 23.41 14.94
15 0 0 0 50 7 15 17.79
16 0 0 0 50 7 15 16.47
17 0 0 0 50 7 15 16.27
18 0 0 0 50 7 15 15.33
19 0 0 0 50 7 15 14.76
20 0 0 0 50 7 15 16.52
Optimization parameters:
y - the amount of protein in vitamin feed, C; y = f(x1, x2, x3) ^ max.
Results.
According to the methodology of the experiment, the experiment was conducted to optimize the parameters of the technology for the preparation of vitamin green fodder. The dependent variable was determined using rotatable experimental design. [1] The basic level of the input factors was derived from experiments using preliminary laboratory equipment and the results of researchers. The drying temperature was 50 degrees, the drying time was 7 hours, and the alfalfa cutting length was 15 mm [5], [8], [9],[ 10]. At these values, alfalfa protein quality parameters showed the greatest variation.
When checking that the numerical values of the measurements follow the normal distribution law by Shapiro and Wilka's W criteria, the calculated value Wt=138.57 satisfied the condition that the table value Wx=0.905 is greater.
When checking the homogeneity of dispersion by Cochran's G criterion, the calculated value GT=0.157 satisfies the condition that the table value GX=0.270 is lower.
The significance of the coefficients of the regression equation is checked by the Student's test, and the correctness of the equation is checked by the Fisher test. The calculated value of the criterion is FT=1.91, and the condition FT < Fx (FX=2.25) is met, so the mathematical model is created as follows.
y=376.24-7.52x1+1.97x2 -24.55x3+0.49x1x3 (1)
The amount of protein in vitamin feed=376.24-7.52(t)+1.97(T)-24.55(l)+0.49(t)(l) (2)
Using the mathematical model (2) to determine the optimization value by finding the extremum of the factor of 3, the optimal values are X?=56 degree, X0=8 hours, X3=15.5 cm protein content is Ymax(x?,x2,X3 )=16.4%.
f«m Surface vamt* yd 3 factory 1 Blocks 20Run uSResuJuafl 60M31 ov yj
j»f
Figure 3. 3-D plots fort the amount ofprotein in vitamin feed as the drying temperature and the drying
time.
Fitted surface vanawe Yd 3 factors 1 Blocks 20 Runs MS Residual-1 605331 DV Y3
Figure 4. 3-D plots fort the amount ofprotein in vitamin feed as the drying time and the
length of cutting.
Fitted Surface. VanaMe Yd 3 factors. 1 Blocks. 20 Rons MS Residual 1 605331 DV Y3
Figure 5. 3-D plots fort the amount ofprotein in vitamin feed as the drying temperature and
the length of cutting.
Discussion.
Haiqing Wu, a Chinese researcher, artificially dried alfalfa and studied the changes in nutrient quality, and found that the protein content was 12-18% [10]. American researcher Rebecca Rose Milczarek's made a mathematical model for drying food and fodder plants using solar energy and optimized research [7]. Researcher Ahmet Yusuf Sengul of Turkey artificially dried alfalfa showed a protein content of 18-21% [11], [12]. Mongolian researchers Ch. Sodnomtseren and D. Baatar studied the preparation of vitamin feed and found that alfalfa protein content was 12-18% during flowering [2] [5]. Using solar energy to dry alfalfa in a greenhouse under the conditions of Mongolia, the protein content was determined to be 16.48%, which is close to the results of researchers from other countries.
Conclusion.
1. The mathematical model of the degree of peeling of buckwheat is as follows. It includes: The amount of protein in vitamin feed=376.24-7.52(t)+1.97(T)-24.55(l)+0.49(t)(l).
2. The protein content of alfalfa dried experimentally is 16.48%, which is close to the results determined by researchers.
3. The maximum value of amount of protein in vitamin feed is 16.4 % when the drying temperature - 56 degree, the drying time -8 hours, and the length of cutting -15.5 cm.
REFERENCES
1. Avdai.Ch, Enkhtuya.D Methodology of conducting research and analysis work. UB 2013.
2. MAAESHKH. Animal feed and nutritional science in 50 years. UB 2011.
3. Batmunkh. S Theory and practical basis of solar energy conversion technology in Mongolian conditions. UB 2014.
4. Avdai. Ch, Peace. D Mathematical method of experiment planning and its application in research work. UB 2017.
5. Ganbat. B Research on nutritional quality of conventionally and artificially dried alfalfa. Agricultural engineering technology. No. 1, 2014.
6. Ganbat. B Test results of some parameters of solar drying equipment. ITS, ЭСEХ, 2017.
7. Milczarek.R.R Mathematical and Computational Modeling Simulation of Solar Drying Systems. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017. 357.
8. Papushin. E Increase in efficiency of drying of proven grass optimization parameters of the equipment for the use of solar energy. Dissertation pa soiskanie uchenoi gradni kandidata tehnikikh nauk. St. Petersburg. 2002.
9. Gievsky AM. Increasing the efficiency of drying Lucerna seeds at Staniyar bytom podogrea vudaho v solnechnom kolektore. Dissertation on degree candidate of technical sciences, 1992. Voronezh.
10. Haiqing Wu. Che gang. Study of preserved drying process on protein content of alfalfa. China Academic journal electronic publishing house. 2006.
11. Ahmet Yusuf Sengul. The effects of various drying methods on the nutrient composition of alfalfa varieties. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. Journal ISSN 10184619. Volume 28-2019. Pages 6618-6625.
12. Yuriy A. Ivanov. Experimental study on microwave-vacuum drying of alfalfa. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. VOL. 13, NO. 19, OCTOBER 2018. Page 8019-8024.
13. Ravinder Kumar Sahdev. A review on applications of greenhouse drying and its performance. Agricultural Engineering International : The CIGR e-journal. June 2016.
14. N.R. Nwakuba. Design and development of a hybrid solar-electric dryer for sliced vegetable crops. Journal of Agricultural Engineering and Technology (JAET) Volume 23 (No. 2) September 2017.
15. Amit Kumar. Historical Trends and Recent Developments in Solar Greenhouse Dryer Operated Under Active Mode: A Review. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 10(33). September 2017.
16. Gao Gaixia. Effect of various harvest time and drying methods on nutritive value of Alfalfa hay. Acta agrirestia sinica. Vol.5. №2. 1997.
17. Arvind Kumar Singh. Experimental Analysis on Solar Air Dryer. International Journal of Engineering, Management & Sciences (IJEMS). ISSN: 2348 -3733, Volume-1, Issue-12, December 2014.
18. SUN Qing-yun. Research Progress of Forage Drying Technology and Equipment. Acta Agrestia Sinica. Vol 30. issn. 1007-0435.2022.01.001. 2022.
19. Xianzhe Zheng, Drying and Quality Characteristics of Different Components of Alfalfa. An ASAE Meeting Presentation. Paper Number: 056185. 2005.
