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RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS ON BUCKWHEAT PEELING WITH A DISK HULLER
Amartuvshin Oidov, Munkhbat Mendbayar, Gangantogos Yadamsuren, Battugs Sukhee
Amartuvshin Oidov, Munkhbat Mendbayar, Gangantogos Yadamsuren, Battugs Sukhee. (2024) Results of Experiments on Buckwheat Peeling with a Disk Huller. World Science. 2(84). doi: 10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30062024/8175
https://doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30062024/8175
18 April 2024 14 June 2024
19 June 2024
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© The author(s) 2024. This publication is an open access article.
RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS ON BUCKWHEAT PEELING WITH A DISK HULLER
Amartuvshin Oidov
Doctorant, School of Engineering and Technology, Mongolian University ofLife Sciences
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
ORCID ID: 0009-0007-3696-6228
Munkhbat Mendbayar
Ph.D School of Applied sciences, Mongolian University of Life Sciences Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia ORCID ID: 0009-0000-0087-681X
Gangantogos Yadamsuren
Doctorant, School of Applied Sciences, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar Mongolia
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4428-7344 Battugs Sukhee
Ph.D., Professor, School of Applied Sciences, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar Mongolia
ORCID ID: 0009-0005-6479-0018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30062024/8175
ABSTRACT
In order to implement the government's "Food Supply, Security and Nutrition" national program, carry out scientific theory and technical research on the process of dehulling, which is the main step in the production technology of certain types of rice imported from abroad (such as buckwheat). there is a necessity.
The year-on-year increase in the yield and import of rare types of rice has increased the demand and need for valuable products used for food, feed, and hygiene purposes, and companies and organizations are interested in selling them to foreign markets. Between 2018 and 2022, primary processing was carried out in Estonia, Japan, Korea, Russia, and China, and buckwheat worth 2972 thousand US dollars was exported. If we study the demands of the enterprises and citizens engaged in agricultural production, our research review shows that there is a need for rice cleaning and peeling equipment suitable for the conditions of our country.
Therefore, experiments are carried out on buckwheat with disk huller using the three-factor rototable designing method, and after finding the mathematical model, the results of determining the optimal values of the technological parameters are presented.
Citation: Amartuvshin Oidov, Munkhbat Mendbayar, Gangantogos Yadamsuren, Battugs Sukhee. (2024) Results of Experiments on Buckwheat Peeling with a Disk Huller. World Science. 2(84). doi: 10.31435/rsglobal ws/30062024/8175_
Copyright: © 2024 Amartuvshin Oidov, Munkhbat Mendbayar, Gangantogos Yadamsuren, Battugs Sukhee. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
ARTICLE INFO
Received: 18 April 2024 Accepted: 14 June 2024 Published: 19 June 2024
KEYWORDS
Peeling Equipment, Factors, Experimental Design, Optimal Value.
Introduction.
There is a need to fractionate the grain by geometric size in order to include it in the peeling and polishing process after grain harvesting and in the process of scarification to prepare the seed for planting. This requirement applies to squeeze-rub-tap peeling machines. For example, buckwheat is separated into 6 fractions using a broom with holes of 0 4.5-4.2-4.0-3.83.6-3.3 mm, and peeling is carried out in 6 parallel lines. Therefore, in order to investigate whether it is possible to reduce the number of 6 parallel lines used in the process of peeling technology, we conducted a gas test of a disc or disk huller device, which is a type of peeling machine with the action of compression-carrying-rubbing.
The purpose of this research work is to find the optimal value of the main influencing technological parameters and determine the results by using the appropriate rototable designing method of the experiment designing center in the numerical data of the buckweat peeling test with a disk huller.
Experimental design.
From the sample of buckwheat, one hundred pieces were counted and the material to be peeled was selected. After that, their geometrical dimensions were individually measured, mathematical statistical processing was performed on the numerical data, and the working distance of the plate peeler was selected by the 3 sigma rule. The degree of peeling (Kx) was determined depending on three factors, such as the speed of rotation of the rotor of the peeling device (©), the moisture of peeling seeds (w), and the grain size of seeds (z). The test black box is shown below (Fig. 1).
Figure 1. Black box for planned testing.
Of this:
Controlled factors:
Xi - the speed of rotation of the rotor of the peeling device - © , [r/min]; X2 - the moisture of peeling seeds - w, [%] ; X3 - the grain size of seeds - z, [pm]; Controllable but unmanaged factors:
h - the size of the gap between the stationary and rotating discs;
qi - degree of purity of husked rice;
q2 - the temperature of the husked rice;
Unmanaged factors:
z1 - ambient air temperature,
z2 - ambient air humidity.
The experimental plan consists of a three-factored (n = 3) factorial design with five levels. Levels of variation and codes of the independent variables of x1, x2, and x3 for the degree of peeling are presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Levels and codes of the independent variables of w and z.
1.68 -1 0 1 1.68 A
The speed of rotation of the rotor of the peeling device - ra , [r/min] X 1 864 1000 1200 1400 1536 200
The moisture of peeling seeds - w, [%] X2 8.64 10 12 14 15.36 2
The grain size of seeds - z, [^m] X3 23.2 30 40 50 56.8 10
Table 2. Real and coded values for independent variables Speed of rotation of the rotor of the peeling device (x1), Moisture of peeling seeds (x2), and Grain size of seeds (x3) the degree of peeling (y).
№ ra , [r/min] w, [%] z, [^m] ra , [r/min] w, [%] m] KY
X1 X2 X3 X1 X2 X3 y
1 1 1 1 1400 14 50 75
2 1 1 -1 1400 14 30 62
3 1 -1 1 1400 10 50 65
4 1 -1 -1 1400 10 30 63
5 -1 1 1 1000 14 50 65
6 -1 1 -1 1000 14 30 58
7 -1 -1 1 1000 10 50 60
8 -1 -1 -1 1000 10 30 57
9 1.68 0 0 1536 12 40 58
10 -1.68 0 0 864 12 40 61
11 0 1.68 0 1200 15.36 40 57
12 0 -1.68 0 1200 8.64 40 55
13 0 0 1.68 1200 12 56.8 65
14 0 0 -1.68 1200 12 23.2 61
15 0 0 0 1200 12 40 69
16 0 0 0 1200 12 40 68
17 0 0 0 1200 12 40 67
18 0 0 0 1200 12 40 65
19 0 0 0 1200 12 40 78
20 0 0 0 1200 12 40 66
Optimization parameters: y - the degree of peeling, Kx, (Kx ^100%); The degree of peeling: Kx = "". Of this:
ni - number of seeds with a hard shell before processing, pieces; n2 - number of seeds with a hard shell after processing, pieces. Grain materials and equipment used for the experiment:
• Buckwheat sort: Zemlyachkii;
• Grain moisture measurer (WILE55. Finland), (Fig. 5 (a));
• Tachometer (Fig. 5 (b));
• Electron balance. (JJ-200. [0.01gr]. China), (Fig. 5 (c)); Micrometer, caliper (Fig. 5 (d)).
Figure 2. Technological scheme of a disk hiiller: month for making peeling material 2- stationary> parts for pumping, 3- movable parts for tapping-nibbing, 4- engine.
When the grain is made through the hollow mouth of the shaft of the 1-immovable disk, 3-it is husked in the action of compression-squeezing-rubbing while moving accelerated by centrifugal force on the rotating disk.Grain peeling takes place between the stationary 2-disc on a horizontal parallel plane and the 3-rotating disc with an abrasive surface (Fig. 2).
Figure 3. Test disk huiler equipment.
Figure 4. Appearance of peeled buckwheat.
Ê3
(a)
(b)
Figure 5. Equipment used for the experiment.
Results.
The results of the matrix of coded and actual values of experimental planning are shown in Table. 2 is shown.
Based on the results of previous experimental work on the material of compression parts, the material is selected under the condition that the elastic coefficient is k<24 H/mm [1]. This will ensure that the "kernel" does not break.
The moving parts that perform the rubbing-rubbing action are made of abrasive surface material that will generate more dynamic friction force on the grain [2].
When the numerical values of the measurements are checked by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Dn-criterion, it is proved that they obey the normal distribution law as K — Sd = Dn = max\Fn (x) — F(x)| = 0.102 < D100,o5 = 0.13.
When checking the homogeneity of dispersion by Cochran's G criterion, the calculated value GT = 0.157 satisfies the condition that the table value Gx = 0.270 is lower.
Table 3. Results of analysis of curvilinear regression equation between the speed of rotation of the rotor of the peeling device (xi), Moisture of peeling seeds (X2), and Grain size of seeds (X3).
Factor Regression Summary for Dependent Variable: the degree of peeling, y, % (Spreadsheet 1) RA2= .63133 Adjusted RA2= .29952 3 factors,1 bloks, 20 Runs; MS Residual=24.47062
Effect Std.Err. b Std. Err. of b t(4) p-value
Intercept 68.692 2.017 68.692 2.017 34.05 0.0000
(1)x1 (L) 2.925 2.678 1.462 1.339 1.092 0.3000
X1 (Q) -4.829 2.610 -2.414 1.305 -2.850 0.044
(2)x2 (L) 2.691 2.678 1.345 1.339 1.004 0.3338
X2 (Q) -7.309 2.610 -3.654 1.305 -2.800 0.018
(3)x3 (L) 4.649 2.678 2.324 1.3339 2.735 0.013
X3 (Q) -2.349 2.610 -1.174 1.305 -0.900 0.389
1L by 2L 0.750 3.497 0.375 1.748 0.214 0.834
1L by 3L 1.250 3.497 0.625 1.748 0.357 0.728
2L by 3L 3.750 3.497 1.875 1.78 1.072 0.308
The probability value F (shown in Table 3) is less than 0.05 which indicates that the model is significant.
The significance of the coefficients of the regression equation is checked by the Student's test, and the correctness of the equation is checked by the Fisher test. The calculated value of the criterion is FT = 1.91, and the condition FT < Fx (Fx = 2.25) is met, so the mathematical model is created as follows.
y = 68.692 + 2.324x3 - 2.414x1 - 3.654x| (1) The degree of peeling = 68.692 + 2.324(z) - 2.414(w)* - 3.654(w)* (2)
Fitted Surface; Variable: y 3 factors, 1 Blocks, 20 Runs; MS Resldual=24.47062 DV: y
Figure 6. 3-D plots fort the degree ofpeeling as a speed of rotation of the rotor of the peeling device
and moisture of peeling seeds.
Fitted Surface; Variable: y 3 factors, 1 Blocks, 20 Runs; MS Residual=24.47062 DV: y
5
Figure 7. 3-D plots fort the degree ofpeeling as a speed of rotation of the rotor of the peeling device
and the grain size of seeds.
Fitted Surface; Variable; y 3 factors, 1 Blocks, 20 Runs; MS Residual=24.47062 DV: y
>70 <70 <65 <60 <55 <50 <45 <40
Figure 8. 3-D plots fort the degree ofpeeling as a moisture ofpeeling seeds and the grain size of
seeds.
Conclusion.
1. The mathematical model of the degree of peeling of buckwheat is as follows. It includes: The degree of peeling = 68.692 + 2.324(z) - 2.414(w)2 - 3.654(w)2
2. Mathematical models show that the degree of peeling will decrease with increasing disc rotation and moisture content for disk huller, with moisture having the greatest effect.
The maximum value of peeling degree is 71.44 % when the speed of rotation of the rotor of the peeling device -1313.06 r/min, the moisture of peeling seeds -13.27%, and the grain size of seeds -56.47^m.
1. O. Amartuvshin, S. Battogs. The results of experiments determining the deformation limit of triangular rice depending on its moisture content, 2021.
2. O. Amartuvshin, S. Battogs. Results of experiments to determine the dynamic coefficient of internal and external friction of buckwheat, 2022.
3. O.N. Chebotarev, A. Yu. Shazzo. Determination of geometrical parameters of grains, 2005.
4. Gurgenidze Z.J. Determination of parameters and development of construction of a disk installation for grinding sugar beet seeds, 2019.
5. Starostin. I. A. Development of disk grinding device for pre-sowing preparation of sugar beet seeds, 2015.
6. Lukin. A. N. Parameter pneumatic scarifier for pre-sowing seed treatment of perennial legumes. 2013.
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