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ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПУТЕЙ РАЗВИТИЯ КИТАЙСКО-РОССИЙСКОЙ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Лю Жуйфэй, Ю.А. Аникина
Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий имени академика М. Ф. Решетнева Российская Федерация, 660037, г. Красноярск, просп. им. газ. «Красноярский рабочий», 31
E-mail: 1504052329@qq.com
В этой статье будут обобщены некоторые сходства и различия в развитии инновационной экономики в Китае и России, а также объяснены разные пути, выбранные этими двумя странами.
Ключевые слова: инновационная экономика, оптимизация структуры экономики, экономический рост
RESEARCH OF THE CHINESE-RUSSIAN INNOVATIVE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT
WAYS
Liu Ruifei, Y.A. Anikina
Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology 31, Krasnoyarskii rabochii prospekt, Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russian Federation E-mail: 1504052329@qq.com
This article will summarize several similarities and differences in the development of innovative economies in China and Russia, and explain the different path choices between the two countries.
Key words: innovative economy, optimize economic structure, economic growth
Both China and Russia have made explorations on the path of developing an innovative economy, and each has achieved certain achievements. In the choice of the path of innovative economic development, China focuses on the transition from simple processing and production to independent innovation, while Russia focuses on gradually getting rid of its dependence on energy exports and improving its own innovation capabilities and core competitiveness. The different choices of China and Russia on the path of innovative economic development are due to two different actual national conditions. This article will summarize several similarities and differences in the development of innovative economies in China and Russia, and explain the different path choices between the two countries [1].
China's economic development has achieved phased results, laying a good foundation for the country's economic transformation. With the help of the price advantage of labor and resources and other factors, as well as the continuous expansion of domestic and foreign consumer markets, China has developed a manufacturing economy and has a relatively complete industrial system. Moreover, compared with Russia, China has carried out market-oriented reforms earlier, and the market economy is more dynamic. The ever-increasing economic strength provides a strong guarantee for the development of China's innovative economy, and the development of an innovative economy will promote the sustained growth of the Chinese economy, and the two will form a virtuous circle.
In light of development reality, China has chosen a development model that shifts from a
Актуальные проблемы авиации и космонавтики - 2021. Том 3
production-oriented economy to an innovative economy. This model is still in its infancy, and there are still many areas to be improved, but the effect has begun to show. Many production-oriented enterprises that originally only paid attention to the quantity of products and did not pay attention to the quality and technical content of the products, gradually paid attention to improving the technical content of products and the independent innovation ability of enterprises. A large number of innovative companies have emerged one after another, and innovative companies and innovative products have become more and more popular with the capital market and consumers, providing guarantee and motivation for China's transformation to an innovative economy.
For Russia, the "shock therapy" failed in the early stage of economic transformation, the resource economy suffered heavy losses in the economic crisis, the industrial economic foundation was relatively weak, the industrial structure was seriously unreasonable, political and economic system hindered the development of an innovative economy. The level of development of Russia's innovative economy is still low. On the one hand, Russia is one of the countries with the largest total reserves of resources in the world, and its scientific research strength cannot be underestimated. It has a large number of high-quality talents. On the other hand, Russia's economy is heavily dependent on resources, which has caused many problems for its development, including its economic resistance to the world, low market risk capability, irrational industrial structure, unsustainable development, etc [2]. If Russia can overcome its overdependence on the resource economy and take full advantage of its advantages in resources and talent, it is believed that it will be able to achieve remarkable results in the development of an innovative economy. Russia has inherited a large amount of industrial equipment and infrastructure from the Soviet Union, but apart from some specific industries, its industrial production capacity is weak and it can only rely on a resource economy. Relying on exporting energy, Russia has gained a lot of income, supporting the country's fiscal expenditures, introducing technology and equipment, purchasing consumer goods, stabilizing prices, and ensuring residents' welfare.[1] The resource economy model has led to the extraordinary development of the Russian energy industry, which has produced a certain "crowding effect" on other industries, leading to the relatively lagging development of other industries, especially innovative industries that require more initial R&D investment, but a large amount of benefits brought by export resources. It provides material guarantee for Russia's import of technology and equipment, and promotes Russia to use its "late-mover advantage" to develop innovative industries. Therefore, it can be said that the resource economy has provided primitive accumulation for the development of an innovative economy in Russia. The main challenge for Russia's economic development is how to get rid of the constraints of the resource economy. The resource economy provides Russia with the original accumulation and material foundation for the development of an innovative economy, but Russia's economy is overly dependent on energy exports, and resource dependence has also become Russia's development of an innovative economy.
In recent years, Russia has paid more and more attention to scientific research innovation and its commercialization, has continuously increased its investment in innovation, introduced many systems and policies, and established a number of high-tech parks in order to effectively promote the development of innovation capabilities and innovative economy. Based on its actual national conditions, Russia has established a two-pronged and mutually-promoting model of resource economy and innovative economy, and the path to the realization of this model is reflected in Russia's strategic planning.[3]
Only by gradually getting rid of its dependence on the resource economy and developing an endogenous innovative economy can Russia complete its economic transformation and achieve long-term stable economic development. However, in the face of the huge short-term benefits of the resource economy and the indispensable practical needs, whether Russia can decisively take effective measures, firmly implement innovative economic development policies, and rationally and effectively gradually develop an innovative economy has become the Russian economy, the key to
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the success or failure of transformation and upgrading.
Both China and Russia are huge developing countries, and both are in a period of economic transition. Compared with developed countries, there is a lot of room for improvement in the economic strength and innovation system construction of the two countries. Both countries need to rely on innovative economies to promote the sustainable development of their economies. China's transition from a production-oriented economy to an innovative economy and Russia's resource economy and innovative economy's[4] mutual promotion model are both a reasonable development model that combines the country's actual choices and is a prerequisite for ensuring social stability and technological innovation under the effective model to realize the sustainable and healthy development of the country's economy.
Russia has made considerable achievements in developing technological innovation and promoting an innovative economy, but there are also constraints. The main question is how to correctly handle the relationship between the resource economy and the innovative economy, and how to transform the economic development model from resource-dependent to innovation-driven, so that the innovative economy becomes the core driving force of Russia's economic growth. It is impossible to solve this problem overnight. It not only requires the Russian government to increase its investment in research and development, and strive to change the extensive and inefficient development model of the traditional resource-based economy, but also requires the establishment of a complete, systematic, scientific and mutually coordinated innovation system. The development of innovative economy builds a good environment.[5] The development of an innovative economy must not be too slow, otherwise it will hinder the country's economic transformation and sustained growth, nor must it be too radical, so as not to cause a serious impact on the current economic situation and affect the normal economic activities of the people. For Russia, the resource economy and the innovative economy complement and promote each other, and the two are not obstacles to their respective development. Russia's strong scientific and technological foundation and huge talent team enable it to gradually promote the innovative economy as the core driving force for the development of the family economy after a reasonable coordination of the resource-based economy and the innovative economy.
References
1. Chen Jingming. On the Dynamic Mechanism of Technological Innovation of Chinese Enterprises under the Condition of Market Economy ./J.Chen. - World Science and Technology Research and Development, 2019. - P.18-20. - direct text.
2. Cheng Gong. An Empirical Analysis of Technological Innovation and Economic Growth./J.Cheng. - Shanghai Economic Research, 1998. - P.7-12. - direct text.
3. Qi Wenhai. From a resource-based economy to an innovative economy: the inevitable choice of Russia' s future economic development model./J. Qi. - Russian Studies, 2008. - P.15. -direct text.
4. Tang Zhuchang. The paradox between economic transformation and social justice: an inspiration from Russia./J. Tang. - Northeast Asia Forum, 2009. - P.104-113. - direct text.
5. Xu Youlong. Ma Kai talks about scientific development./J. Xu. - Observation and Thinking, 2004. - P.15-18. - direct text.
© Liu Ruifei, Anikina Y. A., 2021
