CC BY
23
Международные отношения и внешняя политика
ШРя^Ж-ШЫШ
International Relations and Foreign Policy
Научная статья УДК 327(510+470) EDN RJHWGJ
DOI 10.17150/2587-7445.2023.7(1).49-68
Влияние эволюции глобальной производственно-сбытовой цепи на китайско-российское стратегическое сотрудничество и контрмеры Китая
Ли Син
Пекинский педагогический университет,
г. Пекин, Китайская Народная Республика
Яо Вэй
Пекинский педагогический университет,
г. Пекин, Китайская Народная Республика
Дата поступления:
23.11.2022
Дата принятия к печати:
10.03.2023
Дата онлайн-размещения: 20.04.2023
Аннотация. Общая международная структура власти отражает основные и периферийные характеристики, характеризующиеся подъемом Востока и упадком Запада. Высокая концентрация структурной власти в глобальной производственно-сбытовой цепи указывает на то, что лишь немногие страны в системе имеют решающее влияние на структуру и возможность поддерживать эту однополярность с помощью технической и экономической блокады. Это подрывает тенденцию многополярного развития в мире. Многоуровневые характеристики производственно-сбытовой цепи в нынешней глобальной структуре и однополярные характеристики структуры власти формируют очевидные конфликты, нарушают процесс развития других крупных стран через геополитические проблемы, о чем свидетельствуют «российско-украинский конфликт» и «ситуация в Тайваньском проливе». Оба являются проявлениями геополитического стратегического давления»: расширение НАТО» и «восстановление баланса в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе». За этим стоят главные державы — Европа и США. Еще одним поводом для беспокойства является дальнейшая маргинализация периферийных стран, о чем свидетельствует продолжающийся хаос на Ближнем Востоке и в Северной Африке. Столкнувшись с санкциями и стратегическим сдерживанием, инициированным США против Китая и России, в постпандемическую эпоху, Китаю и России следует провести углубленное изучение особенностей актуальных проблем и путей их решения.
Перед лицом геополитических трудностей то, как Китай и Россия (Китай-США, Россия-Европа) могут поддерживать и использовать преимущества производственно-сбытовых цепей для формирования и расширения своей структурной мощи и преодоления геополитических дилемм, имеет большое значение для Китая и России.
Ключевые слова. Китайско-российское сотрудничество, структурная сила производственно-сбытовой цепи.
© Ли Син, Яо Вэй, 2023
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Original article
Influence of Global Value Chain Evolution
on China-Russian Strategic Cooperation and China's Countermeasures
Li Xing
Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Yao Wei
Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Received:2022 November 23 Accepted: 2023 March 10 Available online: 2023 April 20
Abstract. The overall international power structure reflects core-peripheral characteristics, characterized by the East rising and the West declining. The high concentration of structural power in the global value chain indicates that few countries in the system have a decisive influence on the structure. And maintain this unipolarity through technical blockade and economic blockade. This undermines the trend of multipolar development in the world. The multilevel characteristics of the global value chain in the current global structure and the unipolar characteristics of the power structure form obvious conflicts, disrupt the development process of other major countries through geopolitical issues.as manifested by the "Russia-Ukraine conflict" and the "Taiwan Strait situation". Both are manifestations of the geopolitical strategic squeeze. "NATO expansion" and "Asia Pacific rebalancing". The major powers behind it is Europe and the United States. Another cause for concern is the further marginalization of peripheral countries, as exemplified by the continuing chaos in the Middle East and North Africa. Faced with the sanctions and strategic containment initiated by the United States against China and Russia in the postpandemic era, China and Russia should conduct an in-depth study of the characteristics of relevant challenges and ways to resolve them. In the face of geopolitical difficulties, how China and Russia (China-United States, Russia-Europe) can maintain and utilize value chain advantages to shape and expand their structural power and break through geopolitical dilemmas is of great importance to China and Russia.
Keywords. China-Russian cooperation, value chain structural power.
The key role of added value: value chains and structural power between Russia and China
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the value chain has replaced the commodity chain, integrating trade and production with the creation, distribution, and flow of added value on a global scale. The distribution of power and interests in the global order is dominated by the capitalist system, which reflects the main characteristics of the core-periphery relationship [1]. After a hundred years of great changes and COVID-19, the trend of "regional protectionism" has picked up. This shows that a chain economy is a means for capital to extract high profits from other countries. Countries located in the core are competing for hegemony, while small countries located on the periphery are likely to be continuously marginalized. At the beginning of the reform and opening up policy, China's economy was driven mainly by labor-intensive enterprises and resource intensive enterprises. At present, China is committed to actively carrying out the supply side reform, domestic and international double circulation, and at the same time developing domestic demand, making technological breakthroughs to achieve better development. The world order is in chaos and dislocation. Unlike the Trump administration, which blocked high-tech and promoted the return of low-end value chains, the Biden administration of the United States is committed to the return of high-tech value chains, and the low-end value chains are distributed to allies. This is due to the difference between the two parties and the target voters. It reflects the differences in the process of creation, flow, and distribution of the American value chain within American political circles. To maintain America's current international power, sacrifices must be made.Biden's promises to ASEAN at the U.S.-ASEAN Summit from May 12-13, 2022 was to distribute the low-end value chain to current U.S. ASEAN allies to maintain U.S. global power. The United Kingdom and the United States, together with the European Union and NATO, contain Russia, while Island chain blockade constituted by South Korea, Japan and some ASEAN countries (Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore), creating geopolitical difficulties and thwarting the development of China.The European countries, led by the United States, are building their closed-loop value chain to counter China and Russia.Under the pattern of economic globalization, the essence of the value chain is beneficial
to China and Russia.Representatives of the scientific community of the Russian Federation are also actively involved in studying various aspects of the global value chain. The range of issues under consideration is quite broad. These are the most promising areas for Russia to participate in the rationalization of international division of labor [2]. Look for reliable and stable trading partners in international commodity circulation [3]. Establish regional value chain within the framework of The Belt and Road Initiative [4]. The joint statement on the combination of the Eurasian Economic Union and The Belt and Road Initiative signed by Russia and China on May 8, 2015 eliminated the so-called competition problem between the two forms of cooperation. EAEU and The Belt and Road Initiative are complementary projects. Russia can benefit from participating in the implementation of The Belt and Road Initiative1. First, it will create opportunities for integrating the Russian transport system into the transport and networks of the Eurasian region, thus providing additional preconditions for transit and the provision of related logistics services, as well as access to the growing markets of countries in the region. Secondly, The Belt and Road Initiative will help strengthen industrial cooperation between neighboring countries and create opportunities for the formation of several new economic production clusters [4]. Third, the Eurasian Economic Union and The Belt and Road Initiative can become the core of more ambitious cooperation projects in the Eurasian continent, which can become a new center of global economic development. In 2015, The Belt and Road Initiative, which involves the overall transformation of the entire Eurasian logistics network, including the arrangement of maritime routes in the Indian Ocean,the implementation of logistics projects in Southeast Asia, Mongolia, and Russia's coastal border areas, and jointly develop the Arctic route. China-Russian relations are their best in history. At present, the power and relational power rooted in the two countries are favorable objective conditions. How to further develop the power of strength and the relationship into structural power depends on the further integration and promotion of China and Russia's cooperation.
The value chain plays an important role in strengthening economic cooperation. It is a vertically integrated structure in which the stages of
1 Идея сопряжения проектов ЕАЭС и Экономического пояса Шелкового пути // Министерство экономического развития Российской Федерации. 2015. 27 авг. URL: http:// economy. gov.ru/minec/press/interview/2015082704.
the production process are carried out in different countries to reduce marginal costs. Maintaining a supply chain requires countries to establish efficient and cheap logistics infrastructure for transporting intermediate products. Using natural resources and technological breakthrough endowments to find possibilities for expanding structural power is of great importance for the strategic partnership between Russia and China. The British- and U.S.-led Western mainstream's suppressive and containment posture toward China and Russia has become systematic, and the system has inertia, so that a single-minded search for constructive diplomatic breakthroughs are unable to dissipate the effects of the systemic inertia. The competition between China and the United States is one of strategic competition, not market competition [5]. The West's anti-Russian policy to curb China is immovable, and China and Russia have to respond to the system with strategic thinking.It is not a new Cold War, but China and Russia must form a new systemic response to the West's systematic control and suppression. China-U.S. relations will not be a "new Cold War" but a new international pattern of competition between major powers, where competition and cooperation coexist. This systematization uses power and relational power to find a breakthrough in structural power. This is a game of system against system, structural power against structural power. Systemic confrontation and systemic resistance create great resistance to the development of relations between the U.S. and Europe and their allies with China.The results of a phased foreign policy and trade policy are easily offset by systemic inertia, so that even if countries under the influence of the West and its power obtain some favorable policies from China or Russia, they soon return to anti-Russian and anti-China policies. Systemic power and systemic resistance play a very important role. The current developments in U.S.-China and U.S.-Russia relations are clearly beyond the scope of a phased foreign policy, and it is necessary to think about systemic and structural power relations and policies. The current China-Russian non alignment policy means that it does not wish to target third parties, but in the face of the huge potential inherent in the China-Russian partnership, China and Russia should be more proactive in seeking endogenous mechanisms to promote a higher level of strategic collaboration between the two sides. Taking advantage of Russia's natural resource endowment and China's current value chain, the possibility of structural power is sought in the midst of the
West's geopolitical and technological blockade. It is necessary to shape the structural power system through endogenous and long-term mechanisms to counter the systematic strategy of anti-Russian containment in the U.S. and Europe [6].
"Added value" is the main factor that defines structural power. The China-Russian strategic partnership of coordination will continue to deepen, but the focus is on which direction and how to deepen it. Faced with the systematic containment of the West, China and Russia should seek a breakthrough of structural power through a long-term endogenous mechanism based on their resource endowment. The added value refers to the value created by human resources, intellectual input, and scientific and technological means that exceeds the value of raw materials. The greater the value, the higher the country's position in the global value chain and the gain in transnational cooperation and exchange. Undoubtedly, the United States occupies an important position in the global value chain network because of its scientific and technological leadership. In fast-growing Asian countries, there are a variety of strategic channels for accession that can support the same export-led development model, but they vary widely. These countries have developed strategies to cooperate with North America and Europe and have played different roles in their development. In Europe and the United States, different production and marketing cooperation schemes determine the diversity of industrial and institutional market organizations. However, under such circumstances, China and Russia are by no means doing nothing. Its representative case is China-Australia relations: Economic relations can not be completely equivalent to political relations, and countries with closely linked economic interests do not mean an absolute correlation of political interests. Observing the international pattern from the perspective of structural power in the value-added network of global value chains is of great significance for understanding the current international pattern [7].
After the 2008 world financial crises , countries started to widely use protectionism.The COVID-19 epidemic accelerated the impact of trade protectionism on the free trade system.Under the influence of COVID-19, the international situation of the East rising has accelerated. Under the current conditions of the transformation of trade policy due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the disruption of global supply chains, changes in countries' positions in world markets, changing structures of trade, the deepening of the international division
of labor, and the increase in international competition have forced countries to use protectionism to stabilize national economies. Attempting to obtain better conditions through selling goods and gaining competitive advantages, countries tend to enter trade disputes using various protectionist measures. This problem is of interest because world trade cannot be imagined without accompanying disputes or conflicts among its members, but particularly in the time of globalization and the growth of international relations, competition acquires a special nature [8]. Because the goal of CPTPP (Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership) is very similar to that of RCEP, the expansion of this partnership in ASEAN countries may seriously complicate RCEP actions and enhance the influence of political factors on economic cooperation. In this case, the production and supply chain value of high-tech products will decline, which may affect the economic cooperation of the whole region. It is found that global value chain linkages measured by added value grow faster than those realized through trade. External factors began to have a negative impact on the implementation of RCEP. The signing of the CPTPP agreement and the announcement by some ASEAN member countries that they might join the partnership not only has resulted in differences in the negotiation process of the RCEP but has also had a destructive impact on ASEAN itself. Asian countries have various channels of accession strategies that can support the same export-oriented development model, but they vary widely. These countries have developed strategies for cooperation
with North America and Europe and have played different roles in development. In Europe and the United States, different production and marketing cooperation programs determine the diversity of industrial and institutional market organization.
The United States has become unable to maintain its unipolar position, and political repression, using trade decoupling, and technical blockade as the main means. The United States launched a trade war and a science and technology war against China, and EU's trade sanctions and geopolitical squeeze on Russia. All these measures try to weaken the role of China and Russia in the global value chain, thus weakening the political and economic status of China and Russia. After the outbreak of the Ukrainian crisis, the western embargo made Russia once again feel that a complete supply chain system that is independent and independent of any country is more important to Russia than anything else, and has become an important foundation and fundamental guarantee for industrial development and even national security. In the new trend of great power interactions, the United States and Europe remain unchanged, while China-Russian relations are in a state of change and development. How to find the invariable factors in strategic cooperation, cope with all changes with invariability, and seek breakthroughs in structural power is an important direction to change the current situation. As mainland countries, China and Russia are both facing the squeeze from the ocean. Therefore, strategic cooperation between China and Russia is always defined as a passive alliance under the pressure
CPTPP, RCEP—Shares in World GDP and Population [9]
Announcement Date
Membership
In % of the World
GDP Population
CPTPP 8 March 2018
Japan. Canada. Australia, Chile, New Zealand. Singapore. Brunei Darussalam. Malaysia. Viet Nam. Mexico. Peru
14.8
6.6
RCEP 15 November 2020
Australia. Brunei Darussalam. Cambodia. PRC. Indonesia. Japan. Republic of Korea. Lao PDR. Malaysia. Myanmar. New Zealand. Philippines. Singapore. Thailand. Viet Nam
28.2
29.5
CPTPP = Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, GDP = gross domestic product, Lao PDR = Lao People's Democratic Republic; PRC = People's Republic of China, RCEP = Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.
of European and American countries. How to turn passivity into an initiative is something that both China and Russia have to think about. China and Russia need to deepen the local market demand, turn passivity into initiative, and understand why initiatives are implemented. Under the international pattern of the East rising and the West declining, China and Russia should actively deepen cooperation, seek solidarity and certainty in systemic cooperation, explore the advantages of the value chain of China-Russia cooperation through deepening cooperation, and seek breakthroughs in structural power. China is also often in a "reactive" position in U.S.-China relations. The current international situation is at a critical moment of unprecedented changes since the past century, and China should build a more proactive framework for strategic cooperation. It is necessary to turn passivity into proactivity, both in China-Russia and in China-U.S. relations. Proactively building a more stable structure of power interaction with Russia and finding advantages in cooperation in the global value chain will seek a breakthrough in structural power. China should also take the initiative to respond systematically to the systemic containment by Europe and the United States and get out of the position of "being reactive".
With the development of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, on February 23, 2022, the first round of sanctions, the European Council banned the provision of funds to the Russian Central Bank. On February 25, 2022, the second round of sanctions, announced by the European Union, prohibited the upgrading of oil refining technology or services to Russia. On February 28 and March 2, 2022, the third round of sanctions, the European Council excluded seven Russian banks from the SWIFT system, from physical technology, financial currency, and energy technology. The western sanctions against Russia have been continuously refined, and the industrial sanctions and financial and technological sanctions have been linked together. The cost of Russia being sanctioned has been constantly increased, and the geopolitical game is escalating. The main task of Russia's economic security is to promote economic restructuring, activate domestic market potential and ensure Russia's economic independence [10]. It can be seen from the sanctions that Russia's industrial structure is too dependent on energy, which led to the western economic sanctions focusing on energy industry. The specific measures are to ensure the system and structure adjustment of the national economy based on the development of modern technology, and to ensure
the growth of fixed asset investment and the development of industry. Establish high-tech production and new economic sectors to enhance social productivity through the widespread use of high-tech. Accelerate technology localization and overcome dependence on import of key technologies and equipment parts. Strengthen the competitive advantage of the Russian Federation in the high-tech field, and promote the adjustment of the Russian economic development structure. The second and fourth round of EU sanctions include prohibitions on technology transfer and service upgrading related to Russian energy and high-tech industries, so as to restrict Russian energy exports, impact the balance of international payments of Russia and curb the development of Russian local industries. Secondly, Russia proposes to vigorously promote domestic economic development. According to some experts, from 2014 to 2017, Western sanctions caused about 170 billion US dollars in losses to the Russian economy, which is still expanding today [11]. The negative impact of the sanctions imposed on Russia and its retaliatory measures also affected the initiators of the international isolation of the Russian Federation. Marion Anne Perrin Le Pen, leader of the National Union Party of France, said sharply: "Think about the anti Russian sanctions. We wanted to punish the Russians, which resulted in disastrous consequences in many areas of the EU economy2. Russia's economic security should get rid of foreign dependence as soon as possible, and developing its own market potential can effectively eliminate the adverse impact of external economic security threats. 2021 Russian Federation Security Strategy points out that it is necessary to strengthen the unity of the economic space of the Russian Federation, strengthen cooperation and economic ties among the entities of the Russian Federation, and aim to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, increase domestic demand and expand employment3. The specific measures are to narrow the gap in social and economic development among the economic entities of the Russian Federation, stimulate regional economic development, strengthen the security of local economic budgets, avoid excessive concentration of resources to large cities, and ensure social and economic development of small and medium-sized
2 URL: https://www.gazeta.ru/ business/ news/2019/0 3/0 8/n_12722683.shtml?utm_ source=yxnews&utm_medium = desktop.
3 Стратегия национальной безопасности Российской Федерации // Президент России. URL: http://www. kremlin. ru/acts/bank/47046/page/5.
cities and rural areas. Improve the labor and employment market, expand the domestic market of Russian products, increase domestic demand, and transfer export products to domestic market, so as to smash foreign attempts to sanction the Russian economy by controlling Russian exports. Strengthening domestic economic resilience and reducing dependence on the world, especially the West, are vital to Russia's security. Finally, Russian government should enhance Russia's economic innovation ability and promote its economic independence. The interaction between innovation and economic system and mechanism is having an important impact on the economic structure. Innovation plays an important role in both the social production structure and the macro-economy. With the improvement of the investment environment in the Russian Federation, the share of innovation in total investment amounts to only 10 %. This makes Russia's economic competitiveness still low. 2021 Russian Federation Security Strategy points out that Russia should actively overcome its dependence on foreign technologies, equipment and spare parts. In response to the challenges of economic modernization, we should give priority to domestic products, strengthen the construction of the financial system of the Russian Federation, develop the infrastructure of the national financial market, including the infrastructure of financial payments, overcome dependence on third countries, and combat illegal financial transactions to ensure economic independence and financial security.
Under such circumstances, deepening cooperation between China and Russia becomes crucial. The research results show that Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Israel, Slovenia and India are the main energy cooperation countries between China and countries along The Belt and Road Initiative. Among the nine major energy cooperation countries, Russia has the highest comprehensive evaluation level and is the preferred target for overseas energy investment by Chinese transnational energy investment enterprises and other investment entities [12]. China's energy cooperation along the The Belt and Road Initiative based on the value chain needs to be carried out in two directions: first, cooperation with countries with advanced energy technologies upstream of the value chain; The second is to cooperate with downstream countries of the value chain, mainly to export exploration, mining and processing capacity. China and Russia also have a good economic and trade foundation, and the development of cross-border e-commerce
is strong, which plays an important role in promoting the development of bilateral trade between China and Russia. Existing studies believe that there are favorable conditions for the development of cross-border e-commerce between China and Russia, and certain achievements have been made. The cross-border e-commerce service supply chain has far-reaching significance for the development of China-Russia cross-border e-commerce [13]. In order to promote the development of China and Russia cross-border e-commerce, the two countries should also strengthen international e-commerce cooperation, establish cooperation mechanisms in e-commerce standards, customs clearance, logistics, payment, etc.promote the integration and innovation of China-Russia cross-border e-commerce, optimize the e-commerce business environment of the two countries, strengthen the training of cross-border e-commerce professionals, etc. so as to improve the China Russian trade structure, Improve the quality of bilateral trade between China and Russia. Improve the vitality of the market economy. While deepening strategic cooperation between China and Russia, we should use the advantages of strategic cooperation, focus on Asia and Europe, seek the advantages of the value chain to find the breakthrough of structural power, deepen the cooperation between The Belt and Road Initiative and the Eurasian Economic Union and promote cooperation and development of The Belt and Road Initiative. At present, Russia and China have achieved much in terms of policy communication, facilities connectivity, trade smoothness, financial integration, and people contact. It is necessary to ensure the long-term effectiveness and sustain-ability of the "Five Links" cooperation mechanism and to develop a community of interests, of security, of responsibility and of shared destiny within the framework of the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination. In the framework of China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination, a community of development, of interests, of security, of responsibility and of shared destiny will be developed. In the process of maturation of the system, internal needs and external environmental pressures have led to many achievements in the context of The Belt and Road Initiative, but internal factors are becoming increasingly important. The next strategic cooperation between Russia and China should turn from passive to active, from subjective to objective, and seek a breakthrough in structural power by taking advantage of the common value
chain of Russia and China. While consolidating and developing energy investment cooperation, Russia and China should further promote energy cooperation in industrial chain, supply chain and value chain, and seek energy cooperation in production capacity, technology, infrastructure, green energy, and other fields. The interests of both parties should be fully considered, the interests of the government, the people and non-governmental organizations should be taken into account, the differences and difficulties of the demands should be faced squarely, and the resonance area of the interests of all parties should be sought. China and Russia should deepen energy cooperation in high-tech fields such as finance and technological innovation, continue to work for the establishment of a financial platform for energy cooperation, promote cooperation among partner countries in high-tech fields, improve infrastructure construction such as transportation, logistics, information and communication, provide financing guarantee for energy cooperation, and promote energy trade and investment liberalization.
Value chain association: the path dependence of knowledge learning and technological progress under the core-peripheral structure
The concept of the "periphery" provides us with a unique perspective to observe and understand the social problems in industrial society, reveals the deep structure under the appearance of domestic inequality, and provides insights for our future-oriented thinking on social construction [14]. In the context of imbalanced regional development, people tend to observe the concepts of "developed" and "underdeveloped". Development and underdevelopment are only appearances of regional economics, and the core-peripheral perspective reveals the essence behind this appearance, that is, the inequality in countries is essentially structural [15]. Although the core-peripheral structure represents a kind of thinking structure, it shows us the real world [16]. At present, the complexity of international relations is no longer formed by binary relations. Any group of binary relations has many external choices. The links and structural positions of countries in the global value chain network determine the structural power of each country. Under the international pattern that strength is power, the distribution of international power presents a "core-peripheral" situation [17] . Under the condition that the global value
chain is driven by capital and efficiency, the macrosystem structure is extremely unequal, which reflects the inequality of the global power, economy, and technology system. This is in line with the prediction of the economic control and exploitation of marginal countries by central countries in the core-periphery theory. If this single linear thinking is not broken, not only is the inequality widening but also the gap between the "core" and the "periphery" is growing, and people have been conditioned into the core-peripheral structure. The core-peripheral structure is not only the result of social governance but also the basis of social governance. This kind of structure is solidified by people's way of thinking. The essence of this kind of thinking is linear, one-way, and controlled thinking that seeks certainty and predictability. This kind of thinking will inevitably lead to many social problems. Some research results show an obvious core-peripheral structure of international knowledge diffusion. Most of the flows occur within the core group. Knowledge flows between core and peripheral numbers also widely exist but are not strong, while the flows between peripheral members are both sparse and weak [18]. For international knowledge flows at the national level, economic models often describe a worldwide technology frontier, which was created by the main innovation countries and then travels quickly to all countries [19]. Countries and regions may play quite different roles in the world knowledge flow network. The most innovative countries and regions (consisting mainly of developed ones) create most of the novelty and influential knowledge, and there are frequent knowledge interactions among them for their similar knowledge levels, which form the core of the international knowledge flow network.During the period 2000-2005, the network of global collaborations appears to have reinforced the formation of a core group of the fourteen most cooperative countries.By 2005 this core group no longer includes all EU-nations, but the remaining non-EU nations are only the USA, Russia, and Switzerland. This "Scienceland" does not coincide with "Euroland:" Denmark, Finland, and Portugal are no longer included, and Ireland has never been included [20]. This core group can be expected to use knowledge from the global network with great efficiency, since these countries have strong national systems. Countries on the periphery may be disadvantaged by the increased strength of the core [21]. Among them, the path dependence on knowledge learning and technological progress is an important embod-
iment. In the core-peripheral structure, the path dependence of acquiring knowledge and technology affects the autonomy and innovation of the peripheral countries' development [22]. It is argued that technology policy toward a particular industry must take the role of inventors' mobility in facilitating the flow of ideas across space and innovating organizations into account [23]. To promote knowledge learning through technology exchange, under the framework of the core-peripheral power structure, knowledge and technology tend to concentrate in low-end industrial chains and low-value-added products, and it is difficult to break through the technical chokepoint after falling into a cycle. BRICS and South-South knowledge linkages play an increased role in developing and emerging economy innovation systems as they gain momentum [18]. The path of learning knowledge and technology from advanced countries and promoting technology development through knowledge learning, there is a dislocation and fault between the path of technology development and cultural development inertia due to social and cultural differences, making the path of technology occurrence in the country without rooted soil. The focus is on the difficulties of system transplantation and model transplantation localization; technological progress is not an endogenous creation but from external learning and imitation, and this development path is difficult to achieve durability and sustainability. This kind of conflict has long occurred in the social field, which creates significant resistance to innovation and technological progress in society and makes it difficult to activate social creativity in the soil of our own culture. How to activate innovation and science and technology ideas in the national culture through learning the excellent culture of the nation and promote the localization of the alternative path of science and technology development is an important task for current times.
Core-periphery theory extensively discusses that when we solve social problems, we need to break through this linear thinking and try our best to build a society with "core everywhere and peripheral nowhere". The dialogue between politics and culture is of great significance in the political culture of the Chinese nation. China should be more active in developing the diplomacy of relations between major powers, advocating and practicing "The Belt and Road Initiative" and the advanced concept of the "Community of Shared Future for Mankind", which is the wisdom of China and China's approach. By taking advantage of
changes in the international pattern, holding the advantage of the value chain and seeking structural power breakthroughs will promote, at the practical level, "The Belt and Road Initiative" and related projects and promote The Belt and Road Initiative's integration of Asia and Europe. While China and Russia influence the system, they should also shape it. The pattern is objective, the order is subjective, the balance of power has changed, and the international order will change sooner or later. China and Russia should use their advantages to shape the right of self-definition of the value chain and find a truly universal science and technology culture. To promote the development of the international pattern in a fairer and more justified direction, the international and national power distribution pattern develops from the vertical level to the next plane. There is never a shortage of the argument that strength is power in global dynamics. At present, the competition among large countries in the international community is fierce, and small countries are attached to large countries, so they are versatile. The modern Western trend of thought regards the market as the only "truth-telling" field, which reflects the high efficiency of material resource allocation. However, the frequent outbreaks of the global economy reflects the inherent defects of the capitalist system. Capitalism, as the truth pursued by the West, is facing endless crises. China should use its wisdom to explore the establishment of a more effective system. From the perspective of moral realism, China should create its own value chain association system as a large country and realize all-around development together with the people of the world so that it can break through the zero-sum game and realistic context with China's traditional political and cultural tradition, pass on China's wisdom, provide China's plan, and avoid falling into the Thucydides trap. Take proactive and pragmatic actions and actively cooperate with emerging market countries to promote a fairer, more reasonable, and balanced global order.
Enhancing added value in the China-Russian strategic cooperative relationship: The path of humanities and technology cooperation
The search for the universal civilization logic of mankind is contained in the internal logic of the development of various civilizations. The current West-centered theory is the manifestation of the "universalization" of regional civilization [24]. As
two important countries in Eurasia, China and Russia have great influence on the economy, culture, and politics of Eurasia. In Chinese and Russian civilizations, there are also many relevant discussions about universal civilization. There is a special kind of family confession between Russians and nomads based on personal loyalty, hero ism, spiritual hierarchy, and belief in the highest beginning of the world. Trubetskoy proved that the aggression of Eurocentrism and the destructive effect of the Europeanization of Russia, the cultural imitation doomed to extinction of Russian civilization and creative infertility, and the establishment of a polycentric world system must recognize the importance of cultural coexistence and the historical world [25]. Trubetskoy argued that culture was superior to politics and that national socialism was a form of biological materialism, which he considered incompatible with the Orthodox world-view [26]. According to Trubetskoy, Russian Eurasian culture is characterized by universalism and identity, a unique continuum of diversity, behind which lies a thousand-year tradition of multicultural exchange and connection. In Europe and humanity, Trubetskoy denies the universality of the Western European model and condemns European colonialism and its imperialist socioeconomic paradigm. The realization of orientalism in Russia is the inevitable result of abandoning the Western liberal democratic model. Gumilyov also sees the West as destructive to Russia, seeing it as a predator in its dealings with Russia. Trubetskoy finds the most convincing argument for the greatness and originality of Russian culture when he defines Russia as an inherited nation in Eurasia [27]. According to the will of destiny, the continuity of these traditions is inherited and maintained even when the kingdoms and tribes that gave rise to them die, lose their meaning and lose their traditions. Russia inherited the tradition of the Byzantine culture and, therefore, kept it, even after the death of Byzantine. Russia inherited the tradition of the founding of Mongolia, even after the Mongols become negligible. Trubetskoy also emphasizes the relevance of the Mongol Empire created by Genghis Khan and his successors, who provided Russia with a hidden identity, a common Eurasian geographical identity, and a common dominion over Eurasian lands. Through the imperial ideology it inherited from the Mongols, Russia gained the rationale for its empire and its geopolitical mission on the international stage [28]. "European culture is not human culture. It is a product of the history of a particular race. This culture is suitable for
the Germanic and Celtic tribes, who have been influenced by Roman culture. In the face of the influence of Roman and Greek culture, they will imprint the supranational, world civilization idea into the memory of world civilization, but the carrier is itself a very limited national geographic group of people, the people of the Mediterranean basin. According to Trubetskoy, these historical premises gave rise to the theoretical basis of so-called European "cosmopolitanism", the forerunner of today's Eurocentrism [29]. Trubetskoy points out that the reference group for Russian culture is not Slavism at all but mankind as a whole. This implies that Russian culture itself should be a model of humanity, given the multicomponent cultural matrix of the ethnographic regions traditionally defined as "East," "West," "North," and "South," a unity that both Trubetskoy and Gumilyov understand as the unity of diversity. It is a balance between the principles of nationality and the principles of community, ethnonational individuality and multiethnic compatibility [30]. At present, Russia's transcendental cultural consciousness and the process of national construction are still in progress. It is of great importance to Russia how the core values of Orthodoxy—Messiah, the spirit of Turan-Mongol political culture, and the communist values of Soviet times combine with current Russian political practices.
Nature has its own logic, which does not follow the human will. Nature is itself; it exists, moves, changes, and evolves according to its own intrinsic ways. Humans and human society, as a product of a specific stage of natural development, can only be a concrete manifestation of the logic of nature [31]. From Chinese philosophy to ancient Chinese political practice, China accomplished the combination of philosophical ideas, political values, political practice tools, and personal motivations through the study of nature and people, the cultivation of oneself, the application of state governance, and the pursuit of the common good. From every level, it realizes the unity of ideal political values and political practice, the harmony of society, and individual development. It establishes a unified weld system, able to sustain a large empire to achieve the smallest unit of society, the person, corresponding to good quality, the small units of the family ethics, suitable for a good system of most members of the society, informing the path of the social status of germination. In the process of the Sinicization of Marxism, China has been combining profound transcendental cultural consciousness with Marxism, opening up a new realm of political and cultural development. The political
civilization of seeking the world for the common good and the Marxist ideal of communism constitute the important standard of Chinese politics. Chinese culture should have its form, which is the national form. China should take the initiative and follow objective laws to provide its solutions to world order. In response to the evolving pattern of international relations, both China and Russia have absolute value chain endowments. They will further upgrade their strategic coordination, maintain their position in the value chain, carry out exchanges of advanced and sophisticated technologies, enhance the delivery of added value, and seek to upgrade their structural power to bring their strategic coordination to a higher level. Strategic concerns in major-country cooperation have led to rising opportunity costs. Strategic concerns about cooperation between major powers have led to a continuous rise in opportunity costs. It is crucial to improve the situation of strategic cooperation, where politics is hot and the economy is cold, and to think about the endogenous dynamics of China-Russian cooperation. Both China and Russia need to be more proactive in strategic coordination, and relevant cooperation should be transformed from "visionary" cooperation to "action-oriented" cooperation [32]. Strategic doubts tend to increase the friction of bilateral system cooperation. Culture and wisdom should be used as lubricants to understand each other and gradually form the resultant force of system cooperation.
Since its origins, Western civilization has always been marked by dualism both as a philosophical theory and on a symbolic level. Consistent with its Indo-European roots, the collective imaginary of the West has been influenced by dualism, even though, concerning the contemporary era, it is very difficult to trace some cultural phenomena that have not been conditioned by it [33]. In European and American countries, the protection of rights and private property gave rise to the civilization of freedom and democracy and ushered in the great development of science and technology and the outbreak of material civilization. However, there is always the problem that the duality of subject and object cannot be unified in its civilization. This has led to the continuing separation and fragmentation of Western civilization. Global living standards have increased considerably as a result of the progress brought about by human civilization. However, ecological crises, global nuclear armament and an increasing sense of psychological discontent are among a list of things that question the nature of moderni-
ty. Often these large-scale collective issues seem too overwhelming for the individual to ponder in any great depth and, thus, the question, 'how are we, as individuals, supposed to address the problems facing broader humanity?' remains. This paper suggests that it is the underlying conceptual dualism that prevents an answer to this question, and by mapping the interaction between psyche and civilization, the actions necessary to correct the trajectory of Western civilization may become apparent [34]. The fragmentation of man from nature, man from technology, mind from things, and subjectivity from objectivity ultimately leads to the fragmentation of man from man and the fragmentation of nation from nation. Behind this fragmentation is actually a different logic of civilizational development. From the worldview of religion, in terms of religious civilization, the countries represented by Europe and America have actually completed the replacement of religious morality with secular power. The call of religious good values to the morality of European and American society did not begin to loosen only after the Reformation; the dualistic split of religious logic and the endogenous logical replacement from religious good values to secular power struggle actually began. The shift of moral values to secular utilitarianism and the inertia of the binary split in thinking could not regulate the relationship between human beings, things and things, and human beings and things, which led everything to conflict and paradox. This logic of the development of civilization has long plagued the spiritual and material society of human beings, and the internal logic of the binary split in the development of Western civilization and the external appearance of international society constitute the internal impetus for the change of the international system. From the aspect of rational freedom, from Plato to contemporary philosophy, it has always been difficult for the West to construct theories and discuss problems under the framework of monism. Although philosophers have tried to solve the problem of dualistic fragmentation and proposed various related concepts, such as absolute origin, metaphysical subject, mental material, volitional material, sensory material, sensible element, God, absolute spirit, rational type, reason, entity, subject, a priori consciousness, and a priori structure, all these noun concepts represent the efforts of Western philosophers to solve the situation of dualistic fragmentation. All of these philosophers' descriptions of the concepts are still limited to the stage of argumentation. They have never clearly indi-
cated what mind and matter are unified in. How are they unified? What is the law? After the unsuccessful search for a priori concepts, the West focused its attention on the efforts of language and logic to be homogeneous, where the world is the sum of facts and language is the synthesis of propositions, where propositions conform to the world, where basic propositions correspond to basic facts, and where the pursuit of form and name corresponds to the existence of a strict correspondence between language and the world; that is, where human knowledge corresponds strictly to objective laws, and eventually formed the main path of contemporary scientific development [31]. Modern scientific and technological civilization is not consistent with the concept of human society, and it is difficult to find harmony with the natural environment. This is because modern science and technology developed in the cultural logic of duality separation and disunity of mind and things. Nature and humans are not in harmony. The achievements of modern science and contemporary science and technology cannot be denied, but the duality in the development logic of Western civilization cannot be ignored. The dualistic logic of the development history of Western civilization determines the role it can play. What does it mean that the logic of civilization is not coherent? The relationship between man and nature is strained; people do not care about each other and do not conform to nature. Moral standards have fallen, international relations have become strained, zero-sum game ideas have become rampant, and the law of the jungle has become the rule of the international community. The strong dominate and the weak prey on the weak. Strategic doubts tend to increase the friction of system cooperation between the two sides. We should use culture and wisdom as lubricants to get to know each other gradually. The true philosophy should move from the human world to nature, finding Husserl's suspended things and establishing a brand-new philosophy in which humans and nature, substance, information, and spirit are united. This kind of philosophy is able to provide contemporary ecological civilization with a reasonable philosophical foundation, rebuilding natural philosophy in a new era, which is a very urgent task for contemporary philosophers [31]
Europe and the United States allocate low-end value chains to their allies and block the production technology and equipment needed by highend value chains at home to ensure their economic development and global power. This makes it dif-
ficult for other countries to achieve technological breakthroughs in high-end value chains. While the strategic partnership between China and Russia is growing, it is necessary to re-examine the current cooperative mechanism between China and Russia. At present, there are more fields between China and Russia, and to achieve systematic linkage within the framework of strategic partnership, how to realize the multifield, all-round and sophisticated technological interaction between China and Russia from the perspective of humanities exchange is an important measure to ensure the value chain system between China and Russia. With more frequent humanities exchanges, ignite the enthusiasm for nongovernmental cooperation. China-Russian cooperation has a profound historical tradition. How to activate and awaken these historical memories, ignite the social enthusiasm for China-Russian strategic cooperation, and implement policies at the grassroots level is the endogenous power of China-Russian relations and the essential demand of China and Russia in the current world pattern. The world is in a great change that has not taken place in a hundred years. The power structure, the distribution of interests, and the value chain are all changing, but the shared experience, joint efforts, and yearning for a better life in history are unchanged. These memories are awakened, activated, and guided, and the lubricant of cooperation resistance is caused by China-Russian strategic doubts. It is necessary to promote scientific and technological cooperation with humanistic cooperation and seek breakthroughs in key technologies to maintain the position and role of China and Russia in the international value chain.
Russia's integration into the global value chain requires a serious restructuring of its domestic economy, in which at least two basic tasks must be solved: 1) modernization of the production business technology platform and 2) formation of a new countercyclical stability mechanism of monetary and fiscal policies. With the development of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, on February 23, 2022, in the first round of sanctions, the Council of the European Union banned the provision of funds to the Russian central bank. On February 25, in the second round of sanctions, the European Union announced that it would ban the upgrading of oil refining technology or services to Russia. In the third round of sanctions on February 28 and March 2, 2022, the Council of the European Union excluded seven Russian banks from the SWIFT system, ranging from physical technology to fi-
nancial currency to energy technology. Western sanctions against Russia have been continuously refined and focused, and industrial sanctions and financial technology sanctions have been connected in series. As a result, the cost of sanctions against Russia has been continuously raised, and the game around geopolitics is escalating. Promoting the adjustment of the economic structure, activating the domestic market potential, and ensuring the independence of Russia's economy in the global value chain have become the main tasks of Russia's economic security. The Russian National Security Strategy (2021 edition) pointed out that the goal of ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation is to strengthen the country's economic sovereignty and improve the competitiveness of the Russian economy and its main way to resist external and domestic threats4.
The China-U.S. trade war, tariff war, and science and technology war show that the China-U.S. trade war has undergone structural changes, from the scope of the initial trade war to beyond the scope of trade. The United States constantly interferes with China's internal affairs, and the "Taipei Act", "Uyghur Human Rights Act" and "Pelosi's visit to Taiwan" all reflect the structural change of China-U.S. trade friction toward a stage that is beyond the scope of trade. During the pandemic, United States hegemonic anxiety became prominent, and it began to impose sanctions on China's hightech fields. The core competitiveness and added value are important chips for the United States to maintain hegemony, and the United States is bound to control the high points of global science and technology and curb the development of other countries. The United States is at the core of the core-periphery structure and has advantages. Combined with structural power, it has exerted a lasting influence on the development and benefits distribution to other countries in the world. The containment policy of the United States has threatened China's national security. On the other hand, the sanctions in Europe and the United States are to use natural resources-monetary settlement-financial leverage to increase the cost of sanctions against Russia, while the sanctions against China are to decouple industries-blockade of science and technology to fight against public opinion in coordination with human rights and geopolitics. Its core objective is to limit or reduce the role and status of China and Russia in
4 Стратегия национальной безопасности Российской Федерации // Президент России. URL: http://www. kremlin. ru/acts/bank/47046/page/5.
the global value chain. On the premise of actively controlling differences with the United States, promoting China-U.S. cooperation, and finding a balance of interests between China and the United States, it is of great significance for both countries to enhance the China-Russian strategic cooperation system and mechanism.
China's strategy for the changing international situation
We must take the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, strengthen self-capacity building, keep the advantage of the value chain, and seek the breakthrough of structural power. Based on more initiative and objectivity, China should enhance its independent core scientific and technological research and development and handle the relations between major powers and multilateral relations well. The essence of competition among large countries is the competition in the position of the global value chain, which can provide countries with greater added value. The added value depends on the breakthrough of advanced science and technology. China needs to formulate a long-term strategy, increase the support of core science and technology industries, and eliminate excessive dependence on European and American science and technology products. Efforts should be made to develop advantageous industrial clusters with leading technology, promote domestic and international double circulation, build multidrive engines for the economy, attach importance to people's livelihood investment, expand domestic demand, and, at the same time, create a favorable business environment, open wider to the outside world, attract foreign investment, and enhance their ability to withstand stress. Both countries should seek the structural advantages of China-Russian strategic cooperation and enhance the complementarity of strategic cooperation. Since the reform and opening up, China has achieved tremendous development under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. To balance the development of material civilization and spiritual civilization, we must do both. We should not only achieve common prosperity but also adhere to the socialist road and achieve a moderately prosperous society. Since the 18th CPC National Congress on schedule, the CPC has achieved great victories in poverty alleviation, achieved phased success in socialist modernization, and achieved major success on the Chinese-style modernization path. In a century, only
under the background of great changes, adhering to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, adhering to the Chinese-style modernization road, and making Marxist China concrete in the practice field of reform and opening up have been verified and sublimated in theory.
It is necessary to pay attention to national security. National security is an important cornerstone of bringing peace and stability to the country. Implementing the overall national security concept is of great significance to our country. We attach importance to both external security and internal security, as well as national security. We must ensure national political security, institutional security, and ideological security, make use of the rich ideological knowledge of China's tradition, combine the significance of the times, think about the independent development road, and safeguard national stability. Discipline construction, academic system construction, and discourse system construction of national security should be actively promoted.
With the excellent Chinese thought and culture, we seek the a priori cultural consciousness of the universality of human civilization. "Tianxia culture" is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. Since ancient times, there has been much thinking about the fate of humanity in Chinese culture, which reflects the "universal feelings" of Chinese culture. We must awaken the Asia-Europe continent's perception of shared memory and actively promote the construction of "The Belt and Road Initiative" in the Asia-Europe continent by linking demand from the endogenous system of Asia and Europe. Interaction with culture and politics is a unique tradition in China. Many political cultures in China are preserved in cultural classics. In the pursuit and shaping of culture, the wisdom of secular politics is constantly displayed. China's unique interactive dialogue between culture and politics should be used to promote the political construction of contemporary China. Whether it is the ancient Silk Road or the shared memory of China-Soviet cooperation in modern times, it is an important cultural resource for China to carry out political activities. If the culture is well understood, political behavior and political cooperation will become smoother. Adhere to multilateral relations, speed up the demand excavation with partner countries, and obtain broader strategic support. To deepen the China-Russian strategic cooperative partnership while participating in the international system, China should also creatively shape the global system.
Combining the transcendental cultural tradition with the common ideal of Marxism [35], China uses traditional political and cultural wisdom to provide China's plan for world peace. China must conform to the objective law of the development of things and act appropriately [36]. "The Belt and Road Initiative" and "Community of Shared Future for Mankind" embody such spiritual connotations. It is advisable to endow China's traditional cultural classics with new-era significance in an appropriate way, reconstruct the classics and produce practical functions. The cultural-political paradigm is the mainstream of political wisdom in ancient China, and many ways of bringing peace and stability to the country take place in the cultural dialogue. The political pattern dominated by China and the charm of a great country should be covered in the "culture-politics" paradigm. The country must break the pattern of confrontation between knowledge and science and technology and break through the restrictive situation of theory against theory, knowledge against knowledge, and science against science, achieving the ideal situation of the same avenue and harmonious symbiosis. The zero-sum game between Europe and the United States can only lead the fate of mankind down the wrong path. Under the core-periphery pattern, competition among large countries tends to heat up. Instead of changing the situation of marginal countries, the competition among small countries for surplus resources makes small countries increasingly marginalized. That is, under the actual distribution pattern of power, the international dynamics urgently need to be reformed.
Conclusion
From the perspective of dynamic changes, the trend of the international pattern is mainly "rising in the east and falling in the west", but the marginal countries of the system tend to be further marginalized. The transfer of structural power is neither the "world becomes more and more flat" that the new liberalism hopes, nor the power that the new structuralism judges is continuously concentrated to the network center. Empirical observation shows that the rise of emerging economies has limited the power of the center to the outside, but the power diffusion stops at the middle layer and is difficult to reach the periphery of the system. It highlights an important issue in the current international pattern, namely, how to improve the structural status of the most vulnerable countries
in the system, which is related to the fairness and justice of the international order [1].
At present, the AIIB (Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank) has 105 member countries, and China has the largest share in the AIIB's registered capital, which is US $29.78 billion. Share proportion 26.06 %. Russia's contribution rate ranked third, only second to India (7.51 %). Its contribution was US $6.54 billion. Share proportion 5.92 %. In addition, Russia will apply to the board of directors of the AIIB in January 2016. The Minister of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, A.V. Uly-ukayev, was elected. Russia's participation in the AIIB is a real opportunity to attract funds to develop domestic infrastructure projects. The Russian side is currently working on these proposals. The Belt and Road Initiative is not just a transport and logistics initiative aimed at ensuring the supply of Chinese goods to Europe. This is a comprehensive project to accelerate the development of Eurasian countries. It is China's promotion of the economic and political process of the whole Eurasian continent and the Asia Pacific region, so as to improve the slowdown of economic growth and promote the transformation of the socio-economic development. The core of The Belt and Road Initiative is that China hopes to establish a sustainable regional value chain, Russia can benefit from participating in the Belt and Road initiative.
Due to the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor, it is also possible for the eastern territory of Russia to be integrated into China's transportation plan. As early as the spring of 2014, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi said that this initiative would mean combining China's "The Belt and Road Initiative", Mongolia's "Prairie Road" concept and Russia's Eurasian Economic Union. In July 2017, China and Russia proposed to carry out cooperation on the Arctic waterway and jointly build the "Ice Silk Road". By 2030, the navigation period of the Arctic Channel is expected to expand from about 4 months to more than half a year, and 1/4 of the total trade volume between Asia and Europe will be transported through the Northeast Arctic Channel5. The "Ice Silk Road" cooperation is an important bridge and link for China to participate in the Arctic governance, which is conducive to expanding China's blue development space, participating in the Arctic governance, deepening Arctic cooperation, and fostering a new mechanism for international cooperation and symbiosis. The geopolitical environment in the Arctic region is
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complex. There are disputes over the ownership of sea areas, shipping access is constrained by the system, and cooperation is uncertain. The special climate and environment of the Arctic region determine the "double high" requirements for cooperation funds and construction technology of the "Ice Silk Road". In addition, the port and supporting facilities are insufficient, so there are many risks in the cooperation. It is very important to avoid risks, reduce uncertainty in cooperation and establish the cooperation symbiosis mechanism of the "Ice Silk Road". China should deepen cooperation with countries around the Sea of Russia and Arctic countries in the fields of port logistics, waterway construction, industrial development, energy cooperation, environmental governance, people to people and cultural exchanges, and jointly promote cooperation on the "Ice Silk Road".
Science and technology are the material means of liberating people, and culture is the spiritual means of liberating people. Power strengthens authority and rights coordinate interests. The Belt and Road Initiative and the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind provide a way out for the economic difficulties and moral dilemmas facing mankind generally. The different paths of political science development between the East and the West have formed the tradition of transcendental political practice and the inertia of empirical political practice. Transcendental values ideal morality, while experience values secular practice. The Western world is by no means monolithic. The Western political practice, which is guided by the secular experience, has the possibility that the system can change with capitals. As long as the Western concerns about ownership and freedom of thought are dispelled, the eastern and western political cultures will be further exchanged. Give play to the wisdom of "monism" in Chinese traditional culture, break through opposition, promote cooperation and achieve harmony. The essence of the struggle between the East and the West on political justice is the issue of spiritual development and material development, and the corresponding cultural and political issues. However, we should realize that culture is the root and material is the surface. China should be committed to developing at the same time. China should actively shape the "unitary" discourse system and break through the context of conflict and confrontation. Only by truly applying the essence of Chinese culture to contemporary international political practice, and exerting China's strength without major changes in a century, can we promote the harmonious situa-
tion of the international pattern. Combine the traditional wisdom value of China to develop new wisdom for human development and open up a new realm for human development. China must make use of the cultural-political paradigm to strengthen its regional influence and break through the core-periphery power pattern. In the process of exchanges between Asia and Europe, we should make good use of the common historical heritage, awaken the common historical memory and
vision, and take cultural exchanges and common people's hearts as the solid foundation for today's cooperation. In the process of China-Russian strategic cooperation, we should activate the common historical experience, seek the endogenous power of all-around cooperation, dispel strategic doubts, enhance the complementarity of strategic cooperation to ensure the position of the value chain, seek high value-added cooperation and enhance the structural power of China and Russia.
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Информация об авторах
Ли Син — доктор исторических наук, профессор, руководитель докторантуры, директор академического комитета Центра Россиеведения Пекинского педагогического университета, региональной и национальной исследовательской базы Министерства образования, директор Учебно-исследовательской секции международных отношений Школы истории, Пекинский педагогический университет, г. Пекин, Китайская Народная Республика, xingli530@sina.com.
Яо Вэй — аспирант, Школа государственного управления, Пекинский педагогический университет, г. Пекин, Китайская Народная Республика.
xingli530@
sina.com.
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Authors
Li Xing — D.Sc. in History, Professor, Doctoral Supervisor, Director of the Academic Committee of the Center for Russian Studies of Beijing Normal University, A Regional and National Research Base of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Director of the Teaching and Research Section of International Relations of the School of History, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China, xingli530@sina.com.
Yao Wei — PhD Student, School of Government Administration, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Вклад авторов
Все авторы сделали эквивалентный вклад в подготовку публикации. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
Contribution of the Authors
The authors contributed equally to this article. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
Для цитирования
Ли Син. Влияние эволюции глобальной производственно-сбытовой цепи на китайско-российское стратегическое сотрудничество и контрмеры Китая / Ли Син, Яо Вэй. — DOI 10.17150/2587-7445.2023.7(1).49-58. — EDN RJHWGJ // Российско-китайские исследования. — 2023. — Т. 7, № 1. — С. 49-68.
For Citation
Li Xing, Yao Wei. Influence of Global Value Chain Evolution on China-Russian Strategic Cooperation and China's Countermeasures. Rossiisko-Kitaiskie Issledovaniya = Russian and Chinese Studies, 2023, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 49-68. EDN: RJHWGJ. DOI: 10.17150/2587-7445.2023.7(1).49-68.
