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UDC 621.892.21:665.76
RESEARCH OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF LUBRICATING GREASE PREPARATION FROM THE USED ENGINE OILS
M.Zh. Almagambetova1, N.B. Utegalieva2
Abstract
In this work it is offered to use the used oils as raw materials for receiving greases. Results of the purified used oils which are the disperse environment of greases are presented. The technology of receiving greases on the basis of the used oils is studied. The possibility of traditional technology usage with small adjustment depending on with the applied used oils is revealed.
Keywords: lubricants, the used oils, cleaning, the dispersive environment, a disperse phase, hydrocarbon greases.
Petroleum oils find broad and various application in the exploitation of modern equipment. Along with the engine oils used for greasing of internal combustion engines, a large amount of oils is used for greasing various cars, mechanisms, machines and devices, as working liquids for hydraulic systems of different functions, for isolation of electric devices, ensuring operation of vacuum pumps and many other purposes. Every year volumes of consumption of lubricants and, as a result, volumes of the used oils increase. The big part of such oils owing to poorly adjusted collecting and absence of simple effective technologies and the equipment for processing of the used products just merges in unspecified places, causing serious environmental problems. It gives huge relevance to development and deployment of resource-saving, low-cost technological processes of processing and utilization of the used oils [1, 2].
One of the directions of recycling of the used oils can be their use as the dispersive environment of greases.
During the operation of an internal combustion engine motor oils are subjected to high temperatures and pressure, to the contact with oxygen and various metals, as a result hydrocarbons of oil undergo processes of oxidation, condensation and decomposition. In this regard the used engine oils represent complex multicomponent mix which consist of the detergent-dispersing additives of various degree of elaboration, various oxygen-containing connections formed as a result of oxidation and thermodestruction of hydrocarbons of oil, and also products of interaction of both parts. All above-mentioned connections are the strong surface-active substances (SAS) which in the course of preparation can significantly influence structure, and, as a result, volume, and also superficial properties of antifrictional soap greasings.
On the other hand, it is known that failed in collaboration detergent-dispersing additives, which are contained in the exhaust oils are identical on structure to some commodity inhibitors of electrochemical corrosion. Therefore, use of the used oils as the dispersive environment by production of protective hydrocarbon greases can be effective from the point of view of improvement of protective properties of greases. Greases are used in equipment in much smaller volumes than lubricant oils. However, their role in reliable operation of machines is not less important.
1Утегалиева Нурсая Бекболатовна - магистрант специальности "Химическая технология органических веществ", Западно-Казахстанский аграрно-технический университет имени Жангир хана, Казахстан.
2Алмагамбетова Майра Жаубасаровна - кандидат технических наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой "Химия и химическая технология", Западно-Казахстанский аграрно-технический университет имени Жангир хана, Казахстан.
YneHbiH XXI BeKa • 2016 • № 6-2 (18)
Greases according to their properties are intermediate between oils and solid lubricants, they combine properties of a solid body and liquid that is connected with their structure. Grease consists of the structural framework formed by firm particles of a thickener (a disperse phase) and included in cells of this framework of oil (the dispersive environment). In greases the maintenance of a thickener can make 5-30%. It is even less in greases of other components: additives, firm additives, free alkalis or acids (soap greases), dispersant, etc. [3].
Many properties of greases depend on properties of the dispersive environment. The chemical composition, the nature of oils significantly influence structure of formation and thickening effect of a dispersive phase, and respectively operational properties of greases. The used oils of a mineral and synthetic origin have all positive properties of the dispersive environment.
As the analysis has shown, greases have rather difficult structure, and their properties mostly depend on structure and properties of the dispersive environment and a disperse phase. Preparation of greases provides several main stages:
- choice of the dispersive environment;
- mixing of the dispersive environment and disperse phase;
- heat treatment;
- introduction of additives with the subsequent cooling.
The first stage of receiving any grease is the preparation of the dispersive environment which is that ethyl alcohol and 30% water solution of a carbamide in the ratio 1:1, taken in number of 2% of mass of the purified oil with the subsequent separation of contaminants are brought in the oil mix which is previously heated to 85-100°C (tab. 1).
Table 1
Characteristics of the dispersive environment before and after cleaning
№ Indicators Used engine oils Purified used engine oils
1. Content of mechanical impurities, % 2,40 0,9
2. Kinematic viscosity, mm2/s 16,3 14,6
3. Water content, % 0,06 -
4. Flash point in an open crucible,0C 182 185
5. Acid number, mg KOH/g 3,2 0,4
6. Base number, mg KOH/g 2,1 1,9
Preparation of hydrocarbon greases represents the simplest scheme of production. Process of preparation consists in the following. In the capacity 5 equipped with a mixer, batchers 1/3 part of oil and solid are supplied via batchers, here additives are submitted from capacity 3. Temperature increases to 120-145 °C and at the same time the rest of oil is added. The received fusion pumps on the filter, the refrigerating device, and then on packaging. The scheme of preparation of grease is submitted in fig. 1 [4].
1-3 - raw capacities; 4 - dosing pump; 5 - scraper and bladed device; 6 - pump; 7 - filter; 8 - the cooling drum; I - additives; II - solid hydrocarbons; III - oil; IV - finished goods for packaging
Figure 1. The schematic diagram of installation for production of hydrocarbon greases
This technology is standard, i.e. greases prepare on fresh oils. In case of replacement of fresh oils on used, it is necessary to include installation of oil purification in the schematic diagram in addition.
Thus, an opportunity of the use of used engine oils as the dispersive environment of hydrocarbon conservation greases is investigated and its efficiency is shown.
It is possible to assume that hydrocarbon greases on the used oils will differ in the improved protective properties in comparison with greases on basic distillate bases.
The offered technology will allow to receive useful and demanded production, at the same time providing decrease in environmental pollution owing to a reuse of used oil as raw materials.
References
1.Morozov I.V., Maslennikov V.A., Osadchy Yu.P.,.Markelov A.V. The possibility of mineral motor oil regeneration // Agrarian journal of Upper Volga region. - 2014. - №3 (8). -P. 25-27.
2.Ostrikov V. V. Fuel, lubricants and technical liquids. - Tambov: Min. edu. and sciences of the Russian Federation. - Public Educational Institution of Higher Professional Training TSTU, 2008. - 302 p. (in Russ.)
3.Sinitsyn V. V. Selection and use of lubricating greases. - M.: Chemistry, 1969. - 375 p. (in Russ.)
4.Ishchuk Yu.L. Technology of greases. - M.: Science thought, 1986. - 147 p. (in Russ.)
© M.Zh. Almagambetova, N.B. Utegalieva, 2016
УДК 621.892.21:665.76
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ПЛАСТИЧНОЙ СМАЗКИ ИЗ ОТРАБОТАННЫХ МОТОРНЫХ МАСЕЛ
Н.Б. Утегалиева, М.Ж. Алмагамбетова
Аннотация. В данной работе предлагается использовать отработанные масла в качестве сырья для получения пластичных смазок. Представлены результаты очищенных отработанных масел, являющихся дисперсной средой смазок. Изучена технология получения пластичных смазок на основе отработанных масел. Выявлена возможность использования традиционной технологии с малой корректировкой в зависимости с применяемыми отработанными маслами.
Ключевые слова: смазочные материалы, отработанные масла, очистка, дисперсионная среда, дисперсная фаза, углеводородные смазки.
© Н.Б. Утегалиева, М.Ж. Алмагамбетова, 2016
