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UDC 636.4.087.7
RESEARCH OF INFLUENCE OF ANTIOXIDANTS AND MEDICATIONS OF NATURAL ORIGIN ON FATTENING QUALITIES OF PIGS
Dedkova A.I., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences Sergeeva N.N., Khimicheva S.N., Candidates of Biological Sciences Orel State Agrarian University, Orel City, Russia E-mail: umo1@orelsau.ru, snn8272@mail.ru, lanacv@rambler.ru
ABSTRACT
The problem of widely spread different stress types requires active search for solutions on preventive measures of negative effects of general adaptation syndrome. The application of pharmacological agents allowing limiting redundant stress-reaction is perspective. It is established that the application of antioxidant drugs and medications of natural origin has positive effect on intensity of growth and fattening qualities and safety of pigs.
KEY WORDS
Stress; Anti-oxidants; Pigs; Productivity.
The technology of productive pig breeding has stress-producing character connected with influence on animal organism factors of early weaning, regrouping, transport stress, hypodynamia, information and emotional stress, medical and preventive measures and other stress-factors [4, 7].
Regulatory organism activity at negative technological factors impact requires colossal energy plastic expenses in the conditions of strained functioning of all organs and systems. It can result in immune suppression, disorder of the digestive tract, reproductive function worsening and more than that in increase of risk of development of different diseases and decrease of animal productivity [1, 5].
Thus, the influence of stress-producing factors of industrial technology intended for obtaining maximum profit can result in decrease of economic efficiency of productive animal husbandry in the conditions of uncontrolled stress syndrome of animals. The search of new medications for stress correction and also complex usage of synthetic and natural antioxidants as stress correctors has great practical importance.
MATERIALS AND RESEARCH METHODS
The work was done on fattening pig population of large white breed. At planning, preparation, testing and results assessment we take into consideration the recommendations of A. V. Mamaev and V. N. Masalov. Animal groups were formed according to the principle of analogs [6].
The purpose of our investigations was finding out the efficiency of usage of natural antioxidant of barley germs - VGC (B3K) (vitamine germ concentrate), synthetic antioxidant of emoxipin and complex «VGC (B3K) + emoxipin» to increase pigs productivity at fattening. VGCA (B3KA) (VGC+mexidol) in our research was used as prototype.
To reach the goal the following problems solution was planned:
- to find out the effect of synthetic and natural antioxidants on the fattening qualities of pigs: live weight at the end of fattening; average daily gain of young pigs; age of reaching live weight 100 kg; nutrient expenses for 1 kg of gain;
- to find out the effect of synthetic and natural antioxidants on young pigs safety on fattening.
Barley germs VGC (B3K) (vitamine germ concentrate) were obtained by barley grain germination, by wetting thin layer (1-3 sm) of grain with water and holding it on fabric substrate at temperature 25o C for one day. We watched the temperature, humidity and excess of oxygen. The barley VGC (B3K) was introduced into pigs ration in amount of 0,1 kg per 100 kg of live weight of animals [2].
VGCA (B3KA) (VGC (B3K) + mexidol) was obtained by mixing barley germs with the corresponding amount of water solution of mexidol (succinate 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-oxipyridine [2]. Mexidol is produced by the pharmaceutical industry.
Emoxipin (Emoxipinum) (3-oxi-6-methyl-2-ethyl-pyridin hydrochloride), international name is methylethylpyridonol hydrochloride. Emoxipin is produced by the pharmaceutical industry. Five animal groups - 10 animals in each were formed in the test. All 5 groups were kept compact (Table 1).
Table 1 - Test scheme
Test group Animal number, livestock units Name of drug
1 (control) 10 -
2 10 VGC
3 10 VGC + mexidol (prototype)
4 10 Emoxipin
5 10 VGC + emoxipin
The first group was control group; it included pigs that didn’t get antioxidants. Animals of the second experimental group got barley germs - VGC (B3K) (vitamin germ concentrate) in amount of 0,1 kg per 100 kg of live weight. The third experimental group got barley VGC (B3K) in the same amount, as pigs of the second experimental group, which was fed with water solution of mexidol from the calculation 0,0003 mass % of a substance per each 100 kg of live weight of animals. The fourth experimental group got synthetic drug emoxipin in doze 0,75 mg per each 100 kg of live weight of animals. Pigs of the fifth experimental group got complex of «barley VGC + emoxipin» in the same amounts as the animals of the second and fourth groups [3].
RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSION
Animal live weight is the most important indicator of organism condition. In this connection the relatively high daily average live weight gain of pigs in experimental groups testifies the metabolic rate in their organism. Animals of the control group, being kept in the same, grow less intensive (Table 2).
Table 2 - Live weight and daily average gains at piglets fattening
Indicator Groups
1 2 3 4 5
Live weight at the beginning of fattening, kg 32,2±1,51 31,9±1,36 31,9±1,48 32,0±1,56 31,8±1,42
Live weight at the end of fattening, kg 99,8±0,13 100,8±0,16 101,6±0,20 100,3±0,14 101,2±0,20
daily average gain, g 456,8±8,0 509,2±12,0** 520,6±17,0** 512,4±3,0** 527,6±15,0***
Differences are statistically valid in comparison with control: **- Р< 0,01; ***- Р< 0,001.
Daily average gains analysis for the experimental period showed that application of antioxidants for stress correction provided growth of fattening young stock productivity of the experimental groups. In the second experimental group getting VGC (B3K) positive increase of daily average gains by 11,4 % (P<0,01) was observed; in the third experimental group getting VGC (B3K) in the mixture together with mexidol - by 13,9 % (P< 0,01); in the fourth group getting emoxipin - by 12,1 % (P< 0,01) in comparison with the animals from control group. The maximum gains 527,6 + 15,0 g in the fifth experimental group, getting complex « VGC (B3K) + emoxipin » ( by 17 % (P<0,001) were higher than had the animals from control group).
The application of antioxidants and medications of natural origin at growing fattening livestock allows decreasing the fattening periods and the age of reaching live weight 100 kg of pigs of experimental groups (Table 3).
As a result of the experiment the decrease of fattening periods and the age of reaching live weight 100 kg of pigs from the experimental groups was observed. In the second experimental group these indicators decreased by 12,5 days, in the third group - by 14,4
days; in the fourth group - by 15 days; in the fifth group - by 16,7 days in comparison with the control group.
Table 3 - Nutrient expenses and age of reaching live weight 100 kg of the experimental pigs groups
Indicator Groups
1 2 3 4 5
Fattening duration, days 148,2+1,1 135,7+1,3** 133,8+1,1*** 133,2+1,2*** 131,5+0,8***
Age of reaching live weight 100 kg, days 270,2+1,9 257,7+1,6*** 255,8+1,8*** 255,2+1,6*** 253,5+1,3***
Nutrient expenses per 1 kg of gain, k. units. 5,12+0,3 5,00+0,2 5,01+0,1 4,99+0,2 4,82+0,1
Differences are statistically valid in comparison with control: **- Р< 0,01; ***- Р< 0,001.
Nutrient expenses and their usage efficiency directly depend on introduction of antioxidants into the ration. Drugs application provided nutrient expenses decrease per 1 kg of gain for the fattening period. For every kilogram of live weight gain of a pig of the second experimental group the nutrient was spent less by 2,3 %; in the third group - by 2,5%; in the fourth group - by 2,1%; in the fifth group - by 5,8%, in comparison with the animals from the control group.
Fattening pigs safety indicators are reflected in Table 4. Safety was 100%. In the third and fifth experimental groups where pigs were on fattening and additionally to basic ration got vitamin and cereal concentrate and synthetic drugs emoxipin and mexidol. In the second and fourth groups safety was lower and corresponded to 90%, and in the control group -80%.
Table 4 - Fattening pigs safety
Indicator Groups
1 2 3 4 5
Number of stock units at the beginning of fattening 10 10 10 10 10
Number of stock units at the end of fattening 8 9 10 9 10
Fattening pigs safety, % 80 90 100 90 100
Thus, the carried out experiment showed that the application of vitamin germ
concentrate VGC (B3K) in complex with synthetic drug emoxipin for stress correction of
fattening livestock allows reducing the age of reaching live weight 100 kg by 16,7 days,
increasing daily average gain (by 70,8 g) and decreasing feed effiecncy by 0,3 k. unts.
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