CC BY
45
UDC 619:618.11
Masalov V.N., Doctor of Biological Sciences Mikheyeva E.A., Candidate of Biological Sciences Arbuzov I.N., Post-graduate student Orel State Agrarian University, Orel City, Russia E-mail: biodek2008@yandex. ru
INFLUENCE OF THE ANTIOXIDANT BIO-20 ON THE MILK PRODUCING ABILITY
AND QUALITY INDICATORS OF MILK ABSTRACT
The article presents the results of application of the antioxidant BIO-20 for the purpose of improvement of the milk producing ability and quality of milk. This preparation helps to minimize negative consequences of stresses. Unfortunately, the major part of the researches is carried out in medicine, and only a small part of the scientific achievements of biologists is used in animal husbandry.
KEY WORDS
Cattle; Milk producing ability; Quality of milk; Seasonality of lactation; Antioxidants.
At the present time in the practice of dairy cattle breeding the effective technologies, allowing to provide high extent of realization of productive potential of animals - increase in production of milk and improvement of its qualitative indicators are successfully used. Modern level of knowledge in the field of physiology gives great opportunities to scientists and practical workers for the forecasting of final results, the prevention of functional diseases and the fullest realization of genetically determined producing abilities of animals. However the improvement reserves of milk producing ability of cattle are far from being used completely [1,3,4].
Industrial technologies of milk production do not exclude the impact of stresses of various origins on an organism. That is accompanied by violation of a functional homeostasis of animals. Great reserves are hidden in the expansion of a set of means having positive effect on the organism of an animal as a whole, and therefore on the milk producing ability and the milk quality indicators of cows. [2,5]
The hypothesis of this work was the assumption that antioxidants would be able to level the stressful state of animals in the conditions of industrial complexes that would positively affect the health of animals and their productivity.
The goal of the researches is to study the influence of a technological stress on the dynamics of production of milk, its quantity and properties and to explore the influence of BIO-20 antioxidant on the milk producing ability of cows and on the quality of milk.
MATERIAL AND METHODS OF RESEARCHES
During 2012-2013 the experimental studies have been carried out as consistent with the state research program of the administrative authorities of the Oryol region and the Department of Agriculture within the scope of subject 2.1. "Development of environment and resource saving animal husbandry and improvement of selection systems of agricultural animals in the conditions of membership of Russia in the WTO" at the State enterprise JSC AIC "Orlovskaya Niva. Milk production complex". The experiment is made on black and white Holsteinized cattle. 5 groups of animals were created on the principle of analogs. Feeding of animals was carried out in full compliance with the norms of All-Russian institute of animal husbandry. The animals were managed without halter straps in standard cowsheds during the whole year.
For the selection of an optimum dose of the antioxidant it was supplemented orally in quantity from 1,0 to 1000,0 mg / 100 kg of live weight of a cow, the antioxidant being carefully mixed with the compound feed. The preparation represents the primary structure of
B12 vitamin and belongs to the class of benzimidazoles. It was synthesized at the institute of chemical physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences by Kuznetsov Y.V.
Dynamics and quantity of the milk producing ability were traced by the data in the zootechnical register. For the evaluation of the quality indicators of milk the samples were collected into sterile test tubes 2 times a day. The necessary indicators were worked on Laktan 1-4. Researches were conducted at the chair of anatomy, physiology and surgery, and in the Innovative research center.
RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSION
Seasonality in the production of milk exists in a varying degree in all parts of the world. It is a natural factor which, unfortunately, is one of the serious factors interfering with the effective development of the dairy market. The researches conducted by us showed that in the production of milk in JSC AIC "Orlovskaya Niva seasonal dynamics is also observed. While analyzing the data of table 1 it is seen that the lowest milk yields were observed from February to April, and the results of table 2 show that the lowest quality indicators fall on the same time of the year.
Table 1 - Seasonal dynamics of change of milk yields
Month Total number of cows (heads) Average daily yield of milk (litres)
January 110 29,7
February 90 21,6
March 110 27,9
April 140 22,7
May 134 24,5
June 101 29,3
July 138 28,7
August 141 36,5
September 123 38,3
October 117 34,7
November 137 33,1
December 144 32,9
Table 2 - Seasonal dynamics of change of milk quality indicators
Month Fat (%) Protein (%)
January 3,64 3,14
February 3,31 3,02
March 3,38 3,10
April 3,61 3,12
May 3,76 3,14
June 3,70 3,15
July 4,00 3,16
August 4,20 3,21
September 4,00 3,20
October 4,10 3,19
November 3,90 3,20
December 3,80 3,18
We consider it to be the result of accumulation of the maximum value of a technological stress at animals by the winter and spring periods because of eating of forages of more poor quality, than during other periods of the year, the influence of temperature and other factors of a microclimate, the small front of feeding, the formation of big groups of animals, etc. However each manager has to be interested in smoothing of summer and winter production of milk, otherwise the branch won't be able to work steadily and to increase the production potential and investment appeal.
Taking into consideration the last achievements of biology, it is possible to draw a conclusion that the main principle of reduction of negative consequences of stresses is the mobilization of own forces of an organism, in particular, activation of vitagenes and synthesis of the additional substances possessing antioxidant properties. The means having the indirect impact on the organism can be expected to have the greatest effect. [1,2,6] ] That’s
why our researches were concentrated on the studying of influence of BIO-20 antioxidant on milk producing ability and qualitative indicators of milk. At all benefits of this preparation the selection of the dose is of great significance as its excess can lead to violation of a homeostasis and unjustified economic expenses.
Table 3-Definition of the Optimum Dose of BIO-20 antioxidant
Group of animals Number of the heads Preparation Dose (mg / 100 kg of live weight) Yield of milk
Control 1 22 0 22,3
Experimental 2 19 1,0 23,1
Experimental 3 17 10,0 32,2
Experimental 4 21 100,0 26,7
Experimental 5 23 1000,0 22,6
The data stated in table 3, allow to consider the optimum dose of the BIO-20 preparation stabilizing amount of milk to be 10,0 mg / 100 kg of live weight. Definition of the influence of BIO-20 on the milk yield was the next stage of the researches. Results of the experiment are presented in table 4.
Table 4 - Influence of the optimum dose of BIO-20 on the milk yield
Group of animals Number of the heads Preparation Dose (mg / 100 kg of live weight) Average daily yield of milk (litres)
Control 1 17 0 21,6
Experimental 2 21 10,0 27,4
It follows by the table 4 that the application of the specified antioxidant promotes 27% of increase in the amount of milk in comparison with the control. We consider it to be connected with the BIO-20 preparation that neutralizes the free radicals accumulating in an organism through the technological stress. Definition of influence of BIO-20 on the quality of milk was the next stage of researches. Results of the experiment are presented in table 5.
Table 5 - Influence of the optimum dose of Bio-20 on the qualitative composition of milk
Group of animals Number of the heads Preparation dose (mg / 100 kg of live weight) Protein (%) Fat (%)
Control 1 17 0 3,02 3,31
Experimental 2 19 10,0 3,10 3,44
Comparing animals of the experimental and control groups, we can see that the antioxidant preparation allows animals to use their genetic resources more effectively and to receive 13 % and 0,08 % of increase in fat and protein in milk respectively.
Conclusions
Introduction in an alimentary way of BIO-20 antioxidant in the dose of 10mg/100kg of live weight during the maximum action of the technological stress allows cows: to level the stressful condition of animals; to stabilize milk ejection; to increase the content of fat and protein in milk to 0,13 % and 0,08 % respectively.
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