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36RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY: ADVANCES IN SOLAR PANEL TECHNOLOGY Sheraliev D.D.
Sheraliev Davronbek Dilshodjohn o 'g 'li - Student, ELECTRIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, POWER ENGINEERING FACULTY, FERGANA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, FERGANA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article under discussion describes one of the renewable sources of energy solar energy, which represents an abundant source of clean and renewable energy. The author of the article focuses his attention on the advances in solar panel technology and depicts the main changes in the solar devices.
Keywords: solar, alternative, conventional, sources, energy, panel, pollute, power, release, generate, reduce.
The rapid increase in the demand of energy has caused worry about its supply. The main sources of energy are conventional sources. They are non-renewable and exhaustible sources. Today, we start using alternative sources of energy like solar power, wind power, geothermal, biomass, hydro power, waste energy and so on, because these renewable energy sources are not polluting the environment and are helping us to reduce the level of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere and to reduce climate change effects.
Solar energy is derived from the sun's radiation. The sun is a powerful energy source, and this energy source can be harnessed by installing solar panels. Did you know that the energy it provides to the Earth for one hour could meet the global energy needs for one year? However, we are able to harness only 0.001 percent of that energy [1, p.p. 2-8].
There is a reason why solar energy has become a trending topic when talking about renewables. While it has been widely criticized for being expensive or not very efficient, solar energy has now proved to be extremely beneficial - not only for the environment but also financially speaking. Additionally, due to the higher demand, the technology has been improved considerably, turning into a significantly efficient source of clean energy.
Solar power was in a constant state of innovation in 2019, with new advances in solar panel technology announced almost every week. In the past year alone, there have been milestones in solar efficiency, solar energy storage, wearable solar tech and solar design tech.
Solar water heaters are cost competitive in many applications when it take into account the total energy costs over the life of system. Although the initial cost of solar water heaters is higher than that of conventional water heaters. However, the fuel (i.e. sun) is safe, free and environmental friendly. To take advantage of these heaters, it must have an unshaded, south-facing location (e.g. roof or south-facing windows for externally mounted solar panels on building facade).
As solar starts to reach mainstream status, more and more homeowners are considering solar - even those who have roofs that are less than ideal for panels. Because of this expansion, ground mounted solar is becoming a viable clean energy option, thanks in part to tracking mount technology.
The past few years in the solar industry have been a race to the top in terms of solar cell efficiency, and recent times have been no different. A number of achievements by various panel manufacturers have brought us to today's current record for solar panel efficiency: 23.5 percent, held by premium panel manufacturer Sun Power.
The concepts of off-grid solar and solar plus storage have gained popularity in U.S. markets, and solar manufacturers have taken notice. The industry-famous Tesla Powerwall, a rechargeable lithium-ion ion battery product launched in 2015, continues to lead the pack with regard to market share and brand recognition for solar batteries. Tesla offers two storage products, the Powerwall 2.0 for residential use and the Powerpack for commercial
use. Solar storage is still a fairly expensive product in 2019, but a surge in demand from solar shoppers is expected to bring significantly more efficient and affordable batteries to market in 2019.
Though wearable solar devices are nothing new (solar-powered watches and other gadgets have been on the market for several years), the past few years saw an innovation in solar textiles: tiny solar panels can now be stitched into the fabric of clothing. The wearable solar products of the past, like solar-powered watches, have typically been made with hard plastic material. This new textile concept makes it possible for solar to expand into home products like window curtains and dynamic consumer clean tech like heated car seats [2, p.p. 45-60].
In conclusion, there is a lot of research going on in other solar energy applications also, such as, solar desalination, solar refrigeration and cooling, delighting and passive solar uses. The main innovation in these cycles with multiple outputs is that after converting heat to power, the waste heat from that cycle is used for desalination, heating, cooling etc., instead of rejecting it into the environment. This not only improves the overall efficiency but also reduces environmental thermal pollution.
References
1. BoxwellM. Solar electricity handbook. Greenstream Publishing, 20019. P.p. 2-8.
2. Duffie J. Solar engineering of thermal processes. 4th edition. John Willey&Sons, 2013.
P.p. 45-60.
