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Чш^ЪЬ 4bpmbjnb'
РшЬшф pшnhp Jmpq^mj^ü ^m^p Цшц^шш^, mqqmj^ü
^m^p ühpntd, ntqhqühp^ шpшшhnup, ф^йшйишЦшй Цшщ^шш^
ишщЦшфЬ ¡¡шщр1пш1 ЬшиЦшд11ьр]шЬ 2ЯЩ£
¿mumpm^ntpjmü pmph^hgnLpjmü m^mhn^Jmü ^mpUnpmqnLjü йш^шцш]-Ulmüp üpm ifmpqlimjfiü ЦшЩршшф (U4) U ^m^p ühpntd^ mn^mjnLpjntüü t: Umpq^mj^ü Цшщ^шшщ (Human Capital) hmumpm^ntpjmü ^m^p, рйшЦшй, mnnqgm^mhm^mü U mjL nhuntpuühp^ hm^mpm^mü mUpnqgnLpjnLüü t: Uqqmpüm^ntpjmü pmph^hgnLpjmü m^mhn^Jmü шЬ-umü^jntü^g, phpUu, tm^mü ü2müm^nLpjni.ü ¿ntühü шпЦш Jmpq^mj^ü nhuntpuühp^ ршйшЦшЦшй bm^miühpp: ¿hü mjü mqqhpü ni. ^hsntpjnLÜ-ühpp, npnüp ш^ш^ЬшпЫ! hü p^mpmüm^n^ Jh& Jmpq^mj^ü nhunipuühp^, mjünihmüqhpÄ., mjq nhunipuühp^ шüшpq]nLÜш^hш ^mnm^mpJmü hhшUшü-pn^ ^müqühL hü шüшhuшЦшü U pmqmpm^mü LnLp2 h^Jüm^üq^pühp^ mn^U: 4ppnipjmü, q^nipmü n|npшnLJ шühpшdh2ш U hmJmpdhp ühpqpniJühp^ ^pmqnp&UUmü hmpgniJ цhшnLp]шü U hmumpm^nipjmü фп^шИшЛ-ш^т-pjmUp U^m^mfc nmqJm^mpnipjniüp hümpm^npnipjniü t шшфи шпЦш U4 ^pmnnipjniü^g m^ü^mih npm^m^mü hhшшqшpA. mpqjniüp:
Unmg^ü müqml «Jmpq^mj^ü Цшц^шш^» hqpp ^pmnh^ t mJhp^mg^ шüшhuшqhш fà-hnqnp Cnqgü ^p шhunLp]nLÜnLÜ, 1961p.: Ъш püqq&niJ tp ppml[mü ЦшЩ^шшф np^hu U4 mnmügpmj^ü pmqmqp^^, ^mpUnpnipjni-üp hp^p^ шüшhunLp]шü qmpqmglmü qnp&niJ: UJhp^mg^ шüшhuшqhшp hhшшqnшnLp]nLÜühp tp ^pm^mümgüniJ ^mpqhini hhшцшшhpшqü]шü 2p2müniJ (bp^pnpq ш2^шphшüшpш^g hhшn) O-hpJmü^mj^ U шüшhunLp]шü шpшq шhüцhpn^ ^hpm^müqüJmü цшш^шnшhhшUшüpш]^ü ^m^hpp: Ъш ЬЦш^ mjü hqpmhmüqlmü, np O-hpJmü^mj^ U
' «bnpm^müp» 4-4Z -ßmqmpm^mü hhmmqnmnipjnLüühp^ ^hümpnü^ qh^m^mp:
sUshuntpjntUUhpp mpmq ^hpm^mUqUJmU hmUqmJmUpp imjJmUm^np^mfc tp U mnnqg pUm^^nLpjntU ntUhUmini. ppnqntpjmJp, pmUp np, pus
Upm, IppntpntUp Jmpq^mUg qmp&UntJ t mnm^hi mpsmqpnqm^mU U ushq&mqnpfc: 1960p. «^mqmpm^mU sUshuntpjmU hmpghp» mJumqpntJ simqp^mfc «^mq^mmi^ ushq&ntJp IppntpjmU 2Unphp^» (Capital Formation by Education) hnq^m&ntJ sUshumqhsp Uhplmjmgphi t m2^msntdp mpdhpp ^hpmphpjmi pp qUmhmsm^mUUhpp, npshq hm2^mpl^ntJ tpU IppntpjmU hmJmp Um^mshu^nq fcm^uhpp1: UJhpplmgp sUshumqhs Q-mpp Phphpp 1960-m^mUUhppU qmpqmgphg U^-p ^hpmphpjmi 2nM_gjmU shuntpjmU hpJUmqpnLjpUhpp hpJUm^nphin^_ U^-ntJ UhpqpntJUhpp mUhpmdh2snL-pjntUp hmumpmlntpjmU IhUumJm^mpqmlp pmp&pmgJmU qnp&ntJ: 1962p. inLju shum^_ Phphpp «"bhpqpnLJUhpp JmpqlmjpU ImipsmintJ. shum^mU ^hpinL&nLpjnLU» hnq^m&p, pul 1964p. Um qphg «UmpqlmjpU Imipsmi. shum^mU U tJlpppl ^hpinL&nLpjni.U» qpppp, npshq ^mpUnp^ntJ tp lppm-lmU Imipsmip pmqmqpp^p: Phphpp UUL> oppUm^n^ hmurnmmniJ tp, np Upmgjmi LmhmUqUhpntJ U^-ntJ UhpqpntJUhpp Impnq hU m^mhn^hi h^m-JsmphpntpjmU mnm^hi pmpA.p gntgmUp2Uhp, pmU qm Imphip t m^U^m^ mpdhpqphpntJ ppm^mUmg^nq UhpqpntJUhppg2: Cum Upm shuntpjmU, U4 hm2^mp^ntJ qnp&mpmpntpjmU mpqjntUm^hmntpjmU m^mhn^JmU shumU-ljni.Upg U4 Ippm^mU pmqmqpp^U mnmU&Umg^ntJ tp npihu mU^jntUmpm-pmjpU qpntjp pUqq&hin^ s^jmi A-hnUmplntpjmU qmpqmgJmU hmJmp jntpm-pmUyntp m2^msm^gp IppntpjmU U JmuUmqpsm^mU ntunigJmU hmJmp UhpqpntJUhpp ppm^mUmgJmU mUhpmdh2sntp]ntUp3:
Uqqwjpii limpqliiujjih Jjmtqpinuii
U4 shuntpjmU Jhg mnmU&Umg^ntJ t U4 hp^nt hpJUm^mU shuml mUhm-mmljmh Jmpqljmjph Ijmiqpinmi U mqqmjpU Jmpqljmjph ljmiqpmmi: 1970-80-m^mUUhppg u^umfc 2h2smlp shJ^hpn^ pUpmgnq mpqj ntUmphpmlmUmg-JmU qnpbpUpmgUhpp, npshq Jmpq^mj pU nhuntpuUhpp hmpgntJ mnmg-Umj pU tpU hmJmp^ntJ pUm^mU, ^pUmUum^mU U Uj ntpm^mU mu^h^sUhpp, ^hpm^n^m^hpi^hgpU npm^m^hu mnm^hi pmpA.p musp^mUm^mpqp Jmpqlmj pU nhuntpuUhpntJ mnmUgpmj pU U2mUmlntpj ntU smin^ IppnL-
1 http://efbgu.narod.ru/stud/files/ebook/nobel/17_schultz.pdf
2 http://seinst.ru/page289/
3 https://www.hse.ru/data/2011/04/22/1210713272/Korchagin%20Russian%20Human%20Capital% 20Assets.pdf
Ч. ЧhpшÜJшü
<21 -pq ТиГ», ppi¡ 3 (73), 2017р.
pj шüü ni шhцhlшшlпLрJ шüp1: Zhшшqш] nil иЧ hшulшgпLpj шü A.Uшlhpц-l^ü 2P2шüшlühpü t L ш^ф püqjmj ü^hgpü: Zшüш2^шphш] pü pшülp фпpЛ.шqhшühpp ^hpgpü qh^nij gühpp hш2lшplühpпl.tf иЧ qüшhшшtfшü hшpgпLÜ hplü^niü hü ш] üipup ¿шфпpп2p¿ühpp ^ш, püipupf hü uüüqp, püшlшlш] pp, Ippnipj ш^ шnпq2шцшhпLp] шü nLqqnLpj шф püшшühlшü U цhшшlшü ^^uhpp: Upq ntüpntü иЧ-ü uluhg pü^iih npihu ^шт-pj шü üпpшpшpшlшü U qpшh^ppшhhü шüшhuпLpj шü qшpqшgtfшü hшüшp шühpшdh2ш üш^шцш] l^ü, пpшhq шnшüÀüшglпLtf tp шühшwü pp ü'lnшllnp U шл nhumipuühpmi¡ npiqhu hшuшpшl¡nlpJшh 1ТЧ qшpqшgmllI шщшhmlnq l¡шphnpшqnlJh unipjhl[W.: Ц|uшhqpg t]_ иЧ шhuпLpjПLÜПLtf шпш^ h^i шühшwшlшü иЧJ^u^gnLpjntüp:
иЧ шhuпLp]ПLÜühpпLÜ шnшüÀüшglпLÜ tp üшU шqqшJph UЧhшulш-gnLpjniüp, npp шфш! hшuшpшlпLp]шü шqqш]pü hшpuшпLpjшü hptfüшlшü pшqlшgпLgp^ü t: UqqшJpü иЧ-ü ühpшnпLÜ t шфш! lhшпLpjшü U hшuшpш-lntp^ü pшqшpшlшü, uпgpшL-шüшhuшlшü Цш^шш^д, шqqшJpü Иш^^ nhuntpuühpp, шqqшJpü tfpgпLÜшlпLpjшü шnшlhLПLpjm.üühpp U dnqn^pqp püшlшü lпшhügpШLp: UqqшJpü иЧ-ü hш2lшpllпLÜ t üpш шpdh-PШJÜПLPJШÜ gnigp^n^: UqqшJpü иЧ-ü ^qtfnil t JПLpшpшü¿]ПLp qшpqшgпq hplpp püqhшüпLp hш2lшplпl шqqшJpü hшpuшпLpjшü ш^ф pшü lhup, pul qшpqшgш& hplpühpp hшüшp ^hpgpüühppu шqqшJpü hшpuшпLpjшü ш^ф pшü 70-75%-p: U2^шphp шшpphp hplpühpp UqqшJpü иЧ шpdhpp, èш^uш-шшpпLpJшü ühpпqшpшüпLpJшü hш2lшplp hpl^ü ^ш, qüшhшшlhL t Zшüш2^шphшJpü pшülp фпpЛ.шqhшühpp lnqtfpg: ^2^plühpnil oqшш-qnp&inil hü иЧ pшqlшgпLgp^ l^uhpp qüшhшшшlшüühpü puш ^шт-PJШÜ, püшшüppp, qпp&шpшpühpp U ^^uhpp hш2lшplühpp, npnüp hüшpшlпpпLpJПLÜ hü шш!^ uшhüшühL иЧ lhpшpшшqptfшüü пъцц^шЬ hш-uшpшlпLpJшü шшphlшü püpшgpl ^^uhpp: Ujq фпpЛ.шqpшшlшü qüшhш-шшlшüühpp hшüшÀ.ШJÜ, 20-pq qшpp ^hpghppü иЧ hшüш2^шphшJpü шpdhpp hш2llпLÜ tp $365 шpLÜ, pü^p ^qtfnil tp hшüш2^шphшJpü hшpuшпLpJшü 66%-p: ииЪ иЧ шpdhpp ^qlmü tp $95 шpLÜ hplpp шqqшJpü hшpuшпLpJшü 77%-p, hшüш2^шphшJpü иЧ шpdhpp 26%-p: Эpüшuшшüp иЧ шpdhpp hш2llпLÜ tp $25 шpLÜ, npp ^qtfnil tp hplpp шqqшJpü hшpuшпLpJШü 77%-p hшüш2^шphшJpü иЧ püqшtfhüp 7%-p: ЛпLuшuшшüp иЧ шpdhpp hш2lшpllпLÜ tp $30 шpLÜ, pü^p ^qtfnil tp
1 http://gtmarket.ru/files/article/5282/Human_Capital_The_Content_and_Types_Evaluation_and _Stimulation.pdf
hpkpp mqqmjpU hmpumntpjmU 50%-p ^mJ hmJm2^mphmjpU U4 8%-p:
"^tUp, np U4 gmbp gnLgmUft?Uhpp impmqmjntJ pmpA.p mh^UnLn-qpm^mU nLnpmntJ mUhpmdh2s UhpqpntJUhpp ppmqnpbntJp ¿p ^mpnq m^mhn^h]_ hhmmqmp& qpm^mU mpqjni.Up: Uju impmqmjntJ U4 mhunt-pjmU Jhg mnmU^UmglntJ t pmgmuml^mU U1! hmu^mgntp^ntUp, hpp U4 ^nprnntJ ppm^mUmg^mb UhpqpntJUhpp ¿hU ^mpnqmUntJ mimhnlh m^U-^mL^nq qpm^mU mpqjntUpUhpp: Pmgmum^mU U4 ^ntmm^JmU qnpbntJ qqmLp pmgmum^mU mqqhgnLpjntU ntUhU mjUipup qnpbnUUhp, p^ipupp hU ^nnntigpmU, uslhpmjpU mUmhunLpjni.Up U mqU: ^mpUnp hmpghppg Jh^U tL IhpmphpntJ t U4 pppm^m^npJmUp UhpqpntJUhpp ppmqnpbJmU mnni-Jnl Pmgmum^mU U4 ntqqntpjmJp ppm^mUmg^mb UhpqpntJUhpp, hpp t mp^ntJ ^pphL mjU mUhmsUhppU ^mJ hmumpm^ntpjmU mjU ^Jph-ppU, npnUp pU^mLntUm^ ¿hU ^n^n^nLpjntUUhpp U^mmJmJp U ¿hU ^mpnq smL m^U^mL^nq ^ppm^mU mpqjntUpUhp, ntUhUntJ hU pmgmum^mU U npn2 qh^phpntJ mUqmnUmLp mqqhgntpjntU UqqmjpU U4 ^ntmm^JmU qnpbpU-pmgntJ: Uhp dmJmUm^UhpntJ U4 mhum^Uhppg pm^m^mU mmpmb^mb t mju^hu ^¿^mb iqmupif U^-h, npU mUhpmdh2s UhpqpntJUhpp impmqm-jntJ ¿p ^mpnq m^mhn^hL m^U^mL^nq qpm^mU mqqhgntpjntU hp^pp mUmh-untpjmU qmpqmgJmU ^mJ hmumpm^ntpjmU pmph^hgntpjmU m^mhn^JmU mhumU^jntUpg, pmUp np nhuntpuUhpp ImmUntJ t uh^m^mU Ujntpm^mU imhmUgmp^p pm^mpmphLnt hmJmp:
Uinmilnp Ijmvqpmmi U «niqhqUhpp mpinwhnup»
U2^mphp mnm^mrnmp hp^pUhpntJ qqmLp ^pUmUum^mU JpgngUhp hU hmm^mg^ntJ qpmntpjmU U ^ppntpjmU qmpqmgJmUp: Industrial Research Institute U R&D Magazine muJmqpp ^nqJpg ^hpghpu hpm^mpm^mb «2016p. qpmntpjmU U hhmmqnmnLpjni.UUhpp hmJm2^mphmjpU ^mU^mmh-untJUhpp» (2016 Global R&D Funding Forecast) qh^ntjgntJ JmuUm^npmihu U2lntJ t, np ^hpgpU smppUhppU hmJm2^mphmjpU Jm^mpqm^n^ qpmnt-pjmU U hhmmqnmnLpjntUUhpp ^pUmUum^npJmU bmlmUhpU m^JmU Jp-mntJ ntUhU: Sh^ntjgntJ Uhpmn^mb hU qpmntpjmUp U hhmmqnmnLpjntUUh-ppU ^pUmUum^mU hmm^mgntJUhpp hm2^mp^n^ mnm^mrnmp 40 hp^pUhpp, npnUg gntgm^p q^mlnpntJ t UU"-p: 2014p. UU" qpmntpjmU U hhsmqn-mnLpjntUUhpp hmJm^mnU UhpppU bm^uhpp (GERD-Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D ^mqJhL hU $485 Jjpq 2,78%), 2015p/ $497 Jjpq: 2016p.
qpntpjmJp UUL qpsntpjmU U hhsmqnsnLpjntUUhpp hmJm^mnU UhpppU fcm^uhpp 2h2smlp m^hi hU ImqJhinl 2ntpg $514 Jipq: bplpnpq hnppqnUm-lmUp qpmqhgUntJ t QpUmusmUp, npp qpsntpjmU U hhsmqnsntpjntUUhpp hmJm^mnU UhpppU km^uhpp 2016p. ^mqJhi hU $396 Jipq (TbU 1,98%-p): ^ qhi, QpUmusmUp gntgmUp2Uhpp 2h2smlp m^hi hU ^hpgpU smppUhpp Isp^m&pn^: 2016p. ftntumusmUp qsU^ntJ tp gntgm^p 8-pq hnppqnUm-ImUntJ $51 Jipq (¿"L>U 1,5%): 2016p. ^ntpppmU qh^ntjgp 18-pq hnppqnUm-ImUntJ tp hmJmqmmmu^mUmpmp 2ntpg $14 Jipq (ZLU 0,86%)1:
UpgmqqmjpU qinpmimgJmU imjJmUUhpntJ hmJm2^mphmjpU Jpq-pmgpnU qnpbpUpmgUhpU tm^mU mqqhgnLpjntU hU pnqUntJ mqq-^hsnt-pntUUhpntJ JmpqlmjpU Imipsmip imh^mUJmU U qmpqmgJmU hmpgh-pp ipm: Unm^hi ^Uqpmhmpntjg t hmJm2^mphmjpU JpqpmgpnU hnuphpp mqqhgntpjmU hmJmshpusntJ hplpUhpp U4 U hms^m^hu ^hpgpUp tlinm-i[np Imiqpinmip Intsm^JmU nt IhpmpsmqpJmU hpJUmhmpgp: Ffo^hu gntjg hU smipu JpgmqqmjpU hhsmqnsntpjntUUhpp, qmpqmgnq hplpUhpp pmqmpmlmU IhpUm^m^hpp, npihu ImUnU, intpg ^Uqpp mn^U hU lmUq-UntJ shqp pUml^ntpjmU Jsm^np ^mipsmip Intsm^JmU U qmpqmgJmU qnp&ntJ, pmUp np pmpApnpm^ JmuUmqhsUhppg 2mshpp AqsntJ hU pphUg Jsm^np nhuntpuUhpp UhpqUhi mnm^hi qmpqmgmb U pmph^hgpl Jpgm^mjp ntUhgnq hplpUhpntJ: S^jmi ihsntpjmU U4 U Upm Jsm^np nhuntpuUhpp IhpmpsmqpnqmlmUntpjmU gplip imh^mUJmU qnpbpUpmgp imjJmUm-inplmb t sljmi hplpp pUml^ntpjmU pmphlhgntpjmU pUqhmUntp Jm^mp-qm^nl, mn^m pmqmpmlmU pUuspsntsUhpp ImjmgmbntpjmJp, pU^^hu UmU hmumpmlntpjmU mqqmjpU pmpnjmhnqUnp, mpdhpmpmUm^mU pUqhm-Untp pU^mintJUhpnl U InqJUnp^ntJUhpnl
UmuUmqpsm^mU qpmlmUntpjnLUntJ pm^m^mU 2ms t hmUqpintJ mqqmjpU Jsmilnp Imtqpmmi hmulmgntpjntUp: L^msp t mnU^ntJ sljmi mqq-ihsnLpjntUntJ Jsm^np nhuntpuUhpp mJpnqgntpjntUp (UjntpmlmU U hnqUnp mpqntUpUhpp): "L^hUp, np hmJm2^mphmjpU SS ninpsp pnp^pmAU qmpqmgJmU Uhp^m shJ^hpp imjJmUUhpntJ hms^m^hu ^nghip hU qmpA.hi mqqmjpU Jsm^np ^mipsmip imh^mUntJU nt qmpqmgntJU mnm-2pU hhpppU ^npp mqq-ihsntpjntUUhpp hmJmp: Smpqmgmb hplpUhpp impmqmjntJ mqqmjpU Jsm^np Imipsmi hmulmgntpjmU 2p2mUm^UhpU mnm^hi pUqqplntU hU U UhpmnntJ hU UmU mji hplpUhpntJ mju lmJ mjU ninpsntJ Uhpqplmb pphUg Jsm^np ^mipsmip Jp hms^mbp:
1 Industrial Research Institute. 2016 Global R&D Funding Forecast, http://www.iriweb.org
«Пtltl¡Uhpp wpimuhnup». vqmindmnUhpU m. hhwhmUpUhpp
^hsntpntUpg Jsm^np ^m^psmip «mpsmqmqppU» ^mJ p^ihu pUqntU-imb t JpgmqqmjpU ipm^sp^mjntJ «nLqhqUhpp mpinmlinuppU» (brain drain) ^mpnq hU U^mushi JpgmqqmjpU, p^ihu UmU Uhp^hsm^mU U2m-Um^ntpmU pmqmpm^mU ^mJ sUshum^mU ^msm^LpqJUhpp: Zmumpm-^ntpjmU Jsm^np Uhpntdp mpsmhnupp, npihu ^mUnU, tm^mU mqqhgnt-pjntU t ntUhUntJ simL hp^pp sUshuntpmU qmpqmgJmU, hmumpm^nt-pjmU pmph^hgntpjmU mimhn^JmU hmpghpp ipm: bp^pp sUshuntpjmU qmpqmgJmU hmJmp mhhpmdh2s-l^pplnpl^ml^mh Jsm^np nhuntpuUhpp pmgm^mjntpjntUp ^mpnq t hp^ppp ^mUqUhgUhi sUshum^mU U pmqmpm-^mU Ln^pg ^qUmdmJhpp 2hJpU: Zmumpm^ntpjmU Jsm^np Uhpntdp, LpUhini ihsntpjmU sUshuntpmU qmpqmgJmU ^mpUnpmqntjU Um^m^mjJmUp, spmJmpmUnphU mnmUgpmjpU qhpm^msmpnLpjntU ntUp UmU hp^pp hmhuml^mh ^mtqpinm[p A.UminpJmU U ^ntsm^JmU qnpbntJ: ¿hsUmpmp, hpkppg «ntqhqUhpp mpmmhnupp» qp^ntJ t simL hmumpm^ntpjmUp JpmjU mpdhpm^np U^-pg U, mnm^hi Uu, Upm Jsm^np nhuntpuUhppg, mqU U^musntJ t ^pUmUumlimU mqqmjpU limtqpinm[p qntpuJqJmUU mpshp^pp U qpm UhpqpJmUU mjL hp^pUhpntJ: UpgmqqmjpU ^np&mqpsm^mU qUmhm-mm^mUUhpnl, j ntpmpmUy ntp pmpApnpm^ JmuUmqhsp mpsmqmqpp hh-mUmUpnl ihmntpj mU sUshuntpj mU hmJpUqhmUntp ^npntusUhpp (Jsm-inp, Uj ntpm^mU-^pUmUum^mU), Uhpmnj mL ^nqJUm^p, mbmUgj mL ^npntus-Uhpp, ^mpnq hU qUmhmsihi Jp^U $1 JlU1: FU^hu gni_j g hU smipu Jpgmq-qmj pU hhqpUm^mlnp ^mqJm^hpintpj ntUUhpp (ZmJm2^mphmj pU pmU^, UpdnLj pp Jpgmqqmj pU hpJUmqpmJ U mj lU) ^np&mqpsm^mU qUmhmsm-^mUUhpp, «ntqhqUhpp mpsmhnuppg» qqmipnphU sntdntJ hU hms^m^hu ^npp sUshuntpj mJp qmpqmgnq hp^pUhpp: LpUqup Lnnthip, UimU ipUqipp U tJJm Up ntmppp 2004p. hpm^mpm^mb hpJUmpmp hhsmqnsntpj nt-UntJ (Brain Strain: Optimising Highly Skilled Migration From Developing Countries) ^npA.mqhsUhpp h^mU mj U hqpmhmUqJmU, np pmpA.pmqrn.j U ^ppntpj mU qpmnJ ntUhgnq qphph j ntpmpmU^ ntp 10-pq mUhms, npihu ^mUnU, bU^hi t qmpqmgnq hp^pntJ, pu^ qmpqmgnq hp^pUhpntJ bU^mb qpsUm^mUUhpp U pUdhUhpUhpp 30-50%-p pUm^ntJ U m2^msntJ t m2^mphp qmpqmgmb hp^pUhpntJ2: Uj l si miUhpn^, mj q gntgmUp2Uhpp,
1 http://gtmarket.ru/laboratory/expertize/2008/1653
2 http://gtmarket.ru/laboratory/expertize/2008/1653
imjJmUmlnplmb smpm&m2pgmUmjpU pmqmpm^mU ^mJ sUshum^mU ^np ^qUmdmJhpn^, hmuUntJ hU JpU^U 55-60%-p:
UmuUmqpsm^mU qpulmUntpntUntJ pUqntU^mb t UmU Ippmnhi «nLqhqUhpp ilminhmJ» (brain waste) hmulmgntpntUp, npp hmsnt^ t qmpqmgnq 2nL^mjmlmU hmpmphpntpntUUhp ntUhgnq ihsntpjntUUhppU: Ujq hmu^mgntpntUp pUntpmqpntJ t Jp ppm^p^m^, hpp hp^pp sUshunt-pjntUp ¿p ^mpnqmUntJ mJpnqgntpjmJp Uhpqpm^hi hmumpmlnt^jntUntJ mn^m Jsm^np pninp nhuntpuUhpp, pU^p hhsUmUpn^ Jsm^np Uhpntdp ^Um^npJmU U qmpqmgJmU qnp&ntJ ihsntpjmU ^nqJpg ppm^mUmglmfc hulmjm&mlmi hplmpmdmJ^hs Ujntpm^mU, ^pUmUum^mU UhpqpntJUhpp Jp hmslmfc ntqqm^p «^^pmUntJ» t: «HtqhqUhpp ImsUJmU» hpUntjpp ^mpnq t imjJmUmlnplmb ipUhi sljmi ihsntpjmU m2^msm2nL^mjp umhJmUm^m^ ipUhint hmUqmJmUpnl
«iltqhiitibpp upsuhnupp» quvqUuh lfhluuhpqlfhhpp
Hpn2 qmpqmgnq hp^pUhp mqqmjpU Jsm^np Uhpntdp imh^mUJmU U «ntqhqUhpp mpsmhnupp» qu^JmU U^msm^nl pUqntUhi hU pmpApnpm^ JmuUmqhsUhpp mpsmqmqpp umhJmUm^m^nq ppm^m^mU qpntjpUhp: Um^mjU JpgmqqmjpU ^npAp gntjg t smipu, np UJmU umhJmUm^mlntJUhpU mjUpmU ti mpqjntUmlhs ¿hU «ntqhqUhpp mpsmhnupp» ^mU^JmU hmJmp U, npihu ^mUnU, ihsntpjntUUhppU hmUqhgUntJ hU sUshum^mU nt pmqmpm-lmU mnm^hi ^nppmjpU ^UqppUhpp mn^U: ZmpgU mjU t, np «ntqhqUhpp mpsmhnupp» Jpm^mUm^ ¿p hUpmqpntJ pmpApnpm^ JmuUmqhsUhpp $pqp-^m^mU mpsmqmqp hp^ppg: Lhp^m shqh^mslmlmU-hhnmhmqnpqmlgm-lmU sh^UnpqpmUhpp hUmpmlnpntpntU hU smipu Jsm^np nhuntpuUhpp Intsmlhi ^mJ UhpqUhi mji hp^pUhpp sUshum^mU JpgmlmjpntJ mnmUg Jsm^np Uhpntdp ^pqp^m^mU mpsmqmqpp: Ujntu ^nqJpg, «ntqhqUhpp mpsmhnupp» hhs mju ^mJ mjU ¿m^n^ pm^lmfc qmpqmgnq hp^pUhppg 2m-shpp ^npAmJ hU ppm^m^mU, sUshum^mU pmph^n^ntJUhpp Jpgngn^ hp^pntJ sUshum^mU-pmqmpmlmU qpm^mU Jpgmlmjp mimhn^hi mqqmjpU Jsm^np ^mipsmip qmpqmgJmU Uimsm^n^: frUqpp ^mpqmlnpJmU hpJUm^mU smpphpm^Uhppg Jh^p IhpmphpntJ t mju^hu ^¿^mfc «nqhq-Uhpp pnJumhmljJmh» hpUntjppU, npp hmJmAmjU sljmi ihsntpjntUp ^npAmJ t ph Ihpmqmp^Uhi mqqmjpU Jwmilnp Imtqpinmjpp, mji osmp hplpp lmJ hplpUhpp hhs ppm^mUmgUhi Jsm^np nhuntpuUhpp ^n^mUm^-
JmU bpmqphp: Um^mjU, p smpphpntpjntU mqqmjpU Jsm^np ^mqpsmjp, mjL hp^pUhpp hhs Jsm^np nhuntpuUhpp ^n^mUm^JmU bpmqphpp, npqhu ^mUnU, ¿hU ^mpnqmUntJ mqmhnihL sUshunt^jntUntJ osmphp^pjm Jsm-inp Uhpntdp UhpqpmintJpg m^U^miinq mpqjntUpUhpp, npp hpJUm^mU qms^mnUhppg hU osmphp^pjm Jsm^np ^mqpsmjp UhpqpJmU pmpAp Imp&mspnLpjmU ^pUmUum^mU qmhmUgUhpp: HhpgpU hmUqmJmUpU mnm^hi pUnpn2 t qmpqmgmb hp^pUhppg qhqp qmpqmgnq sUshuntpjni.UUhp osmphp^pjm Jsm^np ^mqpsmjp UhpqpmiJmU qhqphppU:
Smpqmgnq hp^pUhpntJ hm^m^ ^mphjp t hmUqpqhi mqqmjpU Jsm-inp ^mqpsmjp UhpqpJmU Jh^ mjL smpmb^mb Jnqhip, npp JpgmqqmjpU qpm^sp^mjntJ hmjsUp t npqhu «niqhqUhpp mpinmlimUnLiI» (brain export) ^mJ «niqhqUhpp 2P2mhmnnl.p]nl.h» (brain circulation)1: Cus mjq Jnqhip, simL ihsnt^jntUntJ ushqbhini shqm^mU ^ppm^mU hpJUmqpmJ U Uhp-qpmihini mqqmjpU JmuUm^np (hmqimqhq UmU qhsm^mU) $pUmUum-^mU qqmip ^mqpsmi mqqmjpU Jsm^np nhuntpuUhpp Jp hms^mb nLqmp^inLJ t mpshp^pp ntuntgJmU, Ihpmnpm^minpJmU Uqmsm^ni UnqhiU pp mngU ^Uqpp t qUntJ ntuntgJmU mp^jntUpntJ mpshp^ppg ihpm-qmpAUhi Unp qpshipfUhp U hJsntpjni.UUhp Ahnp phpmb, ihpmqmspmu-sntJ mUgmb mqqmjpU Jsm^np Uhpntdp mjq hms^mbp U mjU UhpqUhini shqp sUshunL^jntUntJ usmUmi m^U^miinq pmpAp mpqjntUmihsnL-pjntU: Um^mjU qmpqmgnq hp^pUhpntJ mju Jnqhip hpJUm^mUntJ Am^nq-IntJ t, pmUp np mjq Jsm^np Uhpntdp ^U2nq JhbmJmuUnLpjntUp, npqhu ^mUnU, ¿p ihpmqmnUntJ hmjphUpf, Um^pUspntJ t pp JmuUmqpsm^mU hUmpminpnLpjntUUhpp UhpqUhi mnm^hi pmph^hgp^ hp^pntJ U qpmUni pu^ «^n2pmgUntJ» t mqqmjpU Jsm^np ^mipsmjp ^ppntpjmU mqmhniJmU ipm Uhpqpimb hu^mjmbm^mi mqqmjpU ^pUmUum^mU U Ujntpm^mU JpgngUhpp: «HLqhqUhpp 2p2mUmnntpjmU» Jnqhip ^mpnq t mpqjntUmihs LpUhi qi^minpmihu qmpqmgmb sUshunLpjntUUhp ntUhgnq hp^pUhpp qm-pmqmjntJ, npnUp, Jp ^nqJpg, hUmpminpnLpjntU hU usmUntJ qmpqmgUhint mpshp^pntJ pphUg mqqmjpU Jsm^np ^mqpsmip U pmpApmgUhint IhpgpUpu imp^mUp2p, Jjntu ^nqJpg mJpmqUqnLJ hU hmJmqnpbm^gnt-pjntUU mpshp^pp Jsm^np Uhpntdp hhs: Qmpqmgmb hp^pUhpp, npshq qpsntpjmU U hhsmqnsnLpjntUUhpp ipm bm^u^ntJ hU qqmip $pUmUum-^mU JpgngUhp, ^mpnqmUntJ hU qpmip¿ Jpgm^mjp mqmhnihi mpshp^ppg osmpmqqp Jsm^np ^mqpsmip UhpqpJmU hmpgntJ, npU mnm^hi hmjsUp
1 http://gtmarket.ru/laboratory/expertize/2008/1653
t mjuihu «nLqhqhhpp hhphnup» (brain gain) hmulmgntpjmJp: Ups-
hplppg «ntqhqUhpp Uhphnupp» m^uhn^JmU hmpgntJ qqmip hmgnqnt-pjntUUhp hU mpAmUmqphi Upmgjmi LmhmUqUhpp, ^mUmqmU, hipn^m^mU mnmgmsmp hplpUhpp (O-hpJmUpm, Uh& PppsmUpm):
Zujuuwuhp dupqljuph U uqqujpU dwui[np Jjutqpwuiji
ZmjmusmUntJ U4 hmpgp hhs Imiimfc mn^m hU p^ihu pmUmlmlmU, mjUihu ti npm^m^mU intpg ^UqppUhp: ^¿ihu hmusmsntJ hU ip^m^m-qpm^mU sijmiUhpp, ZmjmusmUpg JmpqlmjpU nhuntpuUhpp U hms^m^hu ntqhqUhpp ImjntU mpsmhnupp hpJUmhmpgp Ippmplmlmh ^mUmlnt-pjntU ntUp hplpp mUismUqntpjmU shumUljntUpg: Ujntu InqJpg, hplppp ImUqUhi t pmpApnpml ImqpmjpU nhuntpuUhpp p^mpmUmlp UimqmqntjU 2hJp mimhniJmU ^Uqpp mn^U: HtUhUmini umhJmUm^ml Jsm^np U4 hplpntJ 2h2smqpntJUhpp ImsmpintJ hU sUshuntpjmU mjUipup £jnt-qhpp qmpqmgJmU ipm, npnUp, npihu ImUnU, ¿hU imhmUgntJ Jsminp-ushq&mqnp&mlmU nhuntpuUhp: Tm hU ^musntJ JpgmqqmjpU hhqpUmlm-inp implmUp2mjpU lmqfmlhpцnLpjnLUUhpp ^np&mqpsmlmU qUmhm-smlmUUhpp (oppUml, «2m^nqim& hplpUhpp pUqhpup» qhlntjgp), npnUg hmJmAmjU ZmjmusmUntJ Jsm^np nhuntpuUhpp ImjntU mpsmhnuppU qntqmhhn, qqmip nL2mqpnLpJnLU t qmpAintJ u^mumplJmU U mpsm-qpnqmlmU &mnmJnLpjnLUUhpp ninpsUhpp qmpqmgJmUp: QntUhUmini pUmlmU ^n2np U hlmJsmphp nhuntpuUhp ZmjmusmUntJ ti m^hip t 2h2-smqpintJ U4 Jsminp-ushqbmqnpbmlmU inshUgpmip qmpqmgJmU hpJUmhmpgp npihu hplpp pmphlhgntpjmU mimhniJmU ImpUnp hpm2^pp: "bJmU ppmip^mlntJ pm^mlmU untp t qpimfc U4 IntsmlJmU U hhsmqm ihpmpsmqpnqmlmUntpjmU hmpgp, npp nLqqnLpJmfp mUhpm-dh2s t A.hnUmplhi hpmsmq lnL&nLf imhmUgnq hmJmpdhp U JpUUntjU dmJmUml usmUqmps IppmnmlmU pmjihp:
FUlhu ihpp U2ihg, «ntqhqUhpp mpsmhnupU» mnm^hi ^nghip t hmslmihu qmpqmgnq U ^npp bmimiUhpp 2ntlmjmlmU sUshuntpjmJp hplpUhpp hmJmp, p^ipupU UmU ZmjmusmUU t: ^mphip t hmummsmqtu muhi, np ^nphpqmjpU Impqhpp dmJmUmlm2P2mUntJ ZmjmusmUp Jsm-inp UhpntdU ppmihu ntUhgmi pnp^pmjpU qmpqmgntJ, pU£p mp^jntUpntJ ^nphpqmjpU mJpnqg smpm&pntJ ZmjmusmUp KUZU Jsm^np-qpsmlmU Imipsmip hmJpUqhmUntp JmuUmpmdUntJ Unul^mjpg hhsn mpAmUm-qpntJ tp imimqntjU gntgmUp2Uhpp HtlpmpUmjp U Phimnntup InqppU:
ftinphpqmj]ü ^mpqhp] liniqniIp fcnppmj]ü mqqhgnipjniü pnqhg ümU Zmjmummü] mqqmj]ü ^m^np Цшщ]шш|] щшhщшüIшü ^pm: U^]qp mnmb qmpmpmqjmü щшшhpшqIp, 0mpp]mj] U Uqpphgmü] Цпц!]д Zm-]шuшшü] pmqmpm^mü U шüшhuшЦшü 2Pgmlm^niIü tшщhu ^pmühg]ü ZшJШUШШÜ]g «niqhqühp] шpшшhnupp», ]ü¿] hhшUшüpn^ hp^]pp ^müq-ühg pmqmpm^mü U шüшhuшЦшü áqümdml] mn^U:
Lhp^mjnil Uu ZшJШuшшüp ^müqümb t mqqmj]ü ^m^np Цшщ]шш|] Цп1шшЦ1шЬ U ^hpшpшшqpIшü inipg faüqp] mn^U, npü mpqh]_m^niI t hp^pni! ]pm^mümg^nq pmqmpm^mü, шüшhuшЦшü pmphln^nilühp] qnpbpüpmgp: Ujniu Цпц1]д, ZшJШuшшünlI q^nipimü п^^ш] щЬшшЦшЬ U Imuüm^np ф]üшüuш^пpIшü pm^m^mü gmbp gnigmü]2ühpü ]phüg hhpp]ü üщшuшhg]ü hp^pni! ^m^np Цшщ]шш|] Ih^ mjL ^mpUnp hшш-^mb] qnipulqlmüp цЬщ] hp^p] шüшhuпlp]шü n¿ Iшш^np-uшhцbшqnp-bm^mü qnpbniühnipjmü цш2ш, h]Iüm^müniI шnUшp] U hmüpmj]ü bm-nmjnipjniüühp] uщшuшpЦIшü щnpшühp: Uшuüшq]шшЦшü qpm^müni-pjniüni! mju hpUnijpü mnm^h hш]шü] t npщhu «niqhqhhpp hhppph mpmmhnup», hpp фп^пи! t n¿ ph hp^]pp, mjL qnpbniühnipjmü pünijpp Цш! I]gm^mjpp:
ZZ Uqqmj]ü ^]ám^mqpm^mü bmnmjnipjmü шфшLÜhp] hmlmámjü, ZшJШuшшünlI q^m^mü hhшшqпшпlp]пlüühp U ^m^nilühp Цшшшpпq ЦшqIшЦhpщпlp]Пlüühp] ш2^шшпqühp] p^mpmüm^p 2015p. qpnipjmlp ^mqlni! tp püqmIhüp 5044 q]шш2^шшпq, np]g 4164-p hhшшqпшпqühp U шh^ü]Цühp t]ü, lümgmbp odmüqm^ müáüm^mql: td^mp t ¿hmImÁ.mjühi_, np mju gnigmü]2ühpp, IhqI mumb, pm^m^mü hшIhuш hü U, qdpш^шш-pmp, hmImhniü¿ hü hp^pni! q]шпlp]шü qmpqmgImü ühp^m шhIщhp]ü: bü^hu gnijg t шш^Мц hшIhIшшшЦшü ^]ám^mqpnipjniüp, q^m^mü hh-шшqпшпlp]пlüühp U I2m^nilühp Цшшшpпq ЦшqIшЦhpщпlp]Пlüühp] Ш2-^шшпqühp] p^mpmüm^p ^hpg]ü шшp]ühp]ü ü^mqlmü 1]шпи! t mpA.m-ümqph^: bph 2011p. n|npшnlI ühpqpm^mb tp 2nip2 5718 q]шш2^шшпq, ]u^ 2013p. 5230, шщш 2015р., ]ü^hu mpqhü Ü2^hg, q^m^mü hhшшqп-шпlp]пlüühp U I2m^nilühp Цшшшpпq ЦшqIшЦhpщпlp]Пlüühp] Ш2^ш-шпqühp] p^mpmüm^p hm2^niI tp 5044: 'L^hüp ÜmU, np 2014p. qpmüg^h t gnigmü]2] 2Ь2шшЦ] má 5627, npp ^pni^ ü^mqh^ t mpqhü hmgnpq шшp^ш mpqjniüpühpni!1:
1 http ://armstat.am/fLle/dGc/99499403.pdf
Ч. ЧhpшhJшh
<21 -pq Т-ПГ», ppii 3 (73), 2017p.
2009p. ppшЦшüшglш& Gallup ungpnlnqpшЦшü hшpgtfшü шpqjnLÜpüh-pp hшtfшÀ.ШJÜ, шpшhpЦpnLtf dшtfшüшЦшlnp ш2^шшшüpp, ntunigU^ü Цшй Ü2шшЦшü püшЦnLpJnLÜ hшuшшшhlnL gшüЦnLpJnLÜ hшJшüшЬ pшqшpшgp-ühpp шtfhüшpшpÀ.p gnLgшüp2Ühpp U^Z шшpш&pnl.tf шpÀ.шüшqplhl hü ZшJШuшшüp щшpшqшJnLÜ: ZшJШuшшüp hhw tfшuшtfp hшtfшqphlp hü Unp qn^mjp шpqjnLÜpühpp: Uju^hu, шpшhpЦpnLÜ dшtfшüшЦшlnp ш2^шшшüp qwühini hшtfшp шpшhpЦpp шhqшфn^lhlnL щшшpшuшшЦшtfnLpJnLÜ t hшJшühl ZшJШuшшüp püшЦ¿nLpJшü 44%-p, ntunigU^ü üщшшшЦnl püшЦ-¿nLpJшü 39%-p: ZüшpшlnpnLpJшü qh^pniU шpшhpЦpnl.tf Ü2шшщhu püшЦ-ihini gшüЦnLpJnLÜ t hшJшühl ZшJШuшшüp püш^¿nLpJшü 39%-p1:
Sшpphp hp^pühp hшuшpшЦnLpJшü ^шш^^ nhunipuühpp qшpqшg-U^ü qnp&nttf ühpqpшlhl hü üшU pphüg uфJnLnpp ^шш^^ hüшpшlnpnL-pjniüühpp: ZшJШuшшüü Ш2^шphp uшЦшlшppl hp^pühppg t, npü niüp pшlшЦшü шqqhgpЦ uфJnLnp: ^nphpqшJpü ^pqhpp фlnLqnLÜpg hhwn ZшJШuшшünLÜ шqqшJpü ^шш^^ Цш^шшф qшpqшgtfшü hшpgnLtf hp^pp p2^шünLpJnLÜühpp шшpphp &pшqphpp 2P2ШüшЦühpnl.tf фnpЛ.hl hü ühpqühi üшU hшJЦшЦшü uфJnLnpp ^шш^^ nhunipuühpp: UфJnLnpp ^шш^^ ühpnidp ünijüihu hшJnLpJшü шqqшJpü ^шш^^ Цш^шшф ЦшpUnpшqnLjü pшqЦшgnLgp¿ U^uü t: ZшJШUШШÜp ^üqppü t Цшpnqшüшl hp^pniU ЛЬш^^^ pшphüщшuш Up^i^jp hшJnLpJшü ^шш^^ Цш^шшф ühp-hnupp шщшhnlüшü U шpqjnLÜшlhш ühpqpU^ü qnp&püpшgp hшüшp: Upü¿U ihpgpü шшuüшÜJшЦühpü шnhшuшpшЦ Up2шqqшJpü щpшЦшpЦш-jnttf, npihu ^ünü, uфJnLnp-щhшnLpJnLÜ фn^hшpшphpnLpJnLÜühpp hш-U^whpuwnttf шnш2ÜШJpü Ü2ШüшЦnLpJnLÜ t wpihi фpüшüuшЦшü шqqшJpü Цш^шшф ЦnLшшЦüшüp npihu hp^pp шüшhunLpJшü qшpqшgüшü ЦшpUnpшqnLJÜ ÜШ^ШЩШJÜШÜ: 4hpgpü шшuüшÜJшЦühpnLÜ, щшJÜшüшlnp-imfc üшU qpшшшh^ünlnqpшЦшü 2h2ШшЦp шnш2püpшgp whU^hpn^, шuшpáшüшpшp шnш2ÜшЦшpq Ü2ШüшЦnLpJnLÜ t uшшünLÜ uфJnLnpp ^шш^^ Цш^шшщ npihu Ш^Ш! щhшnLpJшü qшpqшgüшü qpшlшЦшü: Uju шhuшü^jnLÜpg, hшJЦшЦшü uфJnLnpü ppшщhu pшgшnnLpJnLÜ ¿t, pшüp np qhnUu Uhb Ü2ШüшЦnLpJnLÜ hüp шш!^ hшJЦшЦшü hшüшJÜpühpp n¿ ШJÜpшü ^шш^^, nppшü фpüшüuшЦшü Цш^шшф ühpqpшlüшüp ¿ШЛШ^ шшüp шüшhunLpJшü qшpqшgüшü qnpbpü: ^hwp t ü^whp np phU hшJШu-ШШÜJШÜ ppшЦшünLpJnLÜnLÜ hшJЦшЦшü uфJnLnpp ^шш^^ nhunipuühpp
1 http://www.gaIlup.com/poll/141746/million-cis-migratetemporarily-work-study.aspx
21-pi] tur», рМ 3 (73), 2017р.
4.4hpmbjmh
ühpqpImü qnpbpüpmgp ф]üшüuшЦшü Цшщ]шш|] hmImqpnipjmlp mühm-1Ь1шш pmpq t U ^nppmj]ü, um^mjü qpm ]pmgImü щшpшqш]nlI mjü ^mpnq t hüpmqph]_ mpqjniüpühp] pmpÀp шpqJnlüш^hшnlpJnlü
U hpЦшpшdшIЦhш hhnmü^mpühp:
Z]Iüm^mü hmpghp]g Ih^ü tl_ mjü t, np phU hmj^m^mü uljninpp ш]pшщhшnlI t qqmj] ^m^np Цшщ]шш|], um^mjü mjuop pm^m^mü
л a
pmpq t umhImüh]_ ^mI huшшЦhgühL mjq ^m^np Цшщ]шш|] n p Imuü t hmImp^niI mqqmj]ü, npp n¿: bhmp^h, mnmg]ü hmjmgp]g U, phpUu, pjnip]Imgmpmp ^mphj] t hшuшшшhL, np mqqmj]ü ^m^np Цшщ]шш|] mjq hmm^mb] ^pnqühpp Ihp hmjphüm^]gühpü hü, hhшUшpшp ЦшщМшшщ ünLjüщhu hmj^m^mü t: Ujü qhщpnlI, hpp ш^шЬц mnmgümj]ü ^üq]pp щшpqhLÜ t, ph nppmün^ t hmj^m^mü uljninp] ^m^np ЦшщМшшщ Imu-üm^gniI Zmjmummü] U hmImjü hmjnipjmü mqqmj]ü ^m^np Цшщ]шш|] ^^m^ImÜ U qmpqmgImü qnpb]ü: tdpш^шшpшp, щЬшр t mpÁ.mümqph]_, np uljninpmhmjnipjmü ^m^np Цшщ]шш|] Ihb hшш^шbp ühpqp^niI t püm^nipjmü hp^p] шüшhunlp]nlüühpnlI, U phpUu pm^m^mü p]¿ bm^mjü t pmd]ü hmuüniI Zmjmummü] ni hmjnipjmü mqqmj]ü ЦшщМшш^МЬ:
üm^mjü mju hmpgniI Цш ümU hniumqpnq qnpbnü, mjü t ]ü^hu mpqhü ü2hg]üp, Ihpopjm шhqhЦшш^шЦшü-hhnшhшqnpqшЦgшЦшü шЬ^-ünjnq]mühp] mnmgpüpmgp Ihb hümpm^npnipjniüühp t шш^^ цЬщ] Zш]шuшшü шpшhpЦp] hmj^m^mü hmImjüpühp] ^m^np Цшщ]шш|] ühp-hnup] шщшhn^Iшü hmpgniI mnmüg mjq ^m^np ЦшщМшшщ ^pnqühp] $]q]4m^mü ühpqmqp]: Uju niqqnipjmIp шühpшdh2ш hümpm^np qnpbüm-ЦшЬ pmjj_hp]g щЬшр t hmImphj_ hш]шuшшü]шü U шpшhpЦp] hmj^m^mü hmImjüpühp] I]gU q]шшшh^ün|nq]шЦшü, ^ppm^mü hшIшшhq I]güm-dшIЦhш, hpЦшpшdшIЦhш bpmqphp] (hhnmhmp niunigniI, ühpqpniIühp SS n^npшnLI U mjjü) üm^mÁ-hnüniIp, npp ^mhmqpqn] mnmg]ü hhpp]ü uljninp] Ihp hmjphüm^]gühp]ü ]phüg q^m^mü, ^ppm^mü ЦшщМшшщ Imuüm^]nphü niqqhj_ Zш]шuшшü] шüшhunlp]шü qmpqmgImüp:
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21 щ ТПГ», рЩ 3 (73), 2017р.
ииПтЧИЗЬЪ ЪЧ USU4nr 4U^bSUL ^иичибПЬ^ЗПЬЪЪЬГЬ спьга
ЧшрЬЬ ЧЬршЬ/шЬ
ШфпфшдЩр
ZhmmqnrnnLpjnLhnLj th цЬшпър]шЬ ^шрц^шфЬ ^шщЩтшф h
^шш^пр ntuntpuhtpp щшhщшhtfшh h qшpqшgtfшh njnpmp hptf^^hqpphtpp U Jшршшhрш4tрUtрp: ии^рш^шрЛ. t ^штшр^пЫ шqqш]ЩU ^шрц^шфЬ h ^шш^пр ^шцЩшш^ hшu^шgntрjnthhtpЩh np^tu hшuшpш^ntрjшh pmpt^t-дпър]шЬ шщшhn^tfшh ^шphnpшqntjh tpш2^ЩpЩ: ^пшшрши^пШ th ЬшЬ ¿ш]шишшЬпъ^ «ntqtqhtpp шpmшhnupЩ», шqqш]Щh ^шш^пр ^шщЩтшф щшhщшhtfшh U ^ршртшцрп^ш^шЬпър^и шщшhn^tfшh hшpgtpp:
О ПОНЯТИЯХ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЙ И ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫЙ КАПИТАЛ
Карен Веранян
Резюме
В исследовании представлены задачи и вызовы, стоящие перед государством в плане сохранения и развития человеческого капитала и интеллектуальных ресурсов. Понятия «национальный человеческий капитал» и «интеллектуальный капитал» рассматриваются в качестве важнейшей гарантии обеспечения благополучия общества. Освещаются также вопросы «утечки мозгов» из Армении, сохранения и обеспечения воспроизводства национального интеллектуального капитала.
REGARDING THE CONCEPTS OF HUMAN AND INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL
Karen Veranyan
Resume
The research addresses issues and challenges of maintaining and developing human capital and intellectual resources of the country. The concepts of national human and intellectual capital are discussed, as crucial means to ensure the well-being of the society. Problems of brain-drain in Armenia, preservation and reproduction of the national intellectual capital are reviewed.
