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4УДК 796 Sylapov Ch., Rejepov G., Bayramova Ch.
Sylapov Ch.
Turkmen State Institute of Physical Culture and Sports (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Rejepov G.
Turkmen State Institute of Physical Culture and Sports (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Bayramova Ch.
Turkmen State Institute of Physical Culture and Sports (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
PSYCHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF SPORTS ACTIVITY AND ITS FEATURES
Аннотация: this article provides a brief overview of the psychological structure and characteristics of sports activity. It also talks about the factors that affect the psychology of athletes.
Ключевые слова: athletes, psychological preparation, goal, motive, method, result, physical training, self-training.
The psychological structure of sports activity is one of the central problems of sports psychology. The general psychological structure of any activity, including sports, can be represented by the following scheme: goal - motive - method - result.
1. Goal is a subjective image of the expected result of an activity, towards which actions are aimed. The goal acts as a regulator of activity, influencing the choice of specific means to achieve the desired result. Goals are always conscious and are the result of mental work, during which the athlete tries to resolve the
contradiction between the requirements of the activity, on the one hand, and his own capabilities, abilities to adapt to these conditions and requirements, on the other.
2. Motive - an incentive to a certain activity (encourages a person to achieve a goal). Sports activity, like any other, is always multi-motivated. The motive is always the experience of something personally significant for the athlete. In the structure of sports activity, the block of motivation for sports activity performs the following functions: a) is a trigger mechanism for activity, b) maintains the required level of activity during training and competitive activities, c) regulates the content of activity, the use of various means of activity to achieve the desired results.
3. Methods of sports activity. These include the means of achieving it: actions and operations that form the technique and tactics of the chosen sport. Action is a relatively completed element of activity aimed at achieving a certain intermediate goal. An operation is a way of performing an action. For example: high jump (scissors, crossover).
4. The results of sports activities are considered in a narrow and broad sense. In a narrow sense, these are specific sporting achievements expressed in seconds, meters, points, etc., places taken, records, qualifications and athlete titles. In a broad sense, the results of sports activities are associated with the influence of sports on the development of man and society (biological, pedagogical, psychological, social effects). The biological result characterizes the changes that have occurred in the body at the physiological level (increased muscle mass, physical development, health). The pedagogical result characterizes the properties and personality traits that are formed in the athlete as a result of training and upbringing. The psychological result characterizes changes in the athlete's psyche (development of mental processes, formation of the emotional-volitional and motivational sphere of the personality). The social result characterizes changes in the athlete's social status, his position in society, environment, financial situation (social status, behavior style, etc.).
A special place in the psychological support of sports activity is occupied by motivation that encourages a person to play sports. The motivation block is formed
by the needs, motives and goals of sports activities. Need, or a person's feeling of need for something, means an imbalance with the environment. Psychologically, this is always associated with the emergence of internal tension, more or less pronounced discomfort, which can only be gotten rid of by satisfying the corresponding need. That is why any need awakens the so-called search activity aimed at finding a way to satisfy it. A person can choose any method from those that he knows, but in reality the scope of his choice is limited by specific living conditions. Sometimes life circumstances themselves push you to choose a certain path. And then the choice occurs as if by itself, without a clear awareness of the process. Often this is how, spontaneously, the choice of sports activity occurs as a way of satisfying first, perhaps only one, and then a whole complex of needs.
Motive is an impulse to perform a certain activity, to satisfy a need in a certain way. If need is a source of activity, then motives give this activity a certain direction and keep a person within a given path. Motives make it possible to understand why certain goals are set and an unquenchable desire to achieve them develops. Sports activities are characterized by a wide variety of motives.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Nunnaev H.K. - Theory of Sports, TSPS, Ashgabat 2011;
2. Magazine "Health" - No. 3 (492), Ashgabat, 2023
