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21Ученые записки Крымского федерального университета имени В. И. Вернадского Филологические науки. Том 1 (67). № 1. 2015 г. С. 115-118.
УДК 7.071.1:061"1923/1932" (477.75)
THE PROCESS OF TEENAGERS' ETHNIC SOCIALIZATION
Valeeva L. K., Luchinkina I. S.
Crimean Federal University named after V. I. Vernadsky, Simferoрol E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Ethnic socialization peculiarities including the ethnic identity factor of the Crimean adolescents from ethnically mixed marriages are under review; also the positive correlation of ethnic identity type with coefficient of an intellectual activity and social flexibility is marked out.
Ethnic socialization, at this stage, is one of the most important problem relating to the Crimean population, since the process of ethnic cultural socialization is the part of total personality socialization, which includes cultural individual formation in the course of ethno-social functions acquisition and interethnic relation culture accepted in multinational society. Both home and western literature consider ethnic identity because of ethnic socialization process. In the course of ethnic cultural identification an individual accepts, reinforces and reproduces both behavior and communication models, pointing to its belonging to a certain ethnic cultural community.
However, children from ethnically mixed marriages appear to be in the situation of making a choice between two cultures or sometimes even more cultures and that influences on their ethnic identity formation. Taking into account the multinational population of the Crimean area, the actuality of the problem of ethnically mixed marriages children, ethnic identification must be highlighted.
Key words: ethnic socialization, ethnic identity, adolescents, intellectual activity, social plasticity, enculturation, ethnic self-consciousness, ethnic socialization.
INTRODUCTION
In the context of ethnic socialization problem the following authors: V.U. Khotinets, H.P. Belinskaya were conducting the research. Russian psychologists conducted numerous studies: V.G. Krisko, V.N. Pavlenko,
L.G. Pochebut, E.A. Sarakuiev, G.U. Soldatova (problems of ethnic socialization andpersonality identity); S.A. Talgin (methodology of ethnopsychology); V.S. Ageev, T.G. Stefanenko (interethnic mechanisms); A.G. Asmolov, S.N. Yenikolopov, E.I. Shliagina were engaged in the study of an actual ethnopsychological status; A.O. Boronoiev, E.M. Galkina, O.L. Romanova, V.F. Petrenko investigated ethnic identity structure.
Some researchers note the interethnic marriage effect on a child identity, both ethnic and ethnocultural (E.P. Belinskaya, M.N.Rutkevich, I.A.Snezhkova, T.G.Stefanenko).The formation problem of a child ethnic identity is regarded from two points of view: marginality (V.A.Kirsanov, R.E.Park, E.Stonequist); biethnicity (G.Berry, E.M.Galkina, A.A. Susokolov). However, the formation problem of the child ethnic identity from mixed marriage families in a multicultural society has been studied insufficiently so far. As a fact, the personality peculiarities of children from mixed marriage families are still beyond the focus of studying.
The objective of the study. Ethnic identity peculiarities as an ethnic socialization factor of adolescents from ethnically mixed marriages.
The main context of the study. The analysis of the main scientific sources on the problem of ethnic socialization formation, which includes enculturation process, and adoption of cultural experience by the adolescents facilitated the conclusion that ethnic socialization is one of the main parts of total socialization. Also, along with ethnic socialization such types of socialization as religious, professional, political, etc. can be investigated [1].
Thus, according to M.D. Kherscovits, enculturation and socialization processes proceed simultaneously but their functions are different. The author considers that socialization is the process of entering social life by a personality, perceiving and accepting the regulations of that social organism [9]. M.D. Kherskovits stresses that enculturation process includes the following aspects: language acquisition, cultures, traditions, ethnocultural customs of the society to which an individual belongs to [9].
Ethnic socialization has been taking place in the whole course of a human life as it has its dynamics, being different at different stages of human development, but the period of adolescence is considered to be one of the most important one(criticism manifestation, interpersonal relations formation, capability to perceive ethnic norms).Some home researchers point out 2 types of ethnic socialization monoethnic without implying external factors influencing on ethnic conflict formation in a child and multiethnic one [1]. Ethnic socialization of adolescents promotes the ethnicity formation which nowadays both at personality and group levels continues to fulfill a number of functions : (existing in social environment according to the norms and regulations),informative (studying history, traditions, culture of the own ethnos), psychological(correlation to a certain ethnic environment, perceiving themselves as members of a certain ethnocultural group), instrumental(interaction capability), motivating (development of the positive qualities by integrating into social life).
Ethnicity as one of the targeted result of ethnic socialization has he following scheme
[4]:
1) shared ideas about common territorial and historical origin, common national language, common typical peculiarities of material and spiritual culture;
2) the formation and acceptance of general facts about nation;
3) the feeling of being different that is the awareness of belonging to a certain
group.
In our study we suggest that ethnicity is the correlation of ethnic group members with each other through the following common norms, regulations and traditions. According to V.U. Khotinets, ethnic socialization is a process of cultural, social personality integration into social environment. The author considers that the result of ethnic socialization is adolescent ethnic self-consciousness formation [10].
G. U. Soldatova, T .G.Stefanenko in their works mark out 3 aspects of ethnic self-consciousness: conceptual (ethnic identity), emotional (values and essence experienced by the adolescents being the part of the ethnocultural society) and behavioral (value orientations) [7; 8].
Thus, taking into consideration that a conceptual aspect of the ethnic self -consciousness is ethnic identity, it is possible to conclude that ethnocultural identification of adolescents is one of the targeted stages of ethnic socialization formation.
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THE PROCESS OF TEENAGERS' ETHNIC SOCIALIZATION
Our idea is that ethnicity is identifying oneself to this or that ethnic group and consequently, finding out both ethnic differentiating and similar characteristics with own ethnic group- a result of ethnic socialization.
To understand the process of personality ethnic identity formation it is necessary to find out what determines the process of ethnic identification. In social-psychological literature, the following determinants are marked out:
1) sociological determinants, namely: parents' ethnic belongings, place of birth, language, culture; 2)social-psychological determinants: cognitive(ethnic awareness, knowledge, reflection); cognitive (need-motivational state of mind - willingness, intentions, preferences, interests); emotive (experiences, evaluations, feelings).Self-awareness as the subject of ethnic relations is becoming a central component of ethnic consciousness of an individual. Researchers in the structure of ethnic identity mark out three main components - cognitive (knowledge, understanding of the peculiarities of their own group and self-awareness of its members on the basis of ethnodifferentiating signs), affective (evaluation of the quality of the own group, the attitude towards membership, the significance of the membership), the behavioral component - understanding it as a real mechanism not only awareness, but also manifestation of oneself as a member of a certain group, "building a system of relations and actions in different ethno-sociable situations [4]
[7].
According to G. U. Soldatova, S. V. Rizhova, there are following types of ethnic identity: ethnonihilism (departure from the own ethnic group); ethnic indifference(the blurring of ethnic identity)norm ( combination of positive attitude towards the own nation with positive one to other ones);(tension and irritation in the process of communication with the representatives of other ethnic groups); ethnic isolation(belief in superiority of the own nation); ethnofanatizm (recognition of the priority of ethnic rights of nation over the rights of an individual) [7].
Scientific analysis showed the following:
- ethnic socialization - a process of cultural and social integration of an individual in society, identification with the selected ethnocultural group; development of culture, language, history and traditions of a certain ethnic group / ethnic groups.
-the following processes are the results of the ethnic socialization: ethnicity (adhering oneself to each member and with the whole ethnic group), ethnic consciousness (awareness of culture, the relationship itself with the culture, the integration of his personality to the culture), which includes ethnic identity;
- ethnic identity is a final process of ethnic socialization and considered to be a cognitive-emotive formation:
a) submission of the group and its members, as well as the fact that it allows a person to be considered a member of this group - its ethnodifferentiating and ethnic integration features expressed in stereotypes, and in fact, that is an image;
b) Perceiving oneself as a member of a definite group, that is as corresponding completely or not to the image typical of this group; and exactly an identity type (according to any typology) depends on the character of experiences.
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CONCLUSION
1. Ethnic socialization-is the process of personality formation as a representative of a
definite ethnic organism by accepting of the cultural and social values and relations being basic for social ethnos; perceiving values, experiences of the ethnic society, transforming that experience into personal value. Ethnic socialization includes ethnicity and ethnic self-consciousness.
2. Ethnic identity as the result of adolescent ethnic socialization in
ethnopsychological findings is the result of cognitive-emotional process of self-awareness of oneself as a representative of a certain ethnic organism, a definite level of identifying oneself with it and at the same time separating from others.
References
1. Belinskaya E. P. Ethnic socialization of adolescents / E. P. Belinskaya. -Voronezh: NPO "MODEK", 2000. - 208 p.
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3. Duhnich O. E. Fate of traditional identities in the Crimea // Interethnic and interfaith relations in the Crimea and the problem of tolerance formation. Collection of scientific papers and reports / Ed. M. A. Aradzhyoni. - Kiev: Golden Gate, 2009. - P. 20-27.
4. Lebedeva N. M. Methods of ethnic and cross-cultural psychology / N. M. Lebedeva. - St. Petersburg: HSE, 2011. - 239 p.
5. Mischenko N. I. Ethnic specificity of family education in different ethnic groups / N. I. Mishchenko // News of Kharkiv National university named after V.N Karazina, «Psychology», № 902. - 2010. - P. 203 -207.
6. Naumenko L. I. Ethnic identity. Problems of transformation in the post-Soviet period / L. I. Naumenko // Ethnic Psychology and Society / Ed. N.M. Lebedeva. - M.: Old Garden, 1997. - P. 77-88.
7. Soldatova G. U. Psychology of ethnic tensions / G. U. Soldatova. - St. Petersburg: Smisl, 2003. - 389 p.
8. Stefanenko T. G. Etnopsychology / T. G. Stefanenko. - M.: Aspect Press, 2004. - 368 p.
9. Kherskovits M. D. Personality. The Culture. The Community /M. D. Kherskovits. - Chicago: American Journal of Sociology, 1923. - P. 188-199.
10. Khotinets V.Y. Ethnic identity / V. Y. Khotinets. - St.Petersburg: Aletheia, 2000. - 240 p.
ПРОЦЕСС ЭТНИЧЕСКОЙ СОЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ ПОДРОСТКОВ
Валеева Л. К., Лучинкина И. С.
В статье анализируются особенности этнической социализации, включающие в себя фактор этнической идентичности крымских подростков из этнически смешанных семей, указывается положительная корреляция типа этнической идентичности с коэффициентами интеллектуальной активности и социальной пластичности. Этническая социализация на данном этапе - одна из ведущих проблем населения Крыма, так как процесс этнокультурной социализации является частью общей социализации личности, включающей в себя культурное становления индивида в ходе усвоения этносоциальных ролей, культуры межэтнических отношений, принятых в многонациональном обществе.
Ключевые слова: этническая социализация, этническая идентичность, подростки, интеллектуальная активность, социальная пластичность, инкультурация, этническое самосознание.
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