CC BY
0
Maxmudova Q. teacher
Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE EXPORT IN UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. The article discusses the trends and prospects of fruit and vegetable development in Uzbekistan, the analysis of the experiences of developed countries in the production, storage, processing and export of fruit and vegetable products.
Key words: economic efficiency, cluster, key indicators, cooperation, export, world experience.
INTRODUCTION. Analysis of the trends and prospects of fruit and vegetable development in Uzbekistan, the experiences of developed countries in the cultivation, storage, processing and export of fruit and vegetable products show that there is a need to develop cooperation and clusters of producers of these products. It is known that the existing natural and climatic conditions in our country allow for the sustainable development of agricultural products, in particular, fruit and vegetable growing. The President and the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan pay great attention to the development of fruit and vegetable growing as a priority in the process of transitioning the industry to market relations. After all, the fact that a significant part of the foreign currency income of the country is formed due to the sale of fruit and vegetable products in foreign markets indicates the priority of radical reform and rapid development of the sector.
Under the chairmanship of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, a video selector meeting was held on the issues of effective organization of fruit and vegetable clusters, improvement of the activities of cotton clusters, and gradual abandonment of the system of cotton and grain cultivation for state needs. Based on the tasks given at the meeting, the "Uzbekoziqvokatholding" company conducts in-depth marketing analyzes to study the foreign markets of fruit and vegetable clusters in order to expand the export geography. Strengthening its position in traditional markets such as Russia and the CIS countries, it works on developing exports to new markets such as South-East Asia, Arab and European countries.
It will help to introduce a system that will continuously monitor 17 large fruit and vegetable markets in foreign countries, determine the directions of export, and export products produced by clusters.
RESULTS. In recent years, a number of decrees and decisions have been adopted. These include PF-5388 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 29, 2018 "On additional measures for the rapid development of fruit
and vegetable growing in the Republic of Uzbekistan" and "Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan" dated October 23, 2019 Decree No. PF-5853 "On approval of the strategy for the development of agriculture for 2020-2030" and "On additional measures to increase the efficiency of the export of fruit and vegetable products to foreign markets" dated October 17, 2018 PQ-3978, March 14, 2019 PQ-4239 decisions "On measures to develop agricultural cooperation in the field of fruit and vegetable production" can be cited. How quickly should land be converted to more profitable crops? This process should be gradual and coordinated with changes in neighboring sectors. For example, the redistribution of land for the cultivation of fruits and vegetables must occur simultaneously with the improvement of agro-logistics within the state and within its customs borders. This, in turn, ensures fast delivery of perishable fruit and vegetable products from farmers to local consumers and the international market. Otherwise, the profit from the re-production of fruits and vegetables will be less than the profit from the sale of wheat and cotton.
Today, there is a high demand for such products as cherries, apricots, plums, pomegranates, grapes, almonds, and citrus fruits in the world markets, and these products make up the main part of export earnings.
In Uzbekistan, it was criticized that such orchards, especially orchards of intensive method, are not organized enough, their economic efficiency remains at a very low level due to the fact that orchards and vineyards have fallen into disrepair, and thousands of hectares of old orchards in several districts have not produced crops for years. The cooperative system that forms the chain of "product production - purchase - storage and processing - export" has not yet been introduced. Another negative situation is related to the fact that the role of wineries in the development of viticulture is not felt.
"Under the influence of such problems, the volume of losses in the collection and storage of products in our country does not decrease by 30 percent," said the President. — That is, the harvested fruit dies and falls to the ground. What kind of new gardens and vineyards can be talked about in such conditions?»
Our country is forced to import seeds due to insufficient scientific research on breeding.
"Supply of mineral fertilizers, lack of systematic organization of pest and disease control work also leads to overwork of the farmer and has a negative effect on increasing productivity", in a word, it is necessary to find a solution in the field There are many issues. Therefore, it was emphasized that it is necessary to completely abandon the outdated system and establish a completely new continuous chain, that is, a cooperation and cluster system. This way has proven its effectiveness in the world experience, it shows that the introduction of the cluster leads to high results in the field.
The process of exporting fruits and vegetables has been eased Now, exported fruit and vegetable products do not undergo customs inspection.
The Presidential Decree "On additional measures to increase the efficiency of export of fruit and vegetable products to foreign markets" was announced.
Legal entities - exporters of fruit and vegetable products have the right to export fruit and vegetable products without an initial payment, without opening a letter of credit, issuing a bank guarantee, and without an insurance policy against political and commercial risks of the export contract. Also, legal entities - exporters of fruit and vegetable products who did not provide income from the export of fruit and vegetable products on time, illegal exporters of fruit and vegetable products with the requirement of 100 percent advance payment for the export of fruit and vegetable products applied to them. are included in the register.
Business entities have the right to export fruit and vegetable products without having a wholesale trade license. In this case, the procedure of taxation is used, which provides for the payment of a single tax on the export earnings of fruit and vegetable products of individual entrepreneurs.
CONCLUSION. Exported fruit and vegetable products are not subject to customs inspection, except for cases where signs of violation of customs legislation are detected. Ministry of Foreign Trade:
• coordination of activities in the field of export of fruit and vegetable products;
• search for potential partners, create opportunities to enter traditional and new sales markets;
• performs functions such as providing practical support for the export of fruit and vegetable products by methodically supporting the execution of the export contract if necessary.
"Railways of Uzbekistan":
• revises tariffs and services for loading and unloading of fruit and vegetable products, taking into account the characteristics of the product, in terms of simplification;
• based on the orders of cargo consignors and cargo owners, introduces a mechanism for the transmission of information about the time of cargo arrival and the location of the wagon during movement;
• carries out the procedure for allocating wagons for exporters of fruit and vegetable products within three days from the date of receipt of the relevant order.
According to the decision, the Association of Exporters of Fruit and Vegetable Products of Uzbekistan will be established. Also, local authorities and state bodies in the regions were identified as personally responsible for the obstruction of the export of fruit and vegetable products.
References:
1. Yuldasheva Shaxnoza, Olimjonova Farogat. (2023). AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL. INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN SCIENCE, 2(3), 66-70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7778308
2. Yuldasheva Shahnoza, Faxriddinova Dilobar. (2023). ORGANIZING NEW TOURISM DESTINATIONS IN UZBEKISTAN. INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 3(2), 182-184. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7683651
3. Yuldasheva Shahnoza, Faxriddinova Dilobar. (2023). THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES OF DETERMINING THE EFFICIENCY OF COTTON RAW PRODUCTION. INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 3(2), 58-61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620997
4. Yuldasheva Shaxnoza, Ismatova Nigora. (2023). IMPROVING THE STATE SUPPORT SYSTEM OF THE COTTON NETWORK. SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY, 2(2), 187-191. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7676504
5. Yuldasheva Shahnoza, Faxriddinova Dilobar. (2023). ORGANIZING NEW TOURISM DESTINATIONS IN UZBEKISTAN. INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 3(2), 182-184. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7683651
