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2SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 10 I 2022 _ISSN: 2181-1601
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PROFESSIONALISMS CONNECTED WITH FISHING IN THE LANGUAGE OF THE KAZAKH PEOPLE IN MUINAK AND KUNGRAD REGIONS OF
KARAKALPAKSTAN
I. Kuttimuratova
Docent, PhD, Nukus State pedagogical institute, Kazakh language and literature
department
ABSTRACT
In most languages dialectology is considered to be a separate branch of a science that deals with ethnography. In modern Linguistics dialectology is a science of studying the dialects of a certain national language. It promotes to the development and enrichment of Linguistics. Professionalisms are a part of the vocabulary stock of the Kazakh language. In the XIX-th century the peculiar features of various dialects were considered to be «incorrect speaking». Sometimes the meanings of words in dialects and in the literary language are the same, but their pronunciation is different. Thus, the formation and development of dialects depend on the historical conditions. The words from dialects and word-stock of small groups enter the literary language. These words are widely used by people and are accepted as a norm of the literary language. The literary language has its distinguishing features. The modern Kazakh language has its phonetic and lexical-grammar norms. Each of these varieties serves for people of certain specialty or profession.
The article deals with professionalisms connected with fishing in the language of the Kazakh people in Muinak and Kungrad regions of Karakalpakstan. The problem of study of various dialects of the Kazakh language in the lingua-geographic aspect is still the most current one. This circumstance allows the researches to admit a big significance of study of the lexical dialectology of the Kazakhs inhabiting in Kungrad and Muinak area by the lingua-geographic method.
Key-words: professionalism, dialect, Kazakh dialectology, dialectological atlas of the Kazakh language, dialectological dictionary, Kazakh linguistics, dialectological phenomena.
Introduction
Professionalisms are the words used in a definite trade, profession or calling by people connected by common interests both at work and at home. They commonly designate some working process or implement of labour. Professionalisms are correlated to terms, but terms are coined to nominate new concepts that appear in the process of, and as a result of, technical progress and the development of science.
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Professional words name already-existing concepts, tools or instruments, and have the typical properties of a special code. The main feature of a professionalism is its technicality. Professionalisms are special words in the non-literary layer of the vocabulary, whereas terms belong to the literary layer of the vocabulary. Professionalisms generally remain in circulation within a definite community, as they are linked to a common occupation and common social interests.
Methodology
In Russian Linguistics M.I.Fomina calls professional words «professional jargonisms». She writes: «The borders between semi-formal professional words and professional jargonisms are unsteady, instable and they are distinguished only conditionally» [2; 175-182]. In Karakalpak Linguistics professor E.Berdimuratov says the following about professional words: «In the vocabulary of the Karakalpak language there are words and word combinations connected with certain professions, words naming some objects and actions used by the people of the same profession. For example, words and word combinations connected with fishing:
Ийнелик - аудыц жыртылгын жерин жамау ушын агаштан исленген тебен; it is a special object made of wood for covering the torn place of a fishing net. Жер царау - балык бар жерлерди излеу, балыклы жерди табыу; finding a place with many fish.
Гарбол - кишкене гана мецке балык; a kind of fish, a small fish. Вагон - нэретениц аузы; the mouth of the net.
Цыйратпа - балык шанышатугын шанышкы; an object for spiking fish.
Салий - балык жууатугын ыдыс; a dish for fish washing.
Цара цус - кайыктыц басы, a black bird - the head of a boat [2: 85-90].
Professor E.Berdimuratov states that «Professionalism shouldn't be mixed with
euphemisms or factual lexical units, because they don't possess euphemistic or dialectic
features. The main difference of professionalisms is in their limited use» [2: 85].
Another prominent scholar in dialectology professor O.Dospanov in his works proved,
that in the vocabulary of professional words there are dialectal professionalisms. He
writes, «In the vocabulary stock of the Karakalpak language there are words and word
combinations connected with a certain profession used by the people of this profession,
denoting objects or actions» [5: 48].
In Kazakh Linguistics the scholar Sh.Saribaev writes the following about professional words: «Taking into account the use of professional words in the literary language and everyday spoken language, we can divide them into two groups:
1. Literary professional vocabulary
2. Dialectal professional vocabulary» [8: 76]
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Literary professional vocabulary consists of words used in different spheres of life, dealing with certain professions. These words are clear and understandable for the people living in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. For example: шабац, сазан балыц, сууен балыц, шортан балыц, ылаца балыц are the names of fish, they are included into common public word-stock.
Dialectal professional vocabulary deals with professional words used in different areas in different forms and meanings. The literary professional vocabulary is widely used, while the dialectal professional vocabulary is limited in its use, it is used only by the people of certain region or area.
Professor O.Dospanov analyzed the professional words in fishing in Muinak region of Karakalpakstan. He states the following: «There are many professionalisms in the northern dialect of the Karakalpak language and in spoken language of the people living in Muinak region because they have been occupied with fishing for many years. We come across many dialectal professionalisms dealing with the field of fishing and production of fish the vocabulary stock. They are: ацан ау, сууен ау, тоцы балыц (a small fish like a fish torta), тыран (a kind of fish, it is like a fish aktiusha kapaz), шоцыр (in Russian сервюга, a fish with long mouth), цылыш балыц (a kind of fish), царабврге ( a small fish like a sazan), цара жылын (a special tool for catching fish used by twelve people, the length of it is 8 metres), жага жылым (жазда салынады), запон (an apron put on when peeling fish), рагушка (a sack for fish), тоз ( a special object for filling the boat's open places) etc.» [5: 52].
Results and discussions
The vocabulary system of modern Kazakh language is very rich. One of the main layers of the word-stock of Kazakh as any other languages is dialectal professional words that promote to the development and enrichment of the vocabulary.
Professionalisms are special words in the non-literary (colloquial) layer of the vocabulary of a language. Professionalisms are the words used in a definite trade, profession or calling by people connected by common interests both at work and at home. They commonly designate some working process or implement of labour. Dialectal words are those which in the process of integration of the Kazakh national language remained beyond its literary boundaries, and their use is generally confined to a definite locality or region. In the work we use the term «dialectal professionalisms» because professional words may differ in different regions. Thus, dialectal professional vocabulary consists of the words and word combinations of a certain profession that is understandable only for the people living in this area, but naturally they are not comprehensible for the people of other regions. There are the following reasons of such phenomena:
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1) The distance between regions;
2) The people of different nationalities living there;
Dialectal professional words are divided into different thematic groups according to their usage in different spheres of life. For example, they are divided into professionalisms used in the fields of cattle-breeding, farming, handicraft, connected with iron, etc.
The classification of the professional words of the Kazakh language depends on the region where it is spoken, because in different regions people are occupied with different jobs, fields of work and professions. In the western dialects of the Kazakh language there are many professionalisms connected with cattle-breeding, especially camel-breeding, and in central parts of Kazakhstan there are many words connected with certain specialities and professions, for example, we observe the domination of professionalisms connected with water, forestry and wood handicraft. In the eastern dialects of the Kazakh language there are professionalisms connected with gardening and farming.
Professionalisms in different regions differ by their peculiarities. The people living in the regions where professionalisms in fishing are seldom used, cannot understand dialectal professional words from this field. Professional words from the field of cotton-growing in the northern and southern dialects cannot be comprehensible for the people speaking in the northern Muinak dialect dealing with fishing. Dialectal professional words enrich the national literary language. They may have synonymic doublets. Dialectal professional words can be divided into two groups:
1. Dialectal professional words having literary equivalents
2. Dialectal professional words that don't have literary equivalents. Here are some examples of dialectal professionalisms in fishing that don't have literary equivalents:
Асай - масай - is a hard sharp iron with the length of a half metre. This is an instrument that helps to move the sledges on ice. Ау/дузац майланыу - the rich catching of fish in the net. Айцулацлы сазан - a big kind of a sazan.
Ацанау - a fishing net for catching such kind of fish as сууен - suuen. Ацпа - а type of a fishing net. Ацшабац - a kind of fish шабац - shabak. Ац марца - a kind of fish -марца, жерех in Russian.
The dialectal professional words having literary equivalents cannot take a certain place in the literary language at once. Some scholars state the following about it: «Literary professional words are more independent than dialectal professional words
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and they have some peculiar features, because in many cases these words have their equivalents in the vocabulary of literary professionalisms» [7: 72].
There some etiquette words connected with fishing. For example: Keyceu copay means a farmer's job, cupamu copay means a fisherman's job from ancient times [7: 86].
The word cupamu is an euphemism used in fishing. In the explanatory dictionary of the Karakalpak language there are given the following definition to this word:
Cupansu (noun) - 1. A part of a fish or other foul given to somebody after catching a fish or hunting. 2. Keyceu - keusen [6; 248].
This word is connected with such tradition: if a fishman comes back with rich fish catching (a pail full of fish), and comes across a person on his way who wants some fish, the latter asks not «Give me fish», but «Give me siralgi» or «Leave me siralgi, please». After having got some fish, he thanks: «Let your sweep-net be always full» wishing rich fish catching.
One of the scholars who studied the Kazakh language of the people living in Karakalpakstan, B.Beketov says the following about professional words: «Sometimes it's difficult to differ dialectal words from professional words. For example, the words connected with vegetables and growing plants belong to certain profession and they may be called professionalisms» [1: 116]. The scholar considers the words used in such fields of activity as cattle-breeding, sewing clothes, house-building professional words. B.Beketov investigated in his works professional words used by the Kazakh people living in Karakalpakstan connected with professions only in such fields as cattle-breeding, irrigation, growing fruit and vegetables.
G.Bekmuratova studied Shomanai dialect of the Karakalpak language, in particular the professional and dialectal words in the field of fishing and underlined the importance of studying them according to topics (themes). For example, among the words denoting food and meals, the dish shorpa means a soup made of meat or fish. In her work she studied the groups of words dealing with handicraft, carpentry, iron and agriculture and gave the following interpretation to the word wopMan - a special means made of iron for catching fish by prickling [3: 26].
The Muinak dialect of the Karakalpak language was investigated in the Candidate dissertation of a famous linguist-dialectologist T.Begjanov [4]. In his works, he analyzed homonymic variants and synonymic doublets of professionalisms connected with fishing. Let's see some of the professionalisms connected with fishing and the sea. For example:
HuuemK - a wooden needle for knitting a fishing net.
^apaqyc - 1. a front part of a boat 2. A name of bird ( species of a bird)
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Керги - 1.part of a boat 2. A bowl used for putting spoon.
Тэшек - 1. A rope for knitting a fishing net. 2. Type of plant.
Куйгелек - 1.name of bird 2.an aggressive person (type of character).
Сыл - 1. A special means for sailing 2. Movement.
Тас- 1. A part of fish body 2. Stone natural resource.
Ау - hunting net, trap (animal, bird, fish).
Жон - 1. a scale of a fish 2. A nog of wood.
Тоз - 1. a means that is used to mend a hole in a boat 2. Useless stuffs.
From the work of the above-mentioned scholar B.Beketov we find out another meaning of the word шабац ( in English it means bream): it is a thin long wood used for covering the open surface of the house, used as a type of building material, used for the construction of houses. But in the works by T. Begjanov the word шабац means a kind of fish (bream). Here are some other examples of professionalisms connected with fishing:
Берге - a kind of sazan, in the dialect it's called борге, кара борге, монке. Mostly they are in lakes.
Шоцыр - (Russian -севрюга) -a kind of fish, a small type of bream. The last years this kind of fish was brought from the Caspian Sea. The fish was called by the name шоцыр as the fishermen of the Caspian Sea called it. This kind of fish is related to the class of sturgeon. It has a big mouth and weighs about 8-10 kg.
Тыран - a fish related to the class of bream. It looks like a white bream. It plays a great role in production.
Цанети арцан - a means of string used for fastening goods on boat.
Мойке (Russian - мойка) - a means made of wood used to clean fish.
Запон - a type of stud made of elastics. It is used when fish scales are removed.
Секаш - (scissors) - a special means used to cut fish tails.
Пэндик - a special means made of hard wood used to control a rudder
The dialectological dictionary of the Karakalpak language compiled by the scholars-
linguists D.S.Nasirov and O.Dospanov deserves attention, it contains a lot of
professional words connected with fishing [14]. Let's see a list of professionalisms in
fishing:
Айгулац/айцулац- a fish abdominal fin (northern dialect) Ылаканын айкулагы: Catfish part of body. Especially in hunting, the biggest part of catfish head bone. Moreover, it is used for drinking soup. There is a game connected with the fish айзулац (augulak) [5:
51].
Айдын/шабыра - a puddle (northern dialect). Айцулацлы сазан - Sazan abdominal fin (northern dialect). Ацан ау- a fishing net for catching little fish ,it is usually used in summer days.
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Ац марца - northern dialect Muinak region) a chub with red lips. Ац шабац - (northern dialect Muinak region) a type of pumkin.
Аузайыц - (northern dialect, Muinak region) a big type of boat, it depends on the size of hunting boat.
Ау дузац - (northern dialect, Muinak region)a fishing net.
Ау дузац майлау - (northern dialect, Muinak region) a process catching a great deal of fish.
Ау цурыу - (northern dialect, Muinak region) catching fish with the help of fish net.
Эштархан - a name of boat.
Багор - a long means that is saved to collect fish.
Базон - a means that is used to catch a sazan (a kind of fish).
Азна - cross beam of a boat.
Арца цалаш - fish dorsal fin.
Арцалыц - a strong rope in fishing net.
Арцалыц табан - a rope 55 mm in size used for fastening fish net. Асай-/асай-масай - a means that is moved to run a sledge. It's about 1-1.5 meter is made of iron and wood. A person who drives sledge takes this fish (asai-masai) with both hands in order to run it.
Асым балыц - a piece of flesh is worthy to be eaten. Ау сетилмеуи - a real usable net.
Бацалац/шана - a wooden part of sledge. The sledge is a means that plays a great role in catching fish on ice.
Бацраш - a dish used for drying fish in hunting. There are two types of бакраш small and big.
Балагешки ау/балакушка - a means for catching fish.
Балыцшыныц ханы - a head of fishermen, who knows the best place to catch fish and
all the secrets of catching fish methods.
Барабан - a special means used for skinning fish scales.
Барац - a living place of fishermen during a year.
Баржыгайыц - a special parking place for barge.
Барцас - a means of engine ship.
Басцалдац - a special trap for fishing boat.
Баспай - a means that is used for catching fish in spring and autumn. In these seasons, lakes and puddles are short of water. And this kind of net (basbay net) is very comfortable for it.
Бастацтай - a piece of wood used for sitting on it in the front side of a boat. Бэгор/бэгур - a means used for taking wood with a hook tarpaulin. Бекире - a sturgeon(a kind of fish).
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Бекире гармац/бекире цармац - a special means made of iron hook used for catching
the fish бекире (sturgeon).
Бекире майы - an oil taken from sturgeon.
Бергеубай жылым/бергаубай - a fishing net.
The famous linguist T.Begjanov emphasized that this professionalism «бергеубай
жылым» came from the Russian words «берег, береговой» [4: 58].
Бир асым - a fish that is cooked once in a fish man's house.
Бирки - a special small board to write a label on the full fish sack.
Берге - bream, a kind of fish.
Гулдегелек/гулдвгелек - a steep beam of a boat used in windy weather controlled with sailing vessel . It also called машта.
Гумпилдек - a means that is thumped to the water to call fish. Гур - splitted pieces of ice.
Гауцулдац - a means that is used to rise water- level.
Джеметай - a bait, ledger-bait.
Домбац/домбыц - a special thick string for knitting net.
Дузац - a net for catching fish.
Дузбел - a means for fish salting.
Дуззалац - a means for fish salting used to mix tarpaulin with water. Дунай/Дунай ау - a fishing net was adopted from Dunay river.
Дуз - means an area, another place in the language of the Karakalpak people living in Muinak region.
Ерни цызыл - a fish with red lips. Ескекши - a person who oars.
Жага жылым - a heavy means of pot for catching fish only in summer days.
Жага газа- a means made of cane for catching in shallow.
Жага толцын - a type of wave in the sea or lake.
Жайдац шана - a special sledge for carrying load on ice by pulling it.
Жайын - the biggest type of catfish.
Жайцайыц - alone boat.
Жацпай - a kind of catching by people at night. Usually at night three people go fishing. One of them lights a candle, the second one takes a pike and the last one oars a boat. A man with a pike takes fish out to the light. Жал - a sturgeons cranial fin.
Жалау - a piece of material bound to net to be found in the deepest place of water. Жалау тасы- a sign used to be visible on the water. Жалпац кеме - a means of boat, it appeared when Russians came. Жалгыз толцын - alone wave in the sea.
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Жармагалцы - a lead float net. It is used additionally, when the net goes into the water.
Жарнек/жэрнек - a means that is used to cook a meal on a boat.
Жаровой дуз - the rest salt after salted fish.
Желбизек - a dorsal of a fish from head to the end part.
Желгайыц - a sailing vessel.
Желцом - a sail used in windy weather to run a boat.
Жон - a lid that puts together in a barrel.
Жормал - a string that hooks a fish. It is about 10 meters specialized to save fish in water.
Жылым жай - a special place for putting fishing net.
Жылыу - when the water in the sea or river freezes, some places don't freeze and Ashmen call them жылыу. Ийне - a wooden needle for collecting dried fish. Ийнелик - a wooden needle for knitting a fishing net.
Ийтергиш - a special wooden mixer for mixing fish. Using mixer is very comfortable
to let the fish sink deeply.
Ирей - a beam of a boat.
Истэунек - a kind of pot for catching fish.
Ишкет - a string that is pulled the sail to the different sides.
Капрон цалцы- a pieces of wood used to find (a net) a place of net in the water. It's made of kapron.
Кэкелгайыц - a light boat for fishing. Капрон ау - a net made of kapron.
Кэплаубай шана - a type of sledge that is loaded 10 center fish. Кемеши - a captain.
Кец гез шабац ау - a fishing net for a bream.
Керме ау - a net for catching fish in ice especially sazan and pike.
Керши - a special hook for catching sazan and catfish.
Кеспе - a piece of fish.
Киндик цалаш - fish umbilical fin.
Кек жон - a type of fish related to the class of chub with red lips. The length 80
centimeters, weight 5 kg.
Кекли - every piece of net.
Кек мойын - a chub with blue neck.
Кек торта - local name of chub with red lips.
Кек шалац - water grass (a green layer in the surface of water).
Кел цаза- a means made of cane for catching fish.
Кенгелеу - to knit a net.
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Ko^se - a thin string used to fasten a net.
KemeK - a name of fishing stuff like a net and string.
KomepMe wunuM - a fishing net used in ancient times by 6 people on a double boat. Komkuh^ 6ouasu - a means that is moved on water with a three-teeth heavy iron. Komne - moving full of cane and water grasses in the surface of water. KypwonKu - a long size beam of a net to hold.
Ka6adau ay - a means for catching fish. It clears up. The fishermen of the Taxtakopir
region knit them from string like a net .
Ka3auMu - a cooker/a person who cooks fish food on a boat.
Kau^udac maua- a sledge shaped like a boat skied on ice.
KauMaKflacuy - a frozed cream layer of ice in the surface of water.
Kauu^rnu - fisherman on a boat.
Ka^6ac/^a^nam - a dried fish.
Ka^nau - a means that is thumped to the water to catch fish. KanaK - a means for fish salting. KanKu - a float in the surface of water.
Kauaysa3a - a special means made of cane for catching fish in hollow.
Kau/xau - a leader of fishermen.
Kapa 6anuK - names of fish (bream, a pike, sazan).
Kapa ko3 - bream of small kind. It's about 25-30 centimeter.
KapadaK - a name of diseases related to fish. This illness can be seen in 16 type of.
Kapawan - the literary name of catfish.
Kapa wunuM - a net for catching fish about 8 meters used in winters. KapaMemen - a small catfish.
Kapacyy - a melted layer of ice in the surface of water.
KapameKneu - in the jargon of fishermen, a person who buys a fish by wholesale. KapMaKmu - a person who catches a fish with a hook. KapMaumu - two people who catch a fish in partnership in the sea.
Kapunnasu KeMe/KapaKannaKu KeMe - a boat made of willow.
Kamay6a maua/Kacay6ac - a vessel sail consisted of a vessel specialized for carrying fish.
KacuaK - a part of boat.
K^nuuMa - a spawning season of fish.
KyupuK Kanam - fish fin.
KyMup - names of fish, the fattiest type of sazan, bream. KypdyM - the deepest part of the sea. Kypm ayupuy - a fish disease, when a fish have worms. Ku3un Kauam - a chub with red fins.
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Цылыш балыц - a chub looks like a sword.
Лабаз - 1. А special place for putting caught fish. 2. A barrel for fish salting.
3. «Лабаз» a cold place for saving fish in spring and autumn seasons.
Лацау - a net for catching a catfish.
Лалай шабац/ цараганат - a white bream.
Мамбац жип - a strong string for knitting a net.
Мардан - a means for putting fish.
Марца - fish with red lips.
Матай ау - a type of net.
Мерки - a means made of wood for measuring fish.
Намуйнек - a means for holding beam under the water.
Он бес баслы ау - a net consisted of 15 string net.
Отлы кеме - a ship.
Эзенше - a small lake.
Пэрэмийда - a special place for saving ice.
Пэуедек - a thin type of string (kenip).
Рей - a beam for drying fishing net.
Салзый - water grass (in the surface of water).
Салдат шалац - types of water grass.
Салдау - a special strong string for pulling ship from the water. It is pulled by 15-16 people.
Сенер - a special net for the deepest level of water. Сец - a freezing process in the surface of water. Солац - a part of wheel barrow for fish carrying.
Сумырай - a wild fish related to sturgeon family the length is about more than half a meter.
Сузги - a means used for separating fish from tarpaulin. Сылгый - a group of cane sunk in the sea. Сыпайы балыц - a barbel (a kind of fish). Сыралгы - a bit of fish.
Табан балыц - a kind of plump fish, it looks like a sazan. Таяу бойы - a model for measuring beam. Тайыз - a shallow level of water. Тапаш - a tail part of catfish.
Теппе - 1. A drought place for many years and after years and years it will become a
lake. 2. A place full of fish.
Тикеншалац - a water grass.
Тирнеугайыц - the latest one ofjoined boats.
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Тоз - a wool used to prevent from weir. Тоцы балыц - a big red chub.
Тор - a fish net. This word used by some of the population of Karakalpaks
Торсулдац - a swim bladder.
Торта - the smallest type of bream, not consumed.
Торша - a chub with black eyes.
Тосацлатыу - to stir up the water to put a fish net.
Тоснау - a deep place in water.
Тес цалаш - fish pectoral fin.
Теслук - a pectoral part of fish body.
Туба - a place kind of lake without stream.
Турен тацтай - a wooden place in a boat for putting fish.
Тырамбай усылы - a method of catching barbell.
Ултан - a long part of a boat.
Ууылдырыц - a fish egg.
Ушан - a big fishing boat.
Уэрлик - a part of a boat.
Ханимардан - a bird (a kind of bird catches fish). Хэц - a separated frozen layer of ice. Шабыра толцын - a wave in the puddle.
Шамай жылым - a special net for catching shemeya fish (a kind of fish).
Шартац жай - an attic for drying fish.
Шашацлы кеме - a type of boat.
Шэугум - a kettle used for boiling water in fishing.
Шехон/ шихон - a sword fish (a kind offish).
Шогал -1. Fish eggs (male fish) 2. An oil of sturgeon.
Шоцанау - a fishing net for a bream.
Шокыр - a big beaky fish survives in the sea.
Шолпы - a small sieve for saving fish.
Шонтай - a pocket of a fishing net.
Шебире/шебре - the interior spine of fish body with scales.
Шемекей/шемекей жылым - a small net with thin string.
Шергем - a fortress made of cane for covering fishing stuffs from sunshine and dirt. Шуранау - a great deal of catching fish with net. Шыжым - a kenip string of a fishing net.
Шылым - a saliva, which the exterior scales of fish body work it out.
Шылымтал - a remainder of wood for knitting a string.
Ыгызбау - a special net for fish catching on a boat in the surface of water.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 10 I 2022 _ISSN: 2181-1601
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Ыцпа - a float characterizes a bridge.
Ылапыш - a catfish (a kind of fish) lives on eating breams.
Kungrad and Muinak regions are situated next to the Kanlikul region by territorial location. The professionalisms connected with fishing and water of this region in the Karakalpak language were investigated by S.Shinnazarova [9]. In the word - stock of the Karakalpak language, we can see many dialectal lexical units, which are connected with earth and water. In the northern part of the Kanlikul region there is the Amudarya river and in the eastern part - Olidarya. Moreover, there were many lakes and puddles in this region.
Let's see some of the toponymic terms.
Алац - a great vacant land. The word алац was used in the Turkish languages in the meanings «smooth ground, smooth field, desert, circle». In our point of view, the words жалац, жалацаш are lexical units that came from алац, exactly ж+алац. The word алац means smooth ground without plants, жалац means a head without hat, жалацаш is a lexical unit used for defining people's semantic «naked, nude». Consequently, this lexical unit saved its real meaning.
Ацыз - a planted ground not usable at present. The circle of miracle church is Аныз. 1.А literary term. 2. This word is a synonym to the word атыз.
Ацыра - a scoop soil. For example: We dug a scoop soil (alan). In the dialects of the Turkmen language it means: «to dig out a scoop soil following from the deepest bottom of the canal»
Жоя - a small type of irrigation ditch. For example: The irrigation ditch of cotton field is also called жоя (joya). The structure of this lexical unit may be presented in the form of gradation:
Rivera canals root^ a small brooks irrigation ditch^ joya (жоя/жал) So, the word «дэрья», «river» is the main lexical unit, the meanings of other units following after it decrease towards the word joya (жоя). The seme uniting all lexemes (lexical units) in one group is суу жолы (water way).
Келем - a planted ground. For example: Today we weeded Erejep's ground (келем). It's a ground term when the ground is called by the owner's name. It is widely known as a келэм/келэм - in the literary dialectology of the regions of Kungrad, Kanlikol, Shomanay, Khodjeili, Nukus and Amudarya. This word is close in meaning to the word 'Qiytaq' in Uzbek word-stock.
Царым - to dig around the ground to defend plants and cattle's fodder from affects of outside (stealing). For example: My children are digging the deep ditch (царым) around.
Мелдек/тамарца - a private land or field close to the house or somewhere else. For example: They enriched their private field (мелдек) with mineral fertilizer.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 10 I 2022 _ISSN: 2181-1601
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TY6eK - a deep ground. For instance: There are such deep grounds here as Tolegen's tubek and Shadmat's tubek . In the literary language the word cradle is called mY6eK. W.aqnaK - a place for the rest of a herd at noon. For example: Today the lunch will be at shanlak (maunaK).
A%k canMa - a type of small brook used for watering irrigation ditch in fields. MacKa - 1) rough terrain ground 2) a brook used to run water from canal or river. For example: Rough terrain ground is a jaska (wacKa) of a steep ground. There is a word combination wacKanan couney that has a connotative meaning «to speak delicately, thoughtfully»
Kansuudu cyy- rest water, collected water. The water which is still left after watering
the ground is called the rest water (Kansuudu cyy).
Conclusion
Professionalisms of the Muinak dialect of the Karakalpak language were investigated in chapter II of the Candidate dissertation of the above-mentioned linguist Begjanov Turganbay [4]. In the part «Names of terminological character» he classified them into the following four groups:
1. Professionalisms connected with fishing .
2. Fish diseases.
3. Names of parts of fish body.
4. Names of means for fish catching.
The linguistic analysis of these words, their choice and study is of a great scientific importance. The author analyzed professionalisms connected with fishing used by the people in Muinak region. Professionalisms of the Muinak dialect have some distinguishing peculiarities.
REFERENCES
1. Beketov B. The Kazakh language in Karakalpakstan. Alma-Ata, 1990.128 p.
2. Berdimuratov E. Lexicology of the modern Karakalpak language. Nukus, 1994.
3. Bekmuratova G. Shomanai dialect of the Karakalpak language. Nukus: Bilim, 2004.
4. Begjanov T. The issues of dailectology of the Karakalpak language. Nukus, 1971.
5. Dospanov O.D. Dialectology of the Karakalpak language. Nukus,1992.
6. Dictionary of dialectology. Alma-Ata, 2007. 800 p.
7. Nurmagambetov A. The Kazakh language in Turkmenistan.1974.230 p.
8. Saribaev Sh. Dialectological atlas of the Kazakh language. № 3. 1972.
9. Shinnazarova S. Peculiarities of the Karakalpak spoken language in Kanlikol region of Karakalpakstan. Nukus, 2008
