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ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
ETHNOGRAPHIC VOCABULARY OF UZBEK DIALECS IN KARAKALPAKSTAN
Nurjanov Oybek Erkin oglu
Berdakh Karakalpak state university "Uzbek linguistics" department teacher
АННОТАЦИЯ
В статье подробно описывается этнографическая лексика и диалектные особенности узбекских диалектов Каракалпакстана. Кроме того, подчеркивается общее сходство с языком, этнография некоторых сельских диалектов, язык и этнография села в другом регионе, население, проживающее в конкретном районе.
ABSTRACT
This article describes in detail the ethnographic lexicon and dialectal features of Uzbek dialects in Karakalpakstan. In addition, general similarities between the language, ethnography of some rural dialects, the language and ethnography of a village in another region, and the population of a particular area are highlighted.
Ключевые слова: этнография, этнографизм, диалект, лексика, ареал
Key words: ethnography, ethnographism, dialect, lexicon, area
The science of ethnography is closely related to the science of linguistics, especially dialectology. This is natural, because the life, customs, material and culture of the people, first of all, the words of the language, the dialect living in a certain area, are reflected in the speech of the representatives of the dialect. It should be noted that some ethnographies are used in scientific works, such as the science of ethnography, as well as in the literature to describe local features. Also, some ethnographies are common to literary languages and dialects, and some are specific to certain dialects and are not used or encountered in literary language. This is the complexity of the problem.
The most important aspect of the problem is that the problem of studying the dialectal features of the ethnographic lexicon of the Uzbek language has not yet been solved. Because these elements that live in the dialects are directly related to the history of language and the history of the people. Exploring the dialect of each region as much as possible can add more clarity to the pages of history. This is because the field is closely related to such disciplines as history, ethnography, language history, cultural studies, and literary history. Therefore, the study of the ethnographic lexicon of Uzbek dialects in Karakalpakstan provides valuable information for science. It is also of great scientific and practical importance for the study of Uzbek dialectology.
The area is inhabited by people of different nationalities, mainly oguz-kipchak dialect, who make up the largest part of the region's population.
As we analyze and study the national traditions and customs of our people from a linguistic point of view, the origin and history of each ethnos is reflected in its language. As a nation lives and is formed over time, its national language, art, national culture, and national traditions are also formed. Each dialect has its own language, customs, and way of life. For example,
there are peculiarities in the lexicon of the region's mixed population with Turkmens or the population of neighboring areas, or the dialect of people living in or adjacent to Karakalpaks and Kazakhs.
In addition, some rural dialects differ in language and ethnography. Or it is possible that a village in another province has commonalities with the language and ethnography of the people living in a particular area. In this case, we also focused on the above issues. We also study and analyze these phenomena from a linguistic point of view.
According to historical sources, the Kipchaks later settled in the Lower Amudarya region as a result of a series of histories. Professor F.Abdullaev noted the complexity of the ethnic composition of the Khorezm population in his work "Khorezm dialects" and proved it on the basis of evidence.
Khorezm has been inhabited by many tribes, clans and peoples in the past. These included os, olons, massagets, and saks. That is why there are various ethnonyms in the region today, which can be studied as a separate object. No matter what peoples lived on this land in the past, they undoubtedly have a great contribution to the cultural and historical heritage of the present generation.
Professor SP Tolstov writes: "It is possible to restore the glorious landscape of the history of the East, without which it is impossible to understand the historical process of the whole world"1. Based on historical sources, the opinion of Professor S.P. Tolstov, we can say that on this land, which has a really long history, now live a mixture of Kazakh, Turkmen, Russian, Korean and Tatar peoples.
It is known that the word, the term created in the language of each nation, is connected with the customs, daily life, needs of that nation. These words and terms appear in different forms in different languages. The words and terms that appear are related to a particular part of the history of a nation and serve to illuminate its
1 Tolstov SP In search of ancient Khorezm culture. Tashkent, "Science", 1964, p.52
history. These words also describe what the people are doing and what kind of work they are doing. Therefore, such words have a very wide meaning.
According to A.V. Kalinin, ethnographies consist of words that express objects and events that are characteristic of the life and economy of a particular population.2
Interest in the study of the ethnographic lexicon of the peoples of Central Asia has been in the spotlight of European scholars since the early twentieth century. Professor S.Volin also commented on the fact that in ancient times the language, customs, peculiarities of the life of Uzbeks of Khorezm, there were many elements that distinguished them from other ethnic groups. The Khorezm Uzbeks have been separated from other central dialects for many centuries due to certain historical reasons, and the wide range of words corresponding to the lexical elements of other peoples - Azerbaijan and Turkmen languages - can be traced back to these historical factors.
The history of studying Uzbek dialects, including Khorezm dialects, is connected with the name of E.D. Polivanov. Therefore, so far A.K.Borovkov, K.K.Yudakhin, V.V. Reshetov, G.O. Yunusov, F.Abdullayev, A.Ishayev were interested in the ethnic composition and language features of the Khorezm population and published the results of several scientific researches. In their research, they divided the Khorezm dialects into several groups based on their diversity. Basically, Khorezm dialects were divided into Southern, Middle and Northern Khorezm groups.
Although the region is a territorial unit, there are significant differences in language. For example, in Oguz dialect: tiger, galin; in the Kipchak dialect: tiyir, kelin, pata:, soqi (og '), keli (qip), kurdik (og'), kurtik (qip). In some ethnographies, however, there are only phonetic differences.
A comparative study of dialects can also help him to understand the attitudes of other dialects or peoples.
So, the object of our examination differs from other Uzbek dialects in that the language of the population living in this area is radically different from other local dialects. Other dialects have their own peculiarities. There are such expressions in their language that other dialects do not understand which require involuntary interpretation. It should also be noted that the ethnographic-lexical unit encountered in one of these two dialects may not be encountered at all in the other. For example, walking the groom around the house, which is typical of the oguz dialect, is completely alien to the kipchak dialect. Or ethnographic units such as burunduk ena and burunduk ota, which are found in the kipchak dialect, are completely incomprehensible to the representatives of the oguz dialect. Some ethnographic events also differ in the time and name of the event. For example, in oguz dialects, the bride is seen after the wedding, while in
the kipchak areas, it is held on the wedding day and is called bet achar.
There are many peculiarities in the way of life of the regional dialects.
In areas where Kipchaks live in a mixture, the word kurdik, which means the name of a towel // sulgi, kolik // kuluk, national dish kurtk; the word purifier, associated with ceremonial words, is used in the form of gassol, or with its parallels in oguz dialect. There are only phonetic differences in the use of some terms: golangir // valangir, papka // popka, yip boyladi // ip bavladi (a ceremony of pulling yarn to raise money for the bride).
The ethnographic dialectisms that emerged under the influence of the Russian language, which entered the later stages of the development of dialects, are common to all dialects. For example, name day, anniversary, stalemate, evening. In short, the lexical-semantic features, forms and semantic relations, their types, thematic classification, construction and grammatical features and a number of peculiarities of ethnographic dialectisms specific to the dialect of the region have emerged.
References
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2 Kalinin A.V. Lexicon of the Russian language. Moscow State University Publishing House 1978, 123126
