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5
Khakimova Sh.R.
English and literature department teacher Gulistan State University Juraeva I., PhD
National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek
Uzbekistan, Tashkent
PROBLEMS OF REFLECTION OF TRADITIONS IN LINGUISTIC
COUNTRY-STUDY TEXTS
Annotation: This article provides information on the difficulties and linguistic problems in the clear expression of English customs and words in Uzbek in linguistic texts, and compares the semantic differences of words in the two languages.
Keywords: art of translation, transformation, free combinations, realia, semantic structure, grammatical connection, English grammar, Uzbek grammar, translation language.
The art of translation is one of the most delicate and elegant arts and requires a perfect, careful use of word space. The words should be chosen in such a way that the translation is understandable to everyone and that the meaning expressed in the original sentence is consistent with the meaning given in the translation. In order to create such consistency, the words being translated are not translated literally. If that were the case, there would be no easier task than translation.
Until the twentieth century, the word "translation" was used only to refer to the translation of historical, philosophical, literary, and artistic works. The terms "translator" are used in Turkic peoples, "dolmetechen" in German, and "interpret" in English and French. The same can be said of the theory of translation.
Nowadays, the practice of translation (regardless of the type of translation) is based on science. Of course, intuition has a place and weight in the creative process. Science allows translation to be complete and reliable.
Translation, or rather true translation, is the skill with which a work is being rewritten. When translating a book, the translator re-feels, understands, and conveys the author's feelings and thoughts to the people of the language being translated as a new work. When the level of a translator who translates a book rises to the level of the author, logically the translator who translates 100 books becomes a "treasure trove of knowledge." For this reason, our forefathers were practically encyclopedic scholars, even though they wrote more in certain fields and less in others, and they pushed the field at least a few steps forward in whatever field they wrote.
Translation is the creative assimilation of the artistic and scientific beauty of another language for its people, demonstrating the strength and power of the new language means turning into an art event. Working as a translator, mastering the language at a professional level, is an almost unexplored, unique and delicate
enough issue. The translation skills are one of the most common types of creative skills in the world. Due to the misuse of a single word in a text or a scientific or artistic work, the meaning of the sentence changes completely. Why take months to translate a single work? Does it take so long? This is definitely one of the questions that is of interest to all of us. Indeed, as noted above, it is a very delicate matter. Of course, technology and science are advanced today, but sometimes they can be weak. In today's article we will talk about this issue of complexity.
This is how the originality, subtlety and secrets of the art of translation are revealed. One of the most complex and important factors in translation is the transformation of words.
In one language, except for the equivalent that corresponds to another language, the rest can express a different meaning. For example, in English, the word "close" is translated from Uzbek as "to close", "to hide", and also means "close", "not burning", "next to". The word "slip" translates to "sleep soundly," "get things done quickly," "go the wrong way," "a piece of paper," "a small mistake," and "avoid something." That is, they are polysemantic and can have many meanings, it should be noted that one word in English has a maximum of 23 meanings. The translator must use his / her skills to use the appropriate, appropriate word translation based on the context. In the process of translation, polysemous words are given one meaning in one language and other meanings in another.
Another most difficult problem facing translators is how to find lexical equivalents for objects and events which are not known in the receptor language. Usually, there are a number of problems and difficulties in translating Uzbek traditions. Because some words in Uzbek do not have the exact equivalent or exact meaning in English. They are called cultural words and phrases. If a word or a phrase is unknown in the receptor language the translator must find the ways of substitution without distorting the meaning of it.
Our investigation showed that Uzbek cultural words may be translated into English by the following ways:
For example, "Nahorgi osh" - "Morning Plov" (One of the old and binding ceremonies of uzbek nationality is morning plov. The big plov is cooked for hundred of guests when a child is born, during a circumcision event, in honor of a man returning from the military service, in the early morning of a wedding day), The day before ceremony beginning in the evening they solemnize "sabzi tugrar" (carrots shredding) rite, (which usually neighbors and near relatives come to. After finishing "sabzi tugrar" ritual, all participants are invited to sit at the table.)
In this case, the meaning of the word is well understood. Due to the lack of accurate translations in "Chopon", "Karnay", "Surnay", definitions are used to explain them ("Chopon" - "Chapan" (traditional men's robes), "Karnay", "Surnay" - Uzbek national musical instruments ). The following is an English translation of several realia words:
realias Meaning
Fotiha toyi engagement ceremony
Non sindirish engagement
Qiz oshi Several days prior to the wedding party the «kiz oshi» ceremony («girls only party») is held in the bride's house, to which the bride invites her close friends and relatives.
Kelin salom daughter's-in-law greeting (Young daughter-in-law, dressed with a bright headscarf on her head that covers her face, goes to the guests to greet all with the bows. Bride is obliged to greet each of them by bowing lowly. The daughter-in-law bows for a reason - the gifts should be presented to her. )
Beshik to'yi Beshik Tuyi (wooden cradle) is a ritual celebration related to the first putting the baby into the cradle.
Sunnat toy - Khatna Qilish Circumcision is another ancient Uzbek ceremony adopted after accepting Islam (Sunnat Tuyi). This ceremony is held for boys at ages 3, 5, 7, 9 but nowadays this aging is not strict and one can do this ceremony when needed.
The semantic structure of languages differs greatly from one another. Care must be taken in translating units that come in the form of phrases and have a figurative meaning. Take, for example, the phrase "breaking bread." In this case, a compound gives a single meaning and is used in a figurative sense. Translated into English, it translates as "bread crumbing", which at first glance is structurally correct, but the meaning is far from the original. For this reason, it should be translated as "engagement".
Another example is one of the Uzbek national traditions "oyoq bosdi". The word is in the form of a phrase, which in this case poses a problem in expressing the exact meaning in translation. The translation can be translated as "to step on", but
the meaning is completely different. In professional translation, the meaning of the word is taken into account, which is why it is translated as "pressing the foot".
The translation process should take into account the semantic and structural features of the phrases. It is recommended to translate the horse first, because no matter what the definition is, everyone identifies the horse, and the horse represents the most important meaning in the sentence. The next task of the interpreter is to distinguish the groups of meanings in the sentence. In most cases, the order of the free combinations of English and Uzbek can be compatible in both languages:
"Kelin o'tirmayapti" - "The bride is not sitting";
"Kelin ovqat yemayapti" - "The bride is not eating soup";
"Qiz bazmi" - "Girl's party";
"Hina qo'yar" - "Put henna";
"Qiz bekitdi" - "The girl hid";
"To'qqiz tovoq" - "Nine plates";
"Isiriq puli" - "Incense fee".
It is no secret that it is a real skill to use words in their proper place. It is up to us to translate without making mistakes in the matter of translation. Translation means the creative mastery of the artistic beauty of another language for one's own people, the transformation of a work into an artistic event of that language, demonstrating the power and might of the new language.
Working as a translator, mastering the language at a professional level, is almost extensiveis an unexplained, peculiar, and delicate enough matter. The profession of translator is one of his most creative vessels in the world. Massso much is written (spoken) about translators in the media for both are usually different, often misconceptions, about this profession. It is the responsibility oflegal, technical or medical texts that require a thorough knowledge of the Uzbek language. The main problem of translation is to fully understand the text in front of the translator and requires a thorough understanding. In the absence of such a requirement, the translation is mainly mechanically words belonging to a particular language will be replaced by words used in another language, and this work would have already been done by the computer. And to this day, there would be no need for a translator. Translation is a creative endeavor that involves intuition, personal experience, understanding of the meaning behind the text, and so on.
Each type and appearance of translation translates to the stage of comprehension of the original text has unique features and characteristics. At the same time, the translator strives to comprehend, to understand and feel, to realize its artistic value. Defines how it is formed methodologically, translation text, what level of sensitivity, specific word, sentence, phrase, paragraph etc. determines how it should be translated.
What is translated, even the smallest ideological unit, word or sentence, whether it is a major scientific or artistic work, a monograph, a novel, takes on a new meaning in the presence of another language. Gradually, this new national environment leads to the emergence of qualitatively original ideas, thoughts, genres,
images, which, in turn, lead to a completely unified dictionary, science, literature and art. will lead to the emergence of works.
The re-creation of image tools in the translation process and the word in it the problem of selection requires excellent skill from the translator. —The translator works hard to recreate the work from another language, the mother tongue, absorbs, then chooses an alternative word depending on the nature of the text, that is the meaning of the words, the tone, the form, the stylistic alternative, the original idea as complete as possible, burns with the anxiety of expression, writes Ghaybulla Salomov.
Word choice plays an important role in translation. An interpreter is the original in translation, if he can feel how skillfully the author has chosen the word also makes the word so convincing.
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More Citation Formats
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