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PROBLEMS AND METHODS OF LITERARY TRANSLATION Orekhina-Ryzhina V.A.1, Saburova D.2 Email: Orekhina-Ryzhina6109@scientifictext.ru
1Orekhina-Ryzhina Vita Aleksandrovna - Senior Teacher;
2Saburova Dilnoza - Student, DEPARTMENT OF THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TRANSLATION, FACULTY OF TRANSLATION, UZBEK STATE WORLD LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: literal translation poses a serious threat to literature, which does not take into account the general linguistic and extralinguistic context in the text of the literary work. It focuses on expressing the content of individual words, undermining the integrity of the fictional text and thus the artistic purpose of the work conceived by the author. In the end, professional translation is not a perfect translation literally, but rather, thanks to the use of completely different words, it is the preservation of objective and subjective information in a work.
Keywords: speech verbs, lexical equivalents, lexical-syntactic transformation, semantic specialization, semantic generalization (widening of meaning), syntactic integration, grammar substitution, lacunas.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ И СПОСОБЫ ПЕРЕВОДА ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ Орехина-Рыжина В.А.1, Сабурова Д.2
1Орехина-Рыжина Вита Александровна - старший преподаватель;
2Сабурова Дилноза - студент, кафедра теории и практики перевода, переводческий факультет, Узбекский государственный университет иностранных языков, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Aннотация: дословный перевод представляет собой серьезную угрозу для литературы, которая не учитывает общий лингвистический и экстралингвистический контекст в тексте литературного произведения. Он фокусируется на выражении содержания отдельных слов, подрывая целостность Художественного текста и тем самым художественную цель произведения, задуманного автором. В конце концов, профессиональный перевод - это не идеальный перевод буквально, а, скорее, благодаря использованию совершенно разных слов, это сохранение объективной и субъективной информации в произведении. Ключевые слова: речевые глаголы, лексические эквиваленты, лексико-синтаксическая трансформация, семантическая специализация, семантическое обобщение (расширение значения), синтаксическая интеграция, грамматическая подстановка, лакуны.
UDC 34 7.78.034
Introduction. The main tasks in translating works of different genres are inextricably linked with the literary side of the text, and not the linguistic one. One of the necessary criteria is to preserve the artistic value of the work as much as possible and to achieve maximum equivalence. Since the grammatical features of the text are of low value even in the "adherent-translator" strategy, the syntactic features of a sentence in the original language, verb forms, are preserved in the translated language [3].
When it comes to transformation at different levels of the language, attention is drawn to the discussion of lexical transformation, morphological-syntactic transformation, and even phonetic transformation [2].
The most successful implementation of lexical transformation is determined by the practical existence of close or partial equivalents. The advantage of equivalents is that their content does not depend on the context, i.e. the use of equivalents does not affect the essence of the work, as well as its artistic value.
In this case, the extra-linguistic context comes to the rescue (in the extra-linguistic context, one can express a positive meaning in negative forms, desire - in a conditional form, or even a single meaning - in a plural number [4, 138], as well as a translation of the word Cultural information, which it conveys into another language, without losing its artistic value, is a particularly challenging task.
We will look at the Uzbek interpretation of all English speech verbs in a literary context by analyzing the following passages. It should be noted that in most cases the presence of absolute or partial equivalents of speech verbs in the vocabulary of the studied languages contributes to the translation process. However, there are also unexpected cases with unusual use of speech verbs and inconsistent translation, even with the help of equivalents, about which special care should be taken.
The most common situation in the English-Russian-Uzbek literary translation was the transformation of speech verbs, which express the most specific narrow meaning, through speech verbs with a general meaning. This is not due to a lack of lexical equivalents, but due to the unnatural sound and awkward translation created by their use. We see this in the translation of many sentences: "I don't think it's that much," Lucille objected skeptically [6, 42].
The interpretation of the above statement requires special attention. The verb "cry" has a neutral character in English and is widely used in relation to simple loud conversation, in which case it will not respond with its dictionary translation "baqirmo^", " кричать", which means "to scream". someone ".
Replacing the lexical units reply and respond with the verbs айтмок and сузламокш the following sentences help to avoid awkward translation: 'Before I could reply that he was my neighbor dinner was announced; ...'[5, 13]. 'Кушним эканлигини айтиб улгурмасимдан, кечки овкат эълон килинди... ' "I thought you might be here," she responded absently as I came up [5, 41]. "Шу ерда булсанг керак деб уйлагандим," келишим хамоно бепарво сузлади у.
The lexeme "speak" is one of the main components of the group of English speech verbs, and it is as versatile as the lexeme "say". We can see this in the interpretation of the following sentences: First, it can be replaced by a number of idioms: "I was about to speak when she sat up alert and said" Shs! »Warning voice. 'Сузлагани огиз жуфтлаган[6, 202] эдим хамки, у хушёр тортиб, жим ишораси билан огзимни ёпди.
Another feature of the English language is the addition of various prepositions to the verb in order to give it additional new meaning.
We see this in the example of one of the verbs of the group "shouting": 'I decided to call to him. But I didnt call to him, for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone ' [3, 23]. 'Уникига боришга карор килгандим. Аммо ёлгиз колишдан мамнун ёканлигига шаъма килгач, бундай килмадим. '
It should be noted that the influence of mentality on the translation process is also felt. Although the lexical translation of the verb 'каргамок' is known to be 'curse', it can come as a translational alternative to the speech lexeme 'scold'. In Uzbek Muslim culture, if there is a possibility that the image of a woman scolding is embodied in our minds, then the image of a woman cursing is absolutely foreign:'There were very bloody towels upon the bathroom floor, and women' s voices scolding, and high over the confusion a long broken wail of pain'[3, 37]. 'Х,аммомхона юзасида конли сочиклар ётар, аёлларнинг каргаётган овозлари келар хамда талотуп ичра узун, огрикдан инграган овоз эшитилар эди.'
In addition to the above information, we may encounter the phenomenon of a gap (the absence of an alternative to a word in the target language that has a certain meaning in the original language [2, 148]) in the English-Uzbek translation of the language. speech verbs. As one of the well-established methods, of course, this semantic information is embodied in
the translated text by means of an explanatory phrase: "I would not ask too much of her," I ventured [3, 104]. "Ундан куп нарса талаб килмаган булардим," дедим хаддим сигиб. Conclusion. Based on our research, the following conclusions were drawn: Most verbs of the formal style of the target language fall into the category of neutral everyday English vocabulary.
Most of the verbs of English speech from the "shout" group do not have negative connotations, as in the semantic group of the target languages of the same name. This is why they are used extensively in English every day.
The absence of lexemes (lacunae) reflecting the meaning expressed by certain speech verbs in the English language creates the need for a descriptive equivalent.
References / Список литературы
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3. Rakhmatullaev Shavkat. Annotated phraseological dictionary of the Uzbek language. Teacher Publishing House, Tashkent-1978.
4. Kazakova Tamara A. Strategies of Literary Translation, Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences. № 12 (2015). St. Petersburg.
5. Tukhtasinov I.M. The structure of the phenomenon of equivalence and its importance for translation strategies, Modern Romano-German linguistics and new pedagogical technologies in language teaching, Materials of the Republican scientific-practical conference, Samarkand, 2018.
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