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Berdiyev A.H. associate professor Department "Innovative economics" Karshi engineering-economics institute
PRIORITY TASKS OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS
Abstract. Agriculture is the cornerstone of human civilization, providing sustenance, livelihoods, and economic stability to billions worldwide. However, the sector faces multifaceted challenges ranging from climate change and resource depletion to market volatility and technological gaps. To navigate these challenges and unleash the full potential of agriculture, prioritizing tasks in its development is imperative. This article delves into the priority tasks of agricultural development and explores effective implementation mechanisms to realize sustainable growth.
Keywords: economic reforms, agricultural development, market conditions, investment attraction, food security, agribusiness environment.
INTRODUCTION. In the process of economic reforms implemented in our country, the organizational, economic and legal foundations that ensure the stable development of agriculture in market conditions, in particular, the improvement of the state management system in the field, the wide introduction of market relations, the sub-sector that grows, processes and sells agricultural products. Certain works are being carried out to strengthen the legal basis of relations between entities, to attract investments to the sector, to introduce resource-saving technologies, and to provide producers of agricultural products with modern techniques.
As one of the main goals of the structural and economic reform of the agriculture of our country, in the conditions of modernization and diversification of the economy, providing the population with food products and industrial enterprises with raw materials on the basis of sustainable development and increasing competitiveness of the sector has an important national economic significance.
Therefore, the next stages of agricultural development are the following, i.e. deepening market reforms and further liberalizing the economy, ensuring the rapid development of the private sector, increasing its share in the country's economy, and the development of economic entities. It is necessary to recognize that priority areas such as deepening and expanding the scope of work, deepening reforms in the banking and financial systems have been defined.
Currently, diversification of production in the agricultural sector, improvement of land and water relations, creation of a favorable agribusiness environment and high added value chain, support for the development of
cooperative relations, wide introduction of market mechanisms, information and communication technologies in the sector, as well as the effective use of scientific achievements and increasing the potential of personnel are the current issues of the field.
LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. In
this regard, in order to develop the sector and form it based on a modern system in the future, to ensure the development of this sector, which supplies the population with food and raw materials for the industry, "Strategy for the development of agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2020-2030" was approved by the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-5853 dated October 23, 2019.
Today, a number of activities are being carried out within the framework of the strategy of agricultural development for 2020-2030 and the following 9 priority areas
network defined in it:
❖ development and implementation of the state food safety policy;
❖ creating a favorable agribusiness environment and added value chain;
❖ introduction of mechanisms to reduce state participation in the sector and increase investment attractiveness;
❖ rational use of natural resources and improvement of the environment protection system;
❖ development of modern management systems;
❖ increasing the efficiency of state expenditures and gradual redistribution through the development of network programs;
❖ development of the system of science, education, information and consulting services;
❖ implementation of programs for the development of rural areas;
❖ will serve the future development and progress of the industry, such as creating a transparent system of statistics.
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS. In recent years, large-scale work has been carried out on the reform of agriculture and the introduction of market mechanisms. After all, our country has great potential in agriculture. It should be noted that a quarter of the country's gross domestic product (25.1 percent by the end of 2022) falls on this sector. At the same time, about 24.9 percent of the employed population in the republic (as of the end of the 3rd quarter of 2022) corresponds to the agricultural sector, this indicator is 3.5 million.
This shows that the role of the agricultural sector is extremely important not only in ensuring the stability of the economy and improving the well-being of the population, but also directly depends on the reforms implemented in the sector.
On the other hand, it should be said that due to problems such as climate change, shortage of water resources, land degradation, which has become more and more intense in recent years, this sector in Uzbekistan has remained in the
vortex of a number of problems and threats. In addition, problems such as the lack of reforms based on full market relations in this sector over the years, that is, the fact that this sector was the most regulated by the state, state orders, limited and non-protection of land use rights. efficiency in the network caused a decrease in performance indicators.
In this regard, a number of agrarian reforms related to the modernization and rapid development of agriculture have been carried out in our country since 2017, in accordance with the action strategy for the further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021.
In particular,
• in order to improve the state management system in the field of agriculture, the Ministries of Agriculture and Water Management were reorganized, and the main tasks and areas of activity of the Ministries were determined;
• in 2019, the Strategy of Agriculture Development for 2020-2030 was adopted;
• from 2020, the state monopoly was abolished by introducing market principles to the cultivation, purchase and sale of cotton and grain;
• in 2021, measures were set to ensure equality and transparency in land relations, reliable protection of rights to land and turning them into a market asset.
Also, in accordance with the development strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026, increasing the income of peasants and farmers by at least 2 times through the intensive development of agriculture on a scientific basis, and bringing the annual growth of agriculture to at least 5% as a priority goal marked.
In general, as a result of the work carried out in this field in the last 6 years, a stable annual growth rate of gross agricultural production was achieved.
Changes in the volume of agricultural gross production, in
percent
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
I
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
In the past period, the boycott of Uzbek cotton and textile products in the international market was ended. Uzbekistan received the GSP+ trade status, which
4
3
2
1
0
provides duty-free import of textile products to the European Union, as a result of which the export of this product increased to 1.2 billion in 2017. 3.2 billion dollars in 2022. an increase to the dollar was achieved.
Also, due to the decreasing water resources, a number of measures are being implemented in this area. In particular, the concept of water management development for 2020-2030 was approved. It should be noted that in 2017-2022, a total of 1.4 mln. water-saving technologies were introduced on the hectare area. The goal is one - to ensure food security and increase people's well-being, along with economic profit.
Especially in our country, the policy of optimization of arable land and regionalization of agricultural crops, cluster system, creation of modern greenhouses, and expansion of homesteading practices made it possible to significantly increase the standard of living of the rural population.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In conclusion, it should be noted that today about 50 percent of the country's population lives in the regions that make up 4 quarters of the economy and about 3.5 million people. Acceleration of relevant reforms in this field, where people are busy, will certainly serve to increase the well-being of the population of our country and ensure stable economic development in the future.
Agriculture is a field rich in additional opportunities. The prosperity of our markets and the well-being of our lives largely depend on it. After all, the land of our country is generous. Therefore, we consider it expedient to carry out the following works in order to fundamentally reform the agrarian sector and adapt it to market requirements in the coming years:
- improvement of agricultural land use;
- increase the efficiency of water use;
- state support for agriculture and improvement of the state procurement system;
- increasing the export potential of agriculture and increasing the volume of products with added value;
- formation of a competitive environment in the field of agricultural services;
- wide introduction of information technologies in agriculture and ensuring the accuracy of data through full digitization of agricultural statistics;
- solving personnel issues, developing science.
- development of optimal decisions on the placement of agricultural crops, improvement of the competitiveness of the agricultural and food sectors by developing and implementing innovative technologies in the agricultural sector, modern methods of growing intensive and high-yielding varieties of agricultural crops, as well as, wide introduction of market mechanisms in the agricultural sector, gradual cancellation of state orders in cotton and grain production, full introduction of the private sector into the sector, development of clusters, cooperatives and farming, reduction of state participation in the sector, basic types
of coordination of the activities of ministries, agencies, economic associations and other organizations, as well as local executive authorities, to ensure food safety by organizing a continuous supply of food products;
- through the introduction of modern information and communication technologies, including on the basis of the study of advanced international experience, when necessary, involving foreign consultants for these purposes, developing, agreeing, conducting expertise and improving the review system.
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