CC BY
0
Berdiyev A.H. associate professor Department "Innovative economics" Karshi engineering-economics institute
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF FREE MARKET RELATIONS OF COTTON TEXTILE CLUSTERS
Annotation. Much attention is paid to the introduction of market relations and experience, proven in international practice and of great importance in economic development. One of them is the clusters that are now being created in the textile and light industry of our economy.
The cotton-textile cluster operating in our republic is also a practical confirmation of a new approach to agriculture. Agroclusters organized in cotton growing, horticulture and other areas show their advantages in all aspects.
Keywords: Cotton-textile cluster, free market, competitiveness, production efficiency, productivity, productivity, futures contract, commodity exchange, export, import, agricultural sector.
INTRODUCTION. The sustainable development and progress of our country's agriculture depends on increasing its competitiveness. Establishment of agroclusters is an important factor in development and structural renewal.
In recent years, great attention has been paid to the implementation of market relations and experiences, which have been tested in international practice and are of great importance in the development of the economy, in our country. One of them is clusters, which are currently being launched in the textile and light industry sector of our economy.
The cotton-textile cluster operating in our republic is also a practical confirmation of the new approach to agriculture. Agroclusters organized in cotton farming, horticulture and other areas are showing their advantages in all aspects.
Currently, our productivity is 35-40 centners per hectare, after forming the cluster system, this indicator will reach 70-80 centners. Of course, these results are achieved through the use of new technologies, that is, the experiences of developed countries.
Frankly, until now in the agrarian sector of our republic there have been shortcomings in the issue of personnel and the implementation of an innovative approach to production. Although more than 3,000 graduates graduate from 7 specialized higher education institutions every year, the shortage of personnel was clearly felt in the regions. The reason was that there was a lack of organization of work in the system and the placement of personnel. Due to the lack of knowledge and skills in the field, the opportunities for placing crops and obtaining high yields were lost. Now, steps have been taken to solve all such problems step by step and to provide necessary specialists and financial resources for this.
LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.
In the strategy of agricultural development for 2020-2030, the greatest attention is focused on market mechanisms. At the heart of this is the goal that the farmer should earn income from the land after working. At the same time, it also provides for ensuring food safety. The increase in the number of the population from year to year leads to an increase in the need in the market. Therefore, the most important ways to meet the growing need is to increase productivity and productivity.
After all, if the people and peasants are rich, the state will also be rich. The strategy of agricultural development in Uzbekistan is important because it is full of vital and specific tasks and is aimed at such noble goals.
President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, on December 12, 2023, in his meetings dedicated to "Measures for the further development of free market relations in agriculture", the following were specifically addressed: the future development of agriculture and existing problems in the cotton industry, reorganizing relations between clusters and farmers, introducing advanced approaches to cotton seed production
"Starting from the harvest of 2024, relations between cotton raw material growers and cotton-textile clusters will be established in a new order.
Before the seed is planted, futures contracts within the framework of soil productivity between the farms and the cluster within the region are concluded through trades held for each region in the "cotton raw material section" of the Commodity Exchange.
In this case, the farmer places the amount of cotton he grows on the stock exchange, and the regional cluster that offers a higher price concludes a futures contract with this farmer. The initial price is determined based on the average price of cotton fiber in the last 12 months on the New York Stock Exchange.
Farms sell cotton raw material or primary and secondary products obtained from the futures contract directly to the cluster that concluded the futures contract or to any entity through the exchange.
When cotton raw material is grown at the expense of farmers' own funds, including commercial loans, it was determined that cotton raw material and primary and secondary products obtained from it can be freely sold on the stock exchange.
In addition, while discussing the issues of state support for agriculture and improvement of the state procurement system, it was pointed out that the main part of the budget funds should be spent on increasing the productivity of the land, introducing water-saving technologies, and developing science. tongue
Special attention was paid to the issues of increasing the export potential of the industry and increasing the volume of production of value-added products, and the world experience in this regard was analyzed.
For example, 1 hectare of land in Turkey produces 2,000 dollars worth of produce, 8,000 dollars in Egypt, and 12,000 dollars in Israel. In Uzbekistan, this
indicator does not exceed 300 dollars. Our products cannot compete in the foreign market due to the constant supply of goods of the same standard. It is necessary to ensure sufficient foreign currency income for the modernization and sustainable development of the economy, for this we need to increase the competitiveness of our products and increase their export. In order to widely introduce modern market relations in the agricultural sector, we should pay special attention to the development of cotton-textile clusters"8, - the necessary tasks like these were determined. This will undoubtedly serve the development of this industry in the future.
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS About the work carried out by cotton-textile clusters, a total of 134 cotton-textile clusters will operate in the Republic in 2022.
In 2022, cotton-textile clusters will grow cotton raw materials on 1,034,223 hectares of land.
Cotton-textile clusters will increase cotton productivity by 10 centners by involving advanced modern innovative technologies during the cultivation of raw cotton.
Information about cotton weaving clusters in our republic 9
T/r Regions Number of clusters Cotton crop area allocated for clusters, ha
1. Republic of Karakalpakstan 11 86 791
2. Andijan 15 78 991
3. Bukhara 11 99 220
4. Jizzakh 6 77 900
5. Kashkadarya 18 136 036
6. Navoi 4 31 655
7. Namangan 7 63 406
8. Samarkand 11 75 356
9. Surkhandarya 11 72 370
10. Syrdarya 9 75 500
11. Fergana 13 82 080
12. Tashkent 6 72 161
13. Khorezm 12 82 757
Total 134 1 034 223
Cotton-textile clusters are carrying out the following activities to obtain high-yield cotton harvest, including:
❖ Phosphorous fertilizers from abroad (Russia, Kazakhstan) to feed the land areas where seeds are planted, and chemical preparations for pest control
8 President of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoev, on September 12, the information of the meeting dedicated to the issues of full implementation of the work being carried out to increase the revenues to the state budget, achieving the set macroeconomic indicators by the end of 9 months and the end of the year, and accelerating the introduction of clusters in the cotton-textile sector.
9 Information from the Financial and Economic Department of Kashkadarya region.
during agrotechnical treatments are purchased from China, Turkey, Russia, the USA, Australia, Sweden and other countries, planting seeds is carried out in modern 6, 8, 10, 12 row pneumatic seed drills manufactured in China, USA, Turkey, France, Germany, Sweden.
❖ in places where it is difficult to irrigate the areas planted with cotton, irrigation works are carried out with the introduction of modern drip irrigation technologies, and it is planned to achieve cotton production of 50-60 centners per hectare.
Cotton-textile clusters use modern methods of cotton picking, including cotton picking machines manufactured in the USA (John Deere), Germany (Case), China and other countries.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. In conclusion, one of the important aspects of the organization of an agrocluster is the high level of trust of its participants in each other through the implementation of collaborative projects that include the production, processing, sale, and research processes of agricultural products.
Based on the need to systematically improve the legal, organizational and economic relations between the economic entities and the network, formed as a result of institutional and structural changes in agriculture in Uzbekistan, a new approach to the establishment of agroclusters implementation of the direction should become one of the important tasks of the agrarian policy today.
References:
1. On September 12, the President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev promised to complete the work on increasing the revenues to the state budget, to achieve the set macroeconomic indicators by the end of 9 months and the end of the year, and to introduce clusters in the cotton-textile sector. meeting information on acceleration issues.
2. Information about the meeting of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev on the priority directions of the development of agriculture in 2020-2030 on September 6.
3. Information about the meeting of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev on December 12, 2023, dedicated to "Measures for the further development of free market relations in agriculture".
4. Hakimovich, B. A., & Khudayberdiyevna, D. M. (2020). Advantages of introducing agrocluster in agriculture. International Journal on Orange Technologies, 2(11), 37-40.
5. Бердиев, А. Х., & Расулов, Х. К. (2020). Современный экономический механизм развития сельского хозяйства. Вестник науки и образования, (5-1 (83)), 41-45.
6. Hakimovich, B. A. (2021). Measures to Increase the Popularity Of Banking Services. International Journal of Modern Agriculture, 10(2), 3943-3949.
7. Бердиев, А. Х. (2020). Использование инноваций в сельском хозяйстве является главным фактором эффективности. Вестник науки и образования, (3-2 (81)), 9-14.
8. Berdiyev, A. H., & Rasulov, K. K. (2022). Prospects for Cluster Activities in the Agricultural Sector: Problems and Solutions. Journal of Marketing and Emerging Economics, 2(5), 99-108.
9. Berdiyev, A. H., & Rasulov, K. K. (2022). Implementing Digital Technologies in Agricultural Sector. Journal of Marketing and Emerging Economics, 2(5), 109113.
10. Berdiyev, A. H., & Rasulov, K. K. (2022). Issues of Increasing the Investment Potential of the Regions. Journal of Marketing and Emerging Economics, 2(5), 93-98.
8.Файзиева Ш. Ш., Юлдашева Ш. А. ВЛИЯНИЕ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ ДЕШЕВОГО ЖИЛЬЯ НА ОБНОВЛЕННЫЕ МОДЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРОЕКТЫ В СЕЛЬСКИХ МЕСТАХ НА БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ //Экономика и социум. - 2020. - №. 12-2 (79). - С. 268-272.
9.Самиева Г. Т., Номазов Б. УЗБЕКИСТАН НА ПУТИ К СОКРАЩЕНИЮ БЕДНОСТИ: ОПЫТ КИТАЯ //Экономика и социум. - 2022. - №. 10-1 (101).
- С. 530-536.
11. Taylakova D. B. ENSURING EMPLOYMENT THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICES IN RURAL AREAS //Экономика и социум.
- 2022. - №. 12-1 (103). - С. 262-269.Taylakova D. B. ENSURING EMPLOYMENT THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICES IN RURAL AREAS //Экономика и социум. - 2022. - №. 12-1 (103). - С. 262-269.
12. Normamatov I.B. REDUCTION OF EXTERNAL BANK CIRCULATION OF CASH AS A COMPULSORY CONDITION IN DEVELOPMENT OF PAYMENT BY CHEQUE IN COUNTRIES OF CIS // Экономика и социум. 2020. №12 (79). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/reduction-of-external-bank-circulation-of-cash-as-a-compulsory-condition-in-development-of-payment-by-cheque-in-countries-of-cis
13. Mukhayyo Dustova. (2023). PROSPECTS OF IMPROVING INDEPENDENT EDUCATION IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM OF UZBEKISTAN. Intent Research Scientific Journal, 2(3), 30-34. Retrieved from https://intentresearch.org/index.php/irsj/article/view/46
14. Номазов Б Курбанов А.Б.,. ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ И ПРИНЦИПЫ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ // Экономика и социум. 2022. №10-1 (101).
