CC BY
5
Khalikov T.L. assistant
«Other in networks Bugalteriya account and audit» department
Samarkand economy and service Institute
IMPROVEMENT OF KLASTERS PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Abstract. This article analyzes the performance indicators of cotton-textile clusters. Also, some shortcomings and imperfections of the existing criteria for evaluating the activity of cotton-textile clusters using a 100-point scale were identified, and recommendations were presented for improving the methodological basis for evaluating the effectiveness of cotton-textile clusters.
Key words: cluster, cotton-textile cluster, efficiency, industry, methodological bases, assessment, production and industrial structures, regional integration.
Recently, in a number of priority sectors, in particular, in cotton production, the organization of production is being carried out using this method - a group of enterprises united in a single technological chain in which science, education and production are mutually integrated. In this integration, primary raw materials go through all stages of processing step by step, adding value and turning into a high-quality final product.
In order to develop the textile industry, in particular, the cotton complex, clusters were established in each region of our republic. Practice shows that the clustering of cotton production has largely led to the improvement of reforms in agriculture, farming and other sectors of the cotton production complex.
In modern conditions, the industrial cluster is considered as a market mechanism for qualitatively changing economic systems, which contributes to the integrated form of organization of production, ensures high rates of economic development, accelerates innovation in certain conditions, increases labor productivity, and helps to increase labor productivity. and maintaining the country's strategic priorities and dynamic competitiveness. In this regard, the organization of clusters in the development of inter-sectoral relations in the enterprises of the industrial complex is an urgent issue.
The industrial cluster was economically beneficial for market participants, directly leading to an increase in production capacity, which in turn served to increase the volume of production, improve economic relations, and increase economic efficiency.
At the same time, it is necessary to improve the methodical basis for evaluating the efficiency of cotton-textile clusters in Uzbekistan.
The tasks of forming and operating the competitiveness of enterprises, introducing the cluster method in their management are dedicated to the work of foreign economic scientists. The founders of the "cluster" theory and the most
famous researchers in this regard are A. Marshall and M. Porter. Important scientific work of these two scientists and economists should be noted in the emergence and development of the world cluster concept.
According to A. Marshall, an English economist of the 20th century, who was the first to pay attention to the reasons for the localization of production, the emergence of the main production leads to the emergence of auxiliary industries that provide this production. He identified a synergistic effect obtained due to free access to suppliers, the availability of a skilled labor market, and relations between enterprises [1].
In modern times, the cluster method has been thoroughly studied in the theory of competitive advantages developed by the head of Harvard Business School, Michael Porter. Porter was the first to pay attention to the essence of cluster theory. "This theory connects the growth of competitiveness with the continuous improvement of the economic environment, the state of which depends on a wide range of macro and microeconomic factors presented by M. Porter in his diamond model (Diamond model)" [2].
In the scientific works of Russian scientists, the issues of economic clustering are also widely covered. For example, in the research of NVSmorodinskaya, clusters are described as industrial agglomerations, and they represent a network alliance of firms and related organizations entering into interactive cooperation at different stages of the value chain [3].
In addition to foreign scientists, studies on the promotion of the cluster approach in Uzbekistan's industry were carried out by MARakhmatov [5], NM Makhmudov [5], SMQosimov, SSG'ulomov, S. Salihov, A.Sh. Bekmurodov [6], DKAkhmedov, Sh. It was carried out by I.Mustafagulov, M.Tillokhodjayev, D.Qurbonova [7], D.Mirzakhalilova [8], G.Zokhidov [9], RAGulyayev [10] and others.
The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is based on the fundamental concepts of well-known scientists dealing with the problems of the industrial cluster, presented in modern and classical literature, using statistical data sources, including official data of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan. works. The Association of Cotton-Textile Clusters of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as separate regulatory documents, reports of relevant offices and organizations, technical and economic justification and scientific justification of production, comparative, economic and applied methods such as statistical, grouping methods, expert evaluations.
The cluster policy implemented in the cotton and textile industry in our country has shown its positive results. As a result of the application of this policy, several indicators of the development of cotton cultivation in our country improved.
In particular, even during the pandemic, the average yield of raw cotton has increased from 23.3 centners to 27.99 centners per hectare in three years.
At the same time, the share of cotton fiber processing in our country is 95 percent. This indicates that the cotton fiber produced in the Republic of Uzbekistan is gradually and thoroughly processed, and the final finished product is exported.
It should also be noted that with the introduction of the cluster method in the agricultural sector of Uzbekistan, the average productivity increased by 4.9 centners compared to the lands outside the cluster, and an additional 428 thousand tons of cotton were harvested. In the 40 districts transferred to the cluster, the average yield was higher than in the following 10 years. This is a great achievement for Uzbekistan, which has limited land and water resources. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, the average yield of raw cotton in 2020 was 2.89 tons/ha, which is 0.53 tons/ha higher than outside the cluster and 0.77 tons/ha higher than in 2018.
The increase in productivity has been the result of large private investment in the introduction of modern technologies and the adoption of advanced agricultural practices. Many clusters have analyzed their soil and updated their agrochemical maps on 149,200 hectares of land leased for direct farming. For planting and efficient use of water, organic fertilizers were applied to 138,200 hectares, deep plowing to 167,800 hectares, drip irrigation to 9,400 hectares, and laser leveling to 10,100 hectares.
Studies have shown that the added value chain of clusters in Uzbekistan is not fully focused on the final result - the production of high-quality finished textile products. The technologies, raw materials and materials used at each link of the chain do not allow to ensure the high quality of the finished product that meets the requirements of the domestic and international market. In this regard, there are "gaps" in some parts of the chain due to the unprofitability and financial instability of enterprises.
However, it should be noted that this technique has a number of disadvantages and, like all economic tools, it needs to be improved. In particular, in the direction of creating a continuous production chain from the cultivation of cotton raw materials to the sale as a finished product, in the second paragraph "Introduction of modern production facilities" "modern production facilities" production, year of production, manufacturer and given the concept of other requirements for production facilities is not clear enough. This, in turn, leads to uncertainty and disagreements in the process of monitoring the activities of cotton-textile clusters.
At the same time, several sections of the direction "Efficient use of land and water resources, application of new and modern methods and technologies", in particular, planning of cultivated areas with laser coating, reuse of irrigated land, increasing soil fertility measures etc. require additional adjustments.
We believe that these criteria should be reconsidered. Since the activity of cotton-textile clusters is seasonal, the harvest is good only in April-November. In addition, we know that indicators such as soil fertility and moisture, air
temperature, water supply and precipitation vary by region. In this regard, based on the characteristics of the regions, there was a need to revise the criteria for evaluating the efficiency of cotton-textile clusters.
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