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Matyakubov O.Sh. senior lecturer
Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies
Eshmatov I. Ya. senior lecturer
Animal Husbandry and Poultry Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan
PECULIARITIES OF BEEF CATTLE BREEDING IN THE FERGANA
VALLEY OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. The article summarizes the results of the study of the ability and economic useful qualities of meat breeds of animals. In the conditions of the Fergana Valley, the breeding of the most effective options for crossing black-and-white breeds with the Holstein breed and obtaining their crosses from local breeds turned out to be more flexible and economically profitable in the conditions of the Fergana Valley, which allowed to increase their number and more allows to increase. production of cheap and environmentally friendly beef to meet the needs of the population.
Key words: Cattle (cattle), crossbreed, Black-Ola, Holstein, breed, genotype, breeding.
The task of the agro-industrial complex is, first of all, to provide the population with various raw materials for food, especially meat, milk, oil, and light industry.
Animal husbandry is the second important branch of agriculture. It provides the population with high-protein and dietary food products and raw materials for a number of industries. The peculiarity of its development is that the energy density of livestock products (energy costs per calorie of the product) is 15...20 times higher than that of crop production.
In addition, without sufficient consumption of meat, developing organisms have reduced resistance to infectious diseases and other external factors. For example, air pollution is as relevant today as climate change. It is also necessary to take into account the increase in negative information for the nervous system of children: conflicts between parents, nervous breakdowns in their offspring, bullying (bullying at school), Internet trolling, etc.
Literature analysis and methodology. According to the State Statistics Committee, the number of cattle in Uzbekistan increased by 9. 2% in the last four years and reached 13. 56 million head as of January 1, 2022. In particular, the growth in 2018 was 2 percent, in 2019 - 1. 2 percent, in 2020 - 1. 8 percent, and in 2021 - 3. 1 percent. At the same time, the number of cattle in peasant (personal assistant) farms increased by 6. 8% from the beginning of 2018 to the end of 2021 and reached 12. 47 million heads. As you can see, the share of farmers in livestock is slowly but surely decreasing: from 94 percent in 2018 to 92 percent in 2021.
Live weight meat production in Uzbekistan for 4 years increased by 15. 8% to 2. 64 million tons, including 5. 7% in 2018, 1. 4% in 2019, 2. 1% in 2020, 4. 8% in 2021 percent. Here, too, the main product belongs to peasant farms, their share is steadily decreasing: from 92. 6 percent in 2018 to 89. 3 percent in 2021. All this indicates that the expansion of farms in the livestock sector in our country is gradually increasing. The reasons for this can be, for example, high organization and skill of farming, access to high-quality fodder, as well as the ability to attract and repay loans.
Until now, providing the population of our country with meat, including beef, on the basis of increasing the production of this type of product, remains one of the most important and urgent problems. The most effective way to solve this problem is to rationally use domestic and foreign cattle breeding resources, more fully implement the genetic potential of animals to convert nutrients into meat products, and introduce advanced resource-saving technologies. raising and feeding young animals, maximum use of local feed resources.
The development of animal husbandry allows the efficient use of natural fodder lands and serves to increase the production of low-quality beef. This requires the development of effective breeding methods, technology for preserving and improving their biological and productivity qualities, taking into account the specific natural, climatic and food conditions of the areas where animals are raised.
Fergana Valley is the main supplier of heavy leather raw materials, which are widely used in the production of hard and soft leather, as well as beef production. Currently, the leather industry of Uzbekistan is able to process almost the entire volume of leather raw materials, and only 30-40 percent of the production capacity is used.
As a result of the research conducted by a number of authors on the comparative study of the adaptive qualities of aboriginal cattle and meat cattle breeds brought from abroad, the methods of their further placement and regionalization, as well as crossbreeding and hybridization, using purebred breeding methods in the Fergana Valley were determined. with aboriginal genotypes of cattle.
In many cases, insufficient assessment of ecological specialization in the delivery of breeds to new areas with sharply different natural and fodder conditions has led to the loss of economically useful traits of breeds and their extinction. It has been scientifically proven that the selection of breeds for breeding in one or another new fodder-climate zone in beef cattle breeding is the basis of breeding and technological factors of the network. Therefore, when importing animals, it is necessary to take into account not only the level of productivity, but also their adaptation to the climate. The ability of reproductive function, and for this you need to know the biological characteristics of each breed, their requirements for environmental conditions. Creating appropriate
conditions for feeding and keeping imported animals, contributing to the manifestation of the heritage of genetic productivity resources.
Milk production of beef animals is considered only from the point of view of feeding calves. The main products from beef cattle are offspring and meat.
It is worth noting that the formation and development of the specialized meat livestock industry served to a certain extent to sell many herds, a number of breeding farms, livestock farms for meat breeding and their young livestock. its own production made a certain contribution to the country's food needs.
Summary. Summarizing research data on the creation of a specialized beef cattle breeding network in the Fergana Valley of our republic shows that their most acclimatization ability is the high productivity of purebred beef cattle. In the conditions of the Fergana Valley, the breeding of the most effective options for crossing black-and-white breeds with the Holstein breed and obtaining their crosses from local breeds turned out to be more flexible and economically profitable in the conditions of the Fergana Valley, which allowed to increase their number and more allows to increase. production of cheap and environmentally friendly beef to meet the needs of the population.
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