CC BY
0УДК 33 Atayeva G., Yayylova O., Muhadov R.
Atayeva G.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Yayylova O.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Muhadov R.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
ORGANIZATIONAL-LEGAL TYPES OF ENTERPRISES, DIVISION OF ENTERPRISES INTO GROUPS
Аннотация: this article provides brief information on the organizational-legal types of enterprises, the division of enterprises into groups. It also discusses the formation and transformation of organizational structures and the general and organizational structure of the enterprise.
Ключевые слова: economics, management, business economics, finance, financial account, assets, intangible assets, competitiveness.
As a complex socio-economic system, the status of the enterprise and its mission are reflected in the documents. Such documents include the passport of the enterprise and, if a comprehensive description is required, a portrait of the enterprise. Organizational-legal types of enterprises differ according to: - the obligation of the owner of the capital to personally participate in the management of the enterprise and its production, - on the level of property responsibility of citizens who are the owners
of the capital of the commercial organization carrying out business activities before the creditors, - on the possibility and procedure of returning funds invested in the basic (joint) capital of the enterprise, - on other rights and obligations of founders and participants.
In some countries, there are two types of business partnerships: a general partnership and a trust partnership.
A general partnership is one where the participants (full partners) are engaged in business activities on behalf of the company in accordance with the agreement entered into between them and are jointly liable for their property and its obligations, that is, the party that lends to the company to all of them and one of them at the same time. if it can claim full assets, it means the whole company. There must be a minimum of two participants, and there is no limit to the number of participants. If for any reason there is only one participant left, the general partnership becomes a partnership or is dissolved. The minimum share capital of such a company shall not be less than 100 times the minimum wage as of the date of registration of the foundation documents.
A complete company foundation document is the foundation agreement. It includes the procedure for establishing the company, the conditions for transferring property to it, the conditions and procedure for distributing profits and losses among participants, the procedure for managing the company's business, the procedure for the founders to leave the company, and the composition of the basic capital, etc. is determined.
There are three ways of conducting the business of a full-fledged company: -each participant conducts economic business independently on behalf of the company, - the participants conduct the business of the company together, that is, all transactions conducted on behalf of the company are carried out only on the basis of the joint decision of all participants, - conducting business is entrusted to one of the participants, and others, if they are going to conduct any transactions on behalf of the company, then this transaction is carried out on the basis of the power of attorney of
the participant who "manages". Each participant in a limited company has only one vote, regardless of his share in the share capital.
A trust company is a company in which there are two types of participants: one or more "full" partners who carry out business activities on behalf of the company and are liable for the company's obligations with all their assets, i.e., legal entrepreneurs, and the other is the company. are one or more "investors" (limited partners) who do not participate in the management of their business and bear the risk of losses related to the business of the company within the scope of their investment.
The minimum number of participants is two people, one of whom is a full partner and the other is an investor, the maximum number of participants is not limited. The management of a trust company is similar to that of a general partnership, but the chosen form of management is specified in the memorandum of association.
The advantage of both types of companies is the flexibility of their structure and the possibility of solving problems by agreement between the participants. There is no strict legal regulation, the management is very simple and formal. It is important that the company does not have to publicly report its business.
Its main disadvantage is that participants are liable with their own property (bettors are excluded). For this reason, the company focuses on low-risk areas of business, such as information consulting services, etc. It will be good if it is created in the fields. Economic communities play an important role in the country's economy.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Law of Turkmenistan "On State Support of Small and Medium Entrepreneurs". - Ashgabat, 2009;
2. Law of Turkmenistan "On Enterprises". - Ashgabat, 2000
