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Список использованной литературы:
1. А.Н. Гуда, М.А. Бутакова, Н.М. Нечитайло, А.В. Чернов. Информатика. - М.: Наука пресс, 2007.
2. О.Л. Гусева. Практикум по Visual Basic. - М.: Финансы и статистика, 2007.
3. Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 для профессионалов. Шаг за шагом: Практ.пособ. /Пер. с англ. - М.: Издательство ЭКОМ, 2001.
© Куллыева О., Глыджева Ч., Батырова М., Хатджиева Э., 2023
УДК 62
Кутлыев Г.,
доцент, кандидат технических наук Туркменский государственный институт финансов
OPERATING SYSTEMS, THEIR FUNCTIONS
Keywords:
operating system, computer, processes.
An operating system (English operating system) is a set of programs that manage computer resources, computing processes, and use these resources in computing. A resource here is any logical or hardware component of a computer. A computer's main resource is the processor's runtime and RAM. A resource can consist of a single computer that is running an operating system or multiple computers that are used in a computer network. A process is a sequence of events written in a program. Resource management has two functions:
• simplification of resource access;
• allocation of resources among competing processes
The operating system supports the user and application interface to solve the first problem. The operating system uses various algorithms to manage the memory and processor to solve the second task. The operating system is characterized by the following symbols:
• the number of users served by the system at once (single user and multiple users);
• the number of simultaneous processes (9 single-issue and multi-issue); type of computing system used (uniprocessor, multiprocessor, grid, distributed).
The composition of the operating system is organized in several levels. The core (kernel) of the operating system works directly with the hardware. Kernel is a program or set of programs that use the hardware features of a computer.
In computer software, data (English data) is a formalized representation of facts and ideas, which are suitable for processing and processing in some information process. Data is classified information. A fact is an assertion or condition that is proved and recognized as true. A common fact is an event or expression that happened. In computing, facts are unit values of data created or used. In computing, data and programs are distinguished. A program is a set of detailed instructions for solving a problem or doing a calculation on a computer. There are two types of data: binary and text. Binary data can only be processed with specialized software. Textual information, on the other hand, is accepted as written in one language. A computer program
is a sequence of instructions designed for execution on computing devices. A program is formatted as a file or group of files. The process of creating computer programs is called programming. Professionals involved in programming are called programmers. Most computer users use specialized programs to solve specific practical problems. Such programs are called application programs. For example, the Microsoft Office suite of applications are general-purpose applications.
A file (English file - a folder) is a set of any data that is named and placed in an external structure, and they are stored, arranged and processed as a unit.
A file contains software, digital data, text, encoded images, etc. can hold. A file system on a computer is a means of organizing the storage of files on a storage medium. In the operating system, the file is served by a special module called a file system driver. Each file has a name that is registered in a list of file names - the directory. A specific file has its name in the file system, its maximum size on disk, and a set of attributes assigned to the file. For a computer program, it doesn't matter what storage medium the file is on, it can only be specified by its name. On computer media, files are arranged in directories and folders.
A file or folder attribute can also be assigned to a file system. For this, you need to move the mouse pointer over the record with the name of the file or folder, and press the right mouse button, then the window in Figure 20 will appear on the screen. The file type (File type), location, size, creation date and time, last modified date and time, and last opened time are displayed in the popup window. Attributes to this file are given in the boxes to the right of the Attribute: entry in the following window. If the file should be opened and read only, check the box in front of the Only for reading entry, and if you want to keep the file hidden, check the box in front of the Secret entry. A file can have both of these attributes.
File naming can be given automatically by the computer if the user saves the information created in the program that he is running, or by the user himself in a window that pops up when he clicks the save or save... entries on the program's desktop. For example, Figure 21 shows the window for saving a file written in MS Word. A file name or a new name can be given by typing an entry in the box to the right of the File name: entry in the window. The file can be given a name of up to 255 characters. National characters can also be used in names. The filename contains the following characters:
• Use is prohibited. A filename can contain multiple dots, and the entry after the last dot is called the file extension. The following operations can be performed with files:
• copying, in which a copy of the file is placed in another folder;
• change the location, the file itself is moved to another location;
• remove, the record about the file is removed from the folder;
• rename, the file in the folder itself is renamed.
The user performs the task of solving his problems on the computer by giving it commands. Commands can be issued in a variety of ways depending on the type of operating system. In early operating systems, commands were issued from the "command line". With the improvement of operating systems, the importance of the "command line" in computer processing has decreased, its work is performed by the graphical user interface of the operating system, which is very reliable and user-friendly.
References:
1. Babakuliyev M., Mukhammetberdiev O.Glossary of terms of information technologies. Ashgabat. Science, 2004.
2. Kuliev D., Arazmyradov T., Berenov M., Garyagdiyev N. Working on a computer. Ashgabat. Turkmen State Publishing House Service, 2005.
© KyTHbieB r., 2023
