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14Systematic notes..., 2020, 121: 37-41 https://doi.org/10.17223/20764103.121.4
УДК 581.95:582.711.712(497.2)
New record of Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim. (Rosaceae) for the flora of Bulgaria
A.N. Tashev1*, S.T. Bancheva2
department of Dendrology, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,
Sofia, Bulgaria
*Author for correspondence: altashev@mail.ru
Abstract. The article provides information about the new finding for Bulgaria (Vitosha Mountain Range) of an East Asian species Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim., invasive for Europe and North America.
Key words: alien species, Bulgaria, floristic findings, Rubus phoenicolasius.
The genus Rubus L. includes about 750 species (Thompson, 1995) distributed in all continents except Antarctica (Hummer, 1996). The genus is economically and ecologically important as fruit crops, ornamentals, invasive weeds, and a member in the early forest succession (Howarth et al., 1997; Alice, Campbel, 1999). Rubus has long been deemed taxonomically challenging due to apomixis, polyploidy, lack of a universal species concept, and frequent hybridization (Thompson, 1997; Wang et al., 2016). The most recent global taxonomical revision of Rubus was given by W.O. Focke (1914), where the genus was divided into 12 subgenera and the numerous sections and series (Alice, Campbel, 1999; Wang et al., 2016). The Rubus section Idaeobatus Focke includes 88 species that are shrubs, rarely sub-shrubs or herbs, usually with robust or needle-like prickles. Leaves pinnately or palmately compound, (3-)5-11(-15)-foliolate, or simple; stipules persistent, mostly adnate to petiole base, narrower than petiole, rarely broader, undivided, sometimes lobed. Flowers bisexual, in cymose panicles, subracemes or corymbs, rarely several in clusters or solitary. Aggregate fruit separating from torus at maturity, hollow (Lingdi, Boufford, 2003).
A species Rubus phoenicolasius was found in Bulgaria at the foot of the Vitosha Mountain Range (Bulgaria) above the Sofia quarter of Simenovo during fieldwork in the summer of 2014 (Tashev, 2020). Previously, this species was not known from in Bulgaria. Our attention was attracted by the leaves and stems of the plant covered with a dense layer of emergences and glandular hairs that are unusual for Bulgarian representatives of Rubus. According to a phylogenetic study (Yang et al., 2012), R. phoenicolasius belongs to section Idaeocanthi (name of section is absent in "International Plant Name Index", www.ipni.org), and is now understood as the section
Idaeobatus (Lingdi, Boufford, 2003). J.Y. Yang et al. (2012) included in this group R. coreanus Miq., R. idaeus L., R. parvifolius Thunb., and R. phoenicolasius Nakai. The last species was firstly described by C.J. Maksimovich.
The belonging of the discovered Rubus to R. phoenicolasius is determined in accordance with the following description given in the "Flora of China" (Lingdi, Boufford, 2003).
Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim., 1872, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, ser. 3., 17: 160.
Shrubs 1-3 m tall. Branches upright at first, finally scrambling, densely pubescent, with intermixed reddish brown bristles, stalked glands, and sparse prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, 3-foliolate, rarely 5-foliolate; petiole 3-6 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 2-3 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis pubescent, with intermixed reddish-brown bristles, stalked glands, and sparse prickles; stipules linear, 5-8 mm, pubescent, with intermixed glandular hairs; the blade of leaflets ovate, broadly ovate, or rhombic, rarely elliptic, 4-8(-10) x 2-5(-7) cm, abaxially densely grey tomentose, bristly, stipitate glandular, with sparse, minute needle-like prickles, adaxially appressed pubescent or pubescent only along veins, base rounded to subcordate, margin irregularly rough serrate, usually incised, terminal leaflet often lobed, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, short racemes, few-flowered, terminal racemes 6-10 cm, lateral ones shorter; rachis, pedicels, and abaxial surface of calyx densely pubescent, bristly, stipitate glandular; bracts lanceolate, 5-8 mm, pubescent, stipitate glandular, margin entire or apically 2-lobed. Pedicel 0.5-1.5 cm. Flowers 6-10 mm in diam. Sepals erect, lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm x 4-7 mm, apex caudate. Petals are purplish-red, obovate-spatulate or suborbicular, much longer than sepals, base long-clawed and pubescent. Stamens numerous, nearly as long as petals or slightly shorter. Pistils somewhat longer than stamens; ovary glabrous or puberulous. Aggregate fruit orange or red, subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes prominently rugose, pitted (Lingdi, Boufford, 2003).
According to "Flora of Bulgaria", there are 44 species of the genus Rubus (Markova, 1973) in the country; "Flora Europaea" includes 75 representatives of this genus divided into 9 subgenera (Heslop-Harrison, 1981). Morphologically, the newly discovered species of the genus Rubus (R. phoenicolasius) is similar to R. idaeus in fruit colour and similar to R. glandulosus in pubescence with glandular hairs. At the same time, it has significant differences from R. idaeus in the shape of the leaves and texture of the outer surface of the fruits. The fruits in R. idaeus are red and matte, in R. phoenicolasius they are orange or red and shiny. The branches and twigs in R. idaeus are almost glabrous or slightly hairy, branches in R. phoenicolasius are densely covered with glandular hairs and spines. The differences between R. glandulosus and R. phoenicolasius are obvious: the aggregate fruits in the first species are black; in the newly found species the fruits are red. Leaves in the first species are scattered hairy, and in the second one, are densely covered with glandular hairs and spines.
According to "Flora Europaea" (Heslop-Harrison, 1981), R. phoenicolasius is naturalized in Austria, Great Britain, the Czech Republic, Germany, Switzerland, as well as in North America. The species is used as a decorative and fruity shrub because of its high decorative characteristics and taste qualities of fruits. Our six-year observations of the locality in Vitosha Nature Park show that R. phoeniculasius has successfully naturalized in Bulgaria as well.
The locality of Rubus phoenicolasius is situated in a three-storey plant community, where the dominants are also edificators, that were afforested decades ago. The floristic description was made on July 5, 2019. The first storey is represented by adult individuals of Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold and Quercus rubra L. The second storey is formed exclusively by undergrowth of tree species and shrubs. The undergrowth is formed from Quercus rubra L., Q. dalechampii Ten., Acer campestre L., A. hyrcanum Fisch. et C.A. Mey, A. platanoides L., A. pseudoplatanus Falk, A. tataricum L., Carpinus betulus L., C. orientalis Mill., Corylus avellana L., Clematis vitalba L., Cornus mas L., C. sanguinea L., Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Fagus sylvatica L., Juglans regia L., Laburnum anagyroides Medik., Ligustrum vulgare L., Prunus avium (L.) L., P. cerasifera Ehrh., Rosa canina L., Rubus hirtus Rchb., Sorbus aucuparia L., Tiliaplatyphyllos Scop., Viburnum lantana L. The third storey consists of young undergrowth of trees and shrubs and the herbaceous plants: Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill., Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv., Poa nemoralis L., Astragalus glycyphyllos L., Campanula rapunculoides L., Cardamine bulbifera (L.) Crantz, Centaurea phrygia L., Fragaria vesca L., Galium aparine L., G. odoratum (L.) Scop., G. pseudoaristatum Schur, Geum urbanum L., Helleborus odorus Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd., Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh., L. vernus (L.) Bernh., Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort., Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, Sanicula europaea L., Silene alba Muhl. ex Rohrb., Verbascum sp., Viola hirta L., V. riviniana Rchb., etc.
New record of Rubus phoenicolasius: Bulgaria, Sofia, Vitosha Mountain Range, above the Sofia quarter of Simeonovo, 42036'38.2" N, 23019'19.8" E, 960 alt. 23.06.2015; 21.07.2015. A. Tashev (SOM-177004, SOM-177005).
REFERENCES
Alice L., Campbel C.S. 1999. Phylogeny of Rubus (Rosaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region sequences. American Journal of Botany, 86(1): 81-97. https://doi.org/10.2307/2656957 Focke W.O. 1914. Species Ruborum. Monographiae Generis Rubi Prodromus, part III. In:
Biblioteca Botanica. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart Verlagsbuchhandlung. P. 224-498. Heslop-Harrison Y. 1981. Genus Rubus. In: Tutin T.G. (ed.). Flora Europaea. Cambridge / London / New York / Rochelle / Melbourne/ Sydney: Cambridge University Press, 2: 7-25. Howarth D.G., Gardner D.E., Moeden W. 1997. Phylogeny of Rubus subgenus Idaeobatus (Rosaceae) and its implications to-ward colonization of the Hawaiian Islands. Systematic Botany, 22(3): 433-441. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419819 Hummer K.E. 1996. Rubus diversity. HortScience, 31: 182-183. Lingdi L., BouffordD.E. 2003. Rubus L. In: Zhengyi W., Raven P.H. (eds). Flora of China. Bejing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 9: 195-286.
Markova M. 1973. Genus Rubus. In.: Jordanov D. (ed.). Florae Reipublicae Popularis
Bulgaricae. Vol. 5. Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 444 p. [In Bulgarian]. Tashev A. 2020. Japonskata malina - nov vid za dendroflorata na Bulgaria. Gora, 1: 8. [In Bulgarian].
Thompson M.M. 1995. Chromosome numbers of Rubus species at the National Clonal
Germplasm Repository. HortScience, 30: 1447-1452. Thompson M.M. 1997. Survey of chromosome numbers in Rubus (Rosaceae: Rosoideae).
Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard, 84(1): 128-164. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399958 Wang Y., Chen Q., Chen T., Tang H., Liu. L., Wang. X. 2016. Phylogenetic insights into Chinese Rubus (Rosaceae) from multiple chloroplast and nuclear DNAs. Front. Plant Sci, 7: 968. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00968 Yang J.Y., Yoon H.-S., Pak J.H. 2012. Phylogeny of Korean Rubus (Rosaceae) based on the second intron of the LEAFY gene. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 92(3): 461-472. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-180
Received 30 April 2020 Accepted 15 May 2020
Citation: Tashev A.N., Bancheva S.T. 2020. New record of Rubusphoenicolasius Maxim. (Rosaceae) for the flora of Bulgaria // Sistematicheskie zametki po materialam Gerbariya imeni P.N. Krylova Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Systematic notes on the materials of P.N. Krylov Herbarium of Tomsk State University], 121: 37-41. https://doi.org/10.17223/20764103.12L4
Систематические заметки., 2020. № 121. С. 37-41 https ://doi.org/10.17223/20764103.121.4
Новая для флоры Болгарии находка Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim. (Rosaceae)
А.Н. Ташев1*, С.Т. Банчева2
1Кафедра дендрологии, Лесотехнический университет, София, Болгария 2Институт исследований биоразнообразия и экосистем Болгарской академии наук,
София, Болгария
*Автор для переписки: altashev@mail.ru
Аннотация. В статье приведены сведения о новой находке для Болгарии: София, горный массив Витоша, над Софийским кварталом Симеоново, 42°36'38.2" с.ш., 23°19'19.8" в.д., 960 над ур. м. 23.06.2015. 21.07.2015. А. Ташев (S0M-177004, S0M-177005) восточноазиатского, инвазивного для Европы и Северной Америки вида - Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim.
Ключевые слова: Болгария, флористические находки, чужеродный вид, Rubus phoenicolasius.
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
Alice L., Campbel C.S. Phylogeny of Rubus (Rosaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region sequences // American Journal of Botany. 1999. Vol. 86, Iss. 1. P. 81-97. https://doi.org/10.2307/2656957
Focke W.O. Species Ruborum. Monographiae Generis Rubi Prodromus, part III // Biblioteca Botanica. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1914. P. 224-498.
Heslop-Harrison Y. Genus Rubus // Tutin T.G. (ed.). Flora Europaea. Cambridge; London; New York; Rochelle; Melbourne; Sydney: Cambridge University Press, 1981. Vol. 2. P. 7-25.
Howarth D.G., Gardner D.E., Moeden W. Phylogeny of Rubus subgenus Idaeobatus (Rosaceae) and its implications to-ward colonization of the Hawaiian Islands // Systematic Botany. 1997. Vol. 22, No. 3. P. 433-441. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419819 Hummer K.E. Rubus diversity // HortScience. 1996. Vol. 31. P. 182-183. Lingdi L., Boufford D.E. Rubus L. // Zhengyi W., Raven P.H. (eds). Flora of China. Bejing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 2003. Vol. 9. P. 195-286.
Markova M. Genus Rubus // Jordanov D. (ed.). Florae Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae.
Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae. 1973. Vol. 5. 444 p. [In Bulgarian]. Tashev A. Japonskata malina - nov vid za dendroflorata na Bulgaria // Gora, 2020.
Vol. 1. P. 8. [In Bulgarian]. Thompson M.M. Chromosome numbers of Rubus species at the National Clonal
Germplasm Repository // HortScience. 1995. Vol. 30. P. 1447-1452. Thompson M.M. Survey of chromosome numbers in Rubus (Rosaceae: Rosoideae) // Ann.
Miss. Bot. Gard. 1997. Vol. 84, No. 1. P. 128-164. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399958 Wang Y., Chen Q., Chen T., Tang H., Liu. L., Wang. X. Phylogenetic insights into Chinese Rubus (Rosaceae) from multiple chloroplast and nuclear DNAs. // Front Plant Sci. 2016. Vol. 7, Article number 968. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00968. Yang J.Y., Yoon H.-S., Pak J.H. Phylogeny of Korean Rubus (Rosaceae) based on the second intron of the LEAFY gene // Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 2012. Vol. 92, No. 3. P. 461-472. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-180
Поступила в редакцию 30.04.2020 Принята к публикации 15.06.2020
Цитирование: Tashev A.N., Bancheva S.T. 2020. New record of Rubusphoenicolasius Maxim. (Rosaceae) for the flora of Bulgaria // Систематические заметки по материалам Гербария им. П.Н. Крылова Томского государственного университета. 2020. № 121. С. 37-41. https://doi.org/! 0.17223/20764103.121.4
